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Amanani eswekile 2021

Amanani eswekile 2021Iindaba

Yintoni isifo seswekile? | Siqheleke kangakanani isifo seswekile? | Amanani eswekile eMelika | Inani leswekile ngurhulumente | Isifo seswekile ngohlobo | Amanani eswekile ngokobudala | Idatha yeswekile ngokobuhlanga nangobuhlanga | Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo | Iindleko | Uthintelo | Ii-FAQ | Uphando





Isifo seswekile yingqokelela yezifo ezibonakaliswa kukunyuka kweglucose egazini. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zesifo seswekile, kodwa nganye ibandakanya ukungakwazi komzimba ukusebenzisa i-glucose yamandla. Ngelishwa, isifo seswekile siyanda eMelika nakwihlabathi liphela. Kuxhaphake kangakanani? Funda apha kwihlabathi liphela kunye nezibalo zeswekile zase-US kunye nezibakala.



Yintoni isifo seswekile?

Iswekile yinto ebalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yethu yemihla ngemihla. Imizimba yethu iyisebenzisela amandla, kodwa loo nto ifuna ihomoni ebizwa ngokuba yi-insulin, eveliswa yipancreas. I-insulin ifana neteksi yeswekile yegazi-ithatha iswekile egazini iyise kwiiseli zethu, eziwugqibe umsebenzi ngokuwuguqula ube ngamandla. Xa umntu enesifo seswekile, umzimba wakhe awunako ukuvelisa okanye ukusebenzisa i-insulin ngokufanelekileyo, eshiya iswekile eninzi kwigazi labo.

Ezinxulumene: Ixabisa malini i-insulin?

Siqheleke kangakanani isifo seswekile?

Isifo seswekile sesinye sezifo ezinganyangekiyo ezikhula ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi. Yande kangakanani? Makhe sijonge:



  • Ngo-1980, izigidi ezili-108 zabantu emhlabeni jikelele banesifo seswekile. Ngo-2014, elo nani lalinyuke laya kwizigidi ezingama-422. (Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi [WHO], 2020)
  • Kuqikelelwa ukuba abantu abadala abazizigidi ezingama-700 kwihlabathi liphela baya kuba nesifo seswekile ngo-2045. (I-International Diabetes Federation [IDF], 2020)
  • I-China inelona nani liphezulu lee-akhawunti zeswekile kwihlabathi liphela, nabantu abazizigidi ezili-116 abanesifo seswekile. Ukulandela i-China yi-India (i-77 yezigidi zabantu abanesifo seswekile) emva koko i-United States (i-31 yezigidi zabantu abanesifo seswekile). (I-IDF yesifo seswekile, i-2019)

Amanani eswekile eMelika

  • Ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-34 zabantu baseMelika abanesifo seswekile, esiphantse sibe yi-11% yabantu baseMelika. (Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo [CDC], 2020)
  • Yonke imizuzwana eyi-17, umntu waseMelika ufumanisa ukuba unesifo seswekile. ( Ijenali yaseMelika yoKhathalelo oluPhetheyo, 2018)
  • Kukho i-1.5 yezigidi zeemeko zesifo seswekile e-United States minyaka le. (Umbutho weSwekile waseMelika [ADA], 2020)

Inani leswekile ngurhulumente

Amazwe anepesenti ephezulu yabantu abadala abanesifo seswekile:

  • INtshona Virginia (15.7%)
  • IMississippi (14.8%)
  • IAlabama (14%)
  • I-Tennessee (13.8%)
  • IArkansas (13.6%)
  • UMzantsi Carolina (13.4%)
  • EKentucky (13.3%)
  • ISithili saseColumbia (12.8%)
  • ILouisiana (14.1%)
  • I-Texas (12.6%)
  • I-Indiana (12.4%)

Amazwe anepesenti esezantsi yabantu abadala abanesifo seswekile:

  • IColorado (7%)
  • IAlaska (7.3%)
  • IMontana (7.6%)
  • Ukuza (7.8%)
  • I-Utah (8%)
  • EMassachusetts (8.4%)
  • IOregon (8.6%)
  • IWisconsin (8.7%)
  • IVermont (8.7%)
  • IDelaware (8.7%)

(Isimo sokuTyeba ngokuKhulu koMntwana *, 2020)
* Iinkcukacha-manani zezamatyala abantu abadala, ahlaziywa ngoSeptemba 2020



Isifo seswekile ngohlobo

Zine iindidi zesifo seswekile:

  • Uhlobo lwe-1 yeswekile: Ukuhlaselwa okuzenzekelayo kweeseli zepancreas kuyabayeka ekudaleni i-insulin, ke abantu abanohlobo 1 kufuneka bathathe i-insulin shots yonke imihla. Kwiimeko ezininzi, Uhlobo lweswekile 1 lufunyaniswa ku- abantwana kunye nolutsha, kodwa inokubonakalisa nakubantu abadala.
  • Uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile: Abantu abanohlobo lwe-2 banokuvelisa i-insulin, kodwa imizimba yabo iyayichasa. Xa iswekile esegazini iphakama ngokungaguquguqukiyo, iipancreas ziyaqhubeka ngokumpompa i-insulin, kwaye ekugqibeleni, iiseli ziyavezwa kakhulu. Uhlobo lwe-2 lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwesifo seswekile kunye nesiye sikhule siqhele kubantu abadala; Nangona kunjalo, inqanaba lesi-2 leswekile ebantwaneni iyanda .
  • Isifo seswekile: Olu hlobo lwenzeka kuphela kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo kwaye luhamba emva kokubeleka; nangona kunjalo, isiqingatha sabasetyhini onesifo seswekile sokukhulelwa uya kuphuhlisa uhlobo lweswekile yesi-2 kamva ebomini. Unyango lubandakanya umthambo ocetyiswa ngugqirha kunye nesicwangciso sokutya. Ngamanye amaxesha uvavanyo lweglucose yonke imihla kunye neenaliti ze-insulin ziyimfuneko.
  • Isifo seswekile: I-Prediabetes ayiyiyo ingcali yesifo sikashukela. Kufana nesandulela. Iglucose yegazi lomntu ene-prediabetic ihlala ihleli ngaphezulu komndilili, kodwa ayiphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba iqinisekise isifo seswekile. Abantu abane-prediabetes inokukunceda ukuthintela udidi 2 lweswekile ngokumilisela ukutya okusempilweni, ukonyusa imisebenzi yomzimba, kunye nolawulo loxinzelelo.

Nantsi indlela exhaphake ngayo uhlobo ngalunye lwesifo seswekile:

  • Kwizigidi ezingama-34.2 zabantu abadala base-US abanesifo seswekile, malunga nezigidi eziyi-7.3 zazo azifunyaniswa. (ADA, 2020)
  • Kuqikelelwa ukuba izigidi ezingama-88 zabantu abadala bane-prediabetes, i-34.5% yabantu abadala base-US. (ICDC, 2020)
  • Malunga ne-7% yabasetyhini abakhulelweyo baphuhlisa isifo seswekile. (Ngomhla we-Dimes, 2019)
  • Isiqingatha sabasetyhini abanesifo seswekile sokukhulelwa baya kuqhubeka nokuphuhlisa uhlobo lwesifo seswekile kamva ebomini. (CDC, 2019)
  • Izigidi eziyi-1.6 zabantu baseMelika banesifo seswekile 1, esibandakanya abantwana abakwishumi elivisayo abali-187,000. (ADA, 2020)
  • Phantse iipesenti ezingama-90 ukuya kuma-95% kuzo zonke iimeko zeswekile zase-US zi-Type 2. (CDC, 2019)

Amanani eswekile ngokobudala

Kukho ukuxhaphaka okukhulu kwesifo seswekile phakathi kwamaqela amadala, ngakumbi kuhlobo 2 lweswekile, oluthatha ixesha elide ukukhula.



  • Kwabantu baseMelika abanesifo seswekile, i-3.6 yezigidi yi-18 ukuya kwi-44 yeminyaka ubudala, i-11.7 yezigidi ingama-45 ukuya kuma-64 eminyaka ubudala, kwaye i-11.5 yezigidi indala kunama-65. (CDC, 2020)
  • Kukho iimeko ezingama-210,000 zokufumanisa isifo seswekile phakathi kwabantwana nakwishumi elivisayo abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-20, kubandakanya iimeko ezingama-187,000 zohlobo lweswekile. (ICDC, 2020)
  • Kwabantu baseMelika abanesifo seswekile esingafunyaniswanga, i-1.4 yezigidi yi-18 ukuya kwi-44, i-3.1 yezigidi ngama-45 ukuya kuma-64, kwaye i-2.9 yezigidi ingaphezulu kwe-65.
  • Phantse izigidi ezingama-24.2 zabantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu banesifo seswekile. (ICDC, 2020)

Idatha yeswekile ngokobuhlanga nangobuhlanga

Ukuxhaphaka kwesifo seswekile nako kwahluka ngokwamaqela ohlanga kunye neentlanga ezahlukeneyo. Nantsi indlela ipesenti yesifo seswekile efunyanisiweyo ehla njani:

  • AmaNdiya aseMelika / ama-Alaska: 14.7%
  • I-Hispanics: 12.5%
  • Abantsundu abanga-Hispanic: 11.7%
  • Abantu baseAsia baseMelika: 9.2%
  • Abamhlophe abangabemi baseSpain: 7.5%

(ADA, 2020)



Kwaye inani labantu abane-prediabetes lifunyenwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

  • Abamhlophe abangabemi baseSpain: 54.8 yezigidi
  • I-Hispanics: 14.6 yezigidi
  • Abangewona amaSpanishi abamnyama: i-11.4 yezigidi
  • Abantu baseAsia-Amerika: 5 yezigidi

(ICDC, 2020)



Iingxaki zesifo seswekile eziqhelekileyo

Isifo seswekile ayisosifo esidodobalisayo. Abantu abaninzi abanesifo seswekile basenokwenza yonke imisebenzi abayithandayo, ukuba nje banendlela yokuphila esempilweni. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhlala nesifo seswekile ngumceli mngeni wemihla ngemihla, utsho USharita E.Warfield, MD Ugqirha oqinisekisiweyo webhodi engxamisekileyo kunye nomsunguli kunye ne-CEO yeQela lezonyango laseWarfield. [Umntu] unokugqiba ekubeni ahlangane ngqo nomceli mngeni kwaye enze indlela efunekayo yokuphila kunye notshintsho kwindlela atya ngayo okanye aqhubeke nokuphila nokutya ngendlela abanayo kuba bengaziva kakubi.

Abo bathatha isigqibo sokwenza utshintsho kufuneka babuze imibuzo enje, Ngaba zininzi kakhulu ii-carbs ngokuqhubekayo? Ngaba ineswekile? Ngaba ndifumana ifayibha eyaneleyo? Emva koko, kufuneka babone ukuba bangongeza njani na kwimithambo yomzimba, iindlela zokonakalisa, kunye nendlela yokuphepha izinto eziyityhefu ezinje ngeziyobisi okanye utywala okanye izinto ezineswekile abantu abaninzi abaya kuzo ukuze bazithuthuzele. Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, kodwa umntu ophila nesifo seswekile kufuneka akhumbule ukuthatha i-insulin, iipilisi zomlomo, okanye zombini, kwaye ajonge amanqanaba eswekile egazini mihla le. Ingabonakala ngathi ngumsebenzi omninzi, kodwa ezinye iindlela ziyamangalisa. Isifo seswekile sinokubangela ezinye iingxaki zempilo ezinje ngezi zilandelayo:



  • Omnye kwabaphenduli aba-5 abaphendulayo baxele ukuba iimpawu zabo ziye zehlisa umgangatho wabo wobomi. Aba baphenduliyo baxele ukuba banesifo sezintso kunye nesifo esinamafutha esingatyisi. (Umntu ongatshatanga, 2020)
  • Kwi-2017, isifo seswekile sasiyindawo yesixhenxe ekhokelela ekufeni kwabantu baseMelika. Kwadweliswa njengoyena nobangela wokufa kwizatifikethi zokufa ezingama-83,564 kwakhankanywa kwizatifikethi ezingama-270,702 zizonke. (ADA, 2020)
  • Abantu abadala abanesifo seswekile banamathuba aphindwe kabini ukuya kwamathathu okonyusa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunye nemivumbo. (WHO, 2020)
  • Kwakukho ukutyelelwa kwegumbi likaxakeka elinxulumene nesifo seswekile kwi-2016 phakathi kwabantu abadala abaneminyaka eyi-18 okanye nangaphezulu. (ICDC, 2020)
  • Kwakukho izigidi ezisi-7.8 zokukhutshwa esibhedlele kwisifo seswekile ezichazwe njengokufunyaniswa. Koku kukhupha, isigidi esi-1.7 sikwadwelise isifo sentliziyo, kubandakanya i-438,000 yezifo zentliziyo yeschemic kunye ne-313,000 stroke. (ICDC, 2020)
  • Phakathi kwabantu abadala base-US abaneminyaka eyi-18 okanye nangaphezulu abanesifo seswekile, kwaqikelelwa ukuba i-37% yayinesifo sezintso ezingapheliyo. (ICDC, 2020)
  • Isifo seswekile i-retinopathy (umonakalo wexesha elide kwimithambo yegazi e-retinal) ibangela i-2.6% yokulahleka kombono kwihlabathi liphela. (WHO, 2020)
  • Iipesenti ezingama-85 zokunqunyulwa kweenyawo zehlabathi ziziphumo zesilonda seenyawo ezineswekile. ( Ijenali yaseMelika yoKhathalelo oluPhetheyo, 2018)
  • Abantu base-Afrika baseMelika banamathuba aphindwe kane kunabamhlophe ukuba banqunyulwe isifo seswekile. ( Ijenali yaseMelika yoKhathalelo oluPhetheyo, 2018)
  • Yonke imihla, ama-230 abantu baseMelika abanesifo seswekile bafuna ukushunqulwa. ( Ijenali yaseMelika yoKhathalelo oluPhetheyo, 2018)

Ezinxulumene: Unyango lwesifo seswekile kunye namayeza

Ixabiso leswekile

  • Kwi-2020, i-54% yabaphenduli bophando ihlawulwe epokothweni ngalo lonke ukhathalelo lwabo lweswekile. (Umntu ongatshatanga, 2020)
  • Ixabiso eliqikelelweyo le-2017 yesifo seswekile e-US yayiyi- $ 327 yezigidigidi. (ADA, 2020)
  • Ukususela ngo-2012 ukuya ku-2017, abantu abanesifo sikashukela babone ukunyuka kweendleko zonyango ukusuka kwi- $ 8,417 ukuya kwi-9,601 yeedola. (ICDC, 2020)
  • 1 kuzo zonke iidola ezi-4 zononophelo lwempilo ezichithwe eMelika zezonyango. (ADA, 2018)
  • Ngokomndilili, iindleko zonyango zabantu abanesifo seswekile zingaphezulu kokuphindwe kabini kunoko kunokuba kunjalo ukuba abanaso isifo seswekile. (ADA, 2020)

Ezinxulumene: Ungazifumana njani izinto zasimahla zeswekile

Uthintelo lweswekile

Uhlobo lwe-2 lweswekile luxhaphake ngendlela emangalisayo, kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba lunokuthintelwa (kwaye Isifo seswekile sinokuguqulwa ). Eyona ndlela yokuyigcina ikwindawo yokuhlala kukuphila ngendlela esempilweni, oko kuthetha ukutya okunezondlo kunye nokuzilolonga rhoqo.

  • Isifo seswekile sinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuwa komntu. Umntu omdala onesifo seswekile oneminyaka engaphezulu kwama-65 unamaxesha ali-17 okuwela umntu omdala omncinci ngaphandle kweswekile. (UC Berkeley School of Health Public, 2017) Ukuzivocavoca kweqela kunokunciphisa ukwehla nge-28% ukuya kwi-29%. ( Unonophelo lweSwekile, Ngo-2016)
  • Abantu abalahle i-5% ukuya kwi-7% yesisindo somzimba kwaye bongeze imizuzu eyi-150 yokuzivocavoca ngeveki banciphise umngcipheko wokuba nohlobo lwe-2 lweswekile ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezingama-58, ukuya kuthi ga kuma-71% kubantu abadala kuneminyaka engama-60. )
  • Ukuzivocavoca umzimba (usebenzisa ubunzima bokusimahla, oomatshini bokulinganisa, iibhendi zokumelana, njl. ( Unonophelo lweSwekile, Ngo-2016)
  • Abasetyhini abanesifo seswekile abenza umthambo ubuncinci iiyure ezine ngeveki babenomngcipheko ophantsi we-40% wokuba nesifo sentliziyo kunabo bangazilolanga. (IHarvard)

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi azinakuphepheka, kodwa ezinye azinjalo. Ukuzibophelela kwimikhwa esempilweni kuya kunceda ukuphuma uninzi lwazo. Ngokwabantu ngabanye, abantu banokuthintela okanye bandise ukuqala kwesifo seswekile okanye uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile ngokugcina ubunzima obusempilweni, ukutya ukutya okusempilweni, kunye nokuphumeza i-150 ukuya kwimizuzu engama-300 ngeveki yokuzivocavoca ngokomzimba, utshilo uGqirha Warfield. Ukwamkela olu tshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha kwasekuqaleni ebomini kunceda ekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi kwaye kuthintele ukuqala kwesifo seswekile, esikhokelela kuhlobo lweswekile yesi-2 ukuba akukho nto yenziwe.

Imibuzo ngesifo seswekile kunye neempendulo

Bangaphi abantu abanesifo seswekile?

Ngokwe-CDC, abantu abadala abazizigidi ezingama-463 banesifo seswekile kwihlabathi liphela. E-United States kuphela, i-34.2 yezigidi zabantu abadala abanesifo seswekile, i-10.5% yabemi.

Ngabaphi abantu abanelona zinga liphezulu leswekile?

E-US, amaNdiya aseMelika / ama-Alaska Abemi banamazinga aphezulu eswekile kwi-14.7%, ngokwe-ADA.

Ngaba ukunyuka kwesifo seswekile kuyanda?

Phakathi kuka-1990 no-2010, inani labantu abaphila nesifo seswekile liphindaphindwe kathathu kwaye inani lamatyala amatsha liphindaphindwe kabini ngonyaka. Iqela lophando kwiZiko leLinye iXesha elizayo uxela kwangaphambili Inani elipheleleyo labantu baseMelika abanesifo seswekile (kubandakanya isifo seswekile esingafunyaniswanga) liya kunyuka ukusuka kwizigidi ezingama-35.6 ngo-2015 ukuya kwizigidi ezingama-54.9 ngo-2030.

Athini amanye amanani eswekile olutsha?

Ngokuqhelekileyo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Type 1 diabetes, isifo sikashukela esaselula sichongwa kubantwana kwaye silawulwa yi-insulin shots yansuku zonke. Malunga ne-1.6 yezigidi zabantu baseMelika banesifo seswekile 1, kubandakanya ulutsha olungama-200,000, kwaye kukho malunga nama-64,000 amatyala amatsha ngonyaka. Ngokuka-JDRF, phakathi kuka-2001 no-2009, bekukho ukwanda okungama-21% kuhlobo 1 lwesifo seswekile kubantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-20.

Yeyiphi ipesenti yabantu abanesifo seswekile abanesifo seswekile sesi-2?

Uninzi (iipesenti ezingama-90 ukuya kuma-95%) zabantu abanesifo seswekile banoluhlobo lwesibini lweswekile.

Basweleka njani abantu ngenxa yeswekile?

Abantu kunqabile ukuba babulawe sisifo seswekile ngqo. Kungenzeka ukuba umntu onesifo seswekile uza kufa ngenxa yeengxaki ngamanye amalungu. Umzekelo, iswekile ephezulu yegazi ingazonakalisa izintso ixesha elide, zikhokelela ekusileleni kwezintso. Kwaye ekubeni isifo seswekile sihlala sinxulunyaniswa neemeko zentliziyo, ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo, kunye nokubetha zezinye zezizathu eziqhelekileyo zokufa kwabantu abaneswekile. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo zohlobo lweswekile 1, imeko ebizwa ngokuba sisifo seswekile ketoacidosis (amanqanaba eglucose aphezulu kakhulu) kunokubangela ukufa ngesiquphe.

Zingaphi ukusweleka okubangelwa sisifo seswekile ngonyaka?

Isifo seswekile sabangela ukusweleka kwezigidi eziyi-4.2 kwihlabathi liphela ngo-2019. Ngokupheleleyo e-US, abantu abangama-83,564 babhubha ngenxa yesifo seswekile ngo-2017.

Bangaphi abantu abaqikelelwa ukuba banesifo seswekile kwixesha elizayo?

I-IDF iqikelela ukuba i-700 yezigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela baya kuba nesifo seswekile ngo-2045.

Uphando lweswekile