IHepatitis 101: Ungathintela njani kwaye unyange usulelo

Imfundo yezeMpilo

Kudala uziva ukhathele kwaye unobuhlungu mva nje. Uphelelwe ngumdla wokutya-kwaye ufumana isicaphucaphu nokugabha, mhlawumbi unomkhuhlane. Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zomkhuhlane wexesha elithile, okanye esinye isifo esibi kakhulu (njenge-COVID-19). Kodwa, ukuba uye waqaphela ukuba tyheli kwamehlo akho okanye ulusu, kunokuba sisibindi.

Yimeko eqhelekileyo. Ukususela ngo-2017, 3.3 yezigidi abantu babephila ne-hepatitis yentsholongwane yodwa, ngokutsho kwamaZiko okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo (CDC). Kwaye kunokuba nzulu ngaphandle konyango olufanelekileyo. Funda ngemingcipheko ye-hepatitis, indlela yokuthintela, kunye nokuba wenzeni ukuba wosulelekile.

Yintoni ihepatitis?

IHepatitis kuthetha ukudumba kwesibindi. Intsholongwane sesona sizathu sixhaphakileyo sale meko — kodwa ikwanokubangelwa kukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi okanye utywala, kukuzenzekelayo, okanye isifo esinganyangekiyo.

Xa ishiywe inganyangwa, i-hepatitis ebukhali inokukhokelela kwisifo sokuqina kwesibindi, isifo esinganyangekiyo sesibindi, ukusilela kwesibindi, umhlaza wesibindi, okanye kufuneke ukufakelwa isibindi.

Iindidi hepatitis

Xa abantu becinga nge-hepatitis, bahlala becinga ngezifo zentsholongwane ezijolise kwisibindi, utsho URobert Fontana , MD, umlawuli wezonyango wokufakelwa kwesibindi kwiYunivesithi yaseMichigan. Kukho iintlobo ezintlanu ze-hepatitis yentsholongwane.

1. IHepatitis A ibangelwa yintsholongwane ye-hepatitis A (HAV) kwaye ihlala icoca ngokwayo emva kweeveki ezimbalwa. Iimpawu ziyafana nezomkhuhlane, nangona abanye abantu beza njenge-asymptomatic.
2. IHepatitis B ibangelwa yintsholongwane ye-hepatitis B (HBV) kwaye ihlala icoca ngokwayo emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, usulelo oluqhubeka emva kweenyanga ezintandathu luthathwa njenge-hepatitis B. engapheliyo.Iimpawu zibandakanya i-jaundice (ukuba tyheli kolusu namehlo), isicaphucaphu, ukugabha kunye norhudo, nangona abanye abantu bevela njenge-asymptomatic.
3. IHepatitis C Kubangelwa yintsholongwane ye-hepatitis C (HCV) kwaye iyazicoca kuphela malunga neepesenti ezingama-20 zamatyala. Iimpawu zibandakanya i-jaundice, ukudinwa, kunye nentlungu edibeneyo, kodwa i-hepatitis C ebukhali inokukhokelela kwisifo se-cirrhosis okanye isifo sesibindi ngaphandle kwempawu.
4. IHepatitis D ibangelwa yintsholongwane ye-hepatitis D (HDV) kwaye inokuba sisifo esinganyangekiyo. Iimpawu zibandakanya i-jaundice, iintlungu zesisu, kunye nesicaphucaphu, nangona abanye abantu bevela njenge-asymptomatic. I-Hepatitis D yenzeka kuphela kwabo bane-hepatitis B, eyenza ukuba ibe luhlobo olunqabileyo lwe-hepatitis.
5. IHepatitis E ibangelwa yintsholongwane ye-hepatitis E (HEV) kwaye ihlala icoca ngokwayo emva kweeveki ezimbalwa. Iimpawu zibandakanya i-jaundice, ukulahleka kwesidlo, umchamo omnyama, kunye nentlungu esiswini. IHepatitis E ihlala isasazeka ngamanzi okusela angcolileyo, iyenza inqabile kumazwe ahambele phambili.

Nangona kunjalo, zikho ezinye iindlela apho isibindi sinokutsha khona-njengeengxaki zokuhamba kwegazi, amatye enyongo, kunye nokusela kakhulu utywala.

• Utywala hepatitis Kubangelwa kukusetyenziswa kotywala kakhulu kwaye kufuna ukungabinakho kunye / okanye ungenelelo lonyango ukucoca. Iimpawu zibandakanya i-jaundice kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi, kodwa abantu abaninzi bavela njenge-asymptomatic.
• Ngokuzimela hepatitis Kubangelwa xa amajoni omzimba ehlasela isibindi. Le fomu ayinasifo. Iimpawu zibandakanya ukudinwa kunye nokudibana kunye nentlungu esiswini.
• Isifo sesibindi esinamafutha ayinaso isizathu esaziwayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukutyeba kakhulu, i-cholesterol ephezulu, kunye nohlobo 2 lweswekile zizinto ezinobungozi. Iimpawu zinqabile, kodwa zinokubandakanya ukudinwa.

E-United States, iimeko ze-hepatitis A, B, C, kunye ne-hepatitis enotywala, zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo. Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi ( I-WHO Uqikelela ukuba izigidi ezingama-325 zabantu ehlabathini lonke bane-hepatitis B kunye / okanye uC.

Unikezelo

Indlela i-hepatitis isasazeka ngayo iyahluka ngohlobo lwe-hepatitis.

Ukudluliselwa kwesifo sokudumba kwesibindi

IHepatitis A kunye no-E zihlala zihanjiswa ngomlomo xa isigulana sisitya intsholongwane ngokutya okanye ngesiselo-esihlala singcoliswe lilindle lomntu osulelekileyo.

IHepatitis B, C, kunye no-D zihlala zisasazeka xa ulwelo lomzimba lutshintshana phakathi komntu osulelekileyo kunye nomnye umntu. Oko kunokwenzeka ngeendlela ezininzi: ukuzala kumama onentsholongwane, isondo nomntu osulelekileyo, ukwabelana ngococeko lomntu (okt iincakuba) okanye izixhobo zonyango, ezinje ngeglucose monitors. IHepatitis B ixhaphake kakhulu ngokudibana ngokwesondo okanye ngumama osulelekileyo ayidlulisele emntwaneni wakhe ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Inokusasazeka ngeesirinji ekwabelwana ngazo kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi.

Into esiyibonayo kukuba ukuba usebenzisa iziyobisi, unethuba elibalulekileyo lokufumana i-hepatitis C komnye umntu kuba abantu babelana ngeenaliti, utshilo uGqirha Fontana. Uthi kukho abantu abamalunga nesigidi ngonyaka abazama ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ngokungekho mthethweni, nto leyo ekhokelele kutshanje ingcebiso Ukusuka eU.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPTF) yokuba bonke abantu abadala bavavanywa kanye kube kanye ngenxa yehepatitis.

Olunye usulelo lokudumba kwesibindi

Ezinye iintlobo ze-hepatitis azisasazi umntu emntwini. Zibangelwa ziimeko zonyango okanye ukusela utywala. Utywala yenye yeetyhefu zesibindi eziqhelekileyo, kwaye i-hepatitis evela ekutyeni kakhulu kukuxhalaba phakathi kwabaqeqeshi bezonyango. Ukulimala kwesibindi esinxilisayo kuyanda kakhulu kuwo onke amaqela eminyaka, kodwa ngakumbi kubantu abancinci, uGqirha Fontana ucacisa. Abantu abancinci bahlala becinga ukuba abanakunqotshwa, kodwa siye sabona abantu apha esibhedlele abaneminyaka engama-25 ukuya kwengama-30 ubudala abanesibindi esifa.

Ukuqhubela phambili le nkxalabo, ukusela utywala ngexesha le-COVID-19 yeengxaki kuye kwanda kakhulu ngelixa abantu besekhaya kwaye bengasebenzi, wongeza uGqirha Fontana. Abantu bahlala becinga ukuba ngenxa yokuba bekhaya, beziva belungile, kwaye bengekho tyheli, akukho mfuneko yokuba bakhathazeke, kodwa ukudumba okunzima kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kweempawu zesifo sokudumba kwesibindi. Njengogqirha, ndixhalabile kakhulu ngaloo nto, utshilo uGqirha Fontana. Unokuphuhlisa ukulimala kwesibindi ngotywala, kwaye ukuba ulinda ude ufumane i-jaundiced, yeyona ndlela imbi kakhulu.

Unyango lwe-hepatitis kunye namayeza

Zonke iintlobo ze-hepatitis zinokunyangeka, kodwa ezinye iindlela azisoloko zinyangeka, utsho U-Anthony Michaels , MD, hepatologist kunye noprofesa onxulumene noNyango lwezeMpilo kwiYunivesithi yaseOhio State University Wexner Medical Centre.

Iintsholongwane ze-hepatitis zinokunyangwa ngamayeza antiviral ukuba azicacanga zodwa. Ukuba ityhefu ibangela ukudumba, kufuneka isuswe esibindini. Ukuba kungenxa yelitye lenyongo okanye olunye uvalelo ngaphandle kwesibindi, ugqirha kufuneka akhulule ngomatshini.

• IHepatitis A ihlala icoca yodwa ngokuphumla ngokwaneleyo.
• IHepatitis B inokucaca yodwa, kodwa usulelo olungapheliyo lufuna amayeza antiviral afana entecavir , I-adefovir dipivoxil , i-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate , okanye lamivudine .
• IHepatitis C ngowona mzekelo ubalaseleyo wentsholongwane yesibindi enokuba khona waphathwa kwaye uphilisiwe, njengoko unyango lwe-hepatitis C olungapheliyo luhlala lubandakanya i-antiviral kunye namanye amayeza, kubandakanya Epclusa , Nyusa , Pegasys , okanye Intsingiselo A .
• IHepatitis D akanalo unyango olwaziwayo, kodwa ukunqanda utywala kunokunceda ukuthintela imeko ekubeni mandundu.
• IHepatitis E ihlala icoca yodwa ngokuphumla ngokwaneleyo nangamanzi.
• Utywala hepatitis Umonakalo wesibindi unokubuyiselwa umva ngokubambelela ekuzileni utywala. Ngamanye amaxesha, iicorticosteroids okanye pentoxifylline ER ingafuneka.
• Ngokuzimela hepatitis inokunyangwa ngamachiza alawula amajoni omzimba, kubandakanya ubume okanye Imuran .
• Isifo sesibindi esinamafutha inokubuyiselwa umva ngokutya, ukwenza umthambo, kunye nokwehla kobunzima.

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela iziyobisi zibandakanya uloyiko, ukungakwazi ukugxila, kunye nesisu.

Ngenxa yokuba i-hepatitis ligama eliqhelekileyo, kubalulekile ukuba ufune unyango ukuze ufumane eyona ndlela yokunyanga imeko yakho.

Uthintelo

Usulelo lwe-Hepatitis A kunye nosulelo lwe-hepatitis B lunokuthintelwa zombini isitofu sokugonya . Abantwana abaninzi eMelika bafumana ugonyo lwe-hepatitis A kunye no-B ngaphambi kokuya esikolweni, kodwa oko bekungasoloko kuyinto esemgangathweni. Ukuba awukhumbuli ukuba ugonyiwe na, iyeza lokunyanga i-hepatitis B lacetyiswa kubantwana abakwiminyaka yokuba sesikolweni ukuqala ngo-1994 kunye nokugonya kwe-hepatitis A ngo-2006. isitofu sokugonya. Ngelixa kukho isitofu sokugonya ekuphuhliseni i-hepatitis C, akukabikho namnye okwangoku, ke kubalulekile ukunqanda isimilo esinokwandisa umngcipheko we-hepatitis C.

Ngaphandle kogonyo, ukwenza ugqirha wakho azi ngembali yosapho yezifo zesibindi kunye nokujonga imeko ezithile zokuziphatha zezona ndlela zokuthintela i-hepatitis.

• IHepatitis A kunye no-E: Hlamba izandla zakho emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese naphambi kokuba utye. Sela kuphela amanzi asebhotileni okanye acocekileyo kumazwe asaphuhlayo.
• I-Hepatitis B kunye no-C: Nxiba ikhondomu namaqabane akho owabelana nawo ngesondo kwaye uphephe ukunxibelelana nolwelo lomzimba kunye negazi. Abafazi abakhulelweyo banomngcipheko ophezulu wokudlulisela usulelo lwentsholongwane emntwaneni wabo. Musa ukwabelana ngeenaliti okanye izinto zokhathalelo lomntu (kubandakanya iireyiza kunye neebrashi zamazinyo) kwaye ufumane kuphela iitattoos okanye ukugqobhoza kumashishini acocekileyo, adumileyo.
• IHepatitis D: Eyona ndlela yokuthintela i-hepatitis D kukuthintela kunye / okanye ukunyanga i-hepatitis B.
• Utywala hepatitis: Kuphephe ukusebenzisa kakubi utywala, ukusetyenziswa gwenxa, nokuzinkcinkca ngotywala.
• Ngokuzenzekelayo hepatitis: Akukho ndlela yokuthintela i-autoimmune hepatitis, kodwa uviwo lwempilo oluqhelekileyo lunokunceda ukufumanisa olu hlobo lwe-hepatitis kwangoko.
• Isifo sesibindi esinamafutha: Jonga ukutya kwakho, fumana umthambo rhoqo, kwaye ugcine ubunzima obusempilweni.

Indlela ugqirha ayifumana ngayo i-hepatitis kukuhlolwa kwegazi kunye nokuhlolwa komzimba. Ukuba unobungozi, njengokusebenzisa iziyobisi ngaphakathi, ukukwabelana ngesondo ngokungakhuselekanga, okanye ukusebenzisa utywala kakhulu, buza umboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba akuvavanyele i-hepatitis C. Abantu abafuni ukuxelela oogqirha babo ukuba basela kangakanani okanye Benza iziyobisi, kodwa usengacela ukuba bahlolwe i-hepatitis.

Ezinxulumene: Izinto ezi-5 ongafanele uzigcine kugqirha wakho

Okokugqibela, unokuba nesibindi kwaye ungazi, uGqirha Fontana uthi. Ngesifo sentliziyo, wonke umntu uyazi malunga nentlungu yesifuba kunye ne-cholesterol. Isifo sesibindi siyimfihlakalo kancinane kubantu abaninzi. Njengengcali yesibindi, ukuba abantu bangabuza nje umbuzo xa bebona ugqirha wabo, zininzi izinto ezinokunyangwa esinokuzenza.