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Amanani okutyeba kakhulu kunye nokutyeba kakhulu ngo-2021

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Ukutyeba kakhulu yimeko yonyango ephawulwa ngokuba namafutha omzimba amaninzi, anokubangela iingxaki zempilo kunye neengxaki. Ukufunda ngakumbi ngokutyeba linyathelo lokuqala elincedayo ekulawuleni imeko kunye nokuphila ubomi obunempilo. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezibalo zokutyeba kakhulu, iindlela zokunyanga ukutyeba, kunye nendlela yokukunceda ukukhusela.

Yintoni ukutyeba kakhulu?

Ukutyeba kakhulu yimeko yonyango eyenzekayo xa umntu enexabiso eligqithisileyo lamafutha omzimba. Ukuba namafutha omzimba amaninzi kunokwandisa umngcipheko wokufumana ezinye iingxaki zempilo, kwaye kunokubangela iingxaki zempilo ezizezakho.

Ababoneleli ngezempilo banokuchonga ukutyeba ngokusekwe kwisalathiso sobunzima bomzimba (BMI), imilinganiselo yokujikeleza kwesinqe, kunye nezinye iimpawu. Izinto ze-BMI kubude bomntu, ubunzima bomzimba, iqela lobudala, kunye nesini. I-BMI engama-30 okanye ngaphezulu ihlala ibonisa ukutyeba. Ngapha koko, umlinganiso wesinqe ngaphezulu kwe-intshi ye-35 yabasetyhini kunye nee-intshi ezingama-40 zamadoda inokubonisa ukutyeba kakhulu. Ukongeza, nazi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokutyeba kakhulu:

Ukutyeba kakhulu
Ukudinwa
Intlungu edibeneyo okanye yangemva
Ukuzithemba okuphantsi / ukuzithemba okuphantsi
Irhona
Ukwanda kokubila

Unyango lokutyeba ngokufuthi lubandakanya ukwenza umthambo, ukutya, ukutya okunesondlo, amayeza, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, utyando.

Kuqheleke kangakanani ukutyeba kakhulu?

Ngokomndilili, umntu omnye kwabathathu abadala utyebe kakhulu, malunga ne-36% yabemi. (IHarvard, 2020)
Ukuhlengahlengiswa kobudala bokutyeba kakhulu kubantu abadala ukusuka kwi-2017-18 yayiyi-42.4%. (Amaziko oLawulo noThintelo lwezifo, 2020)
Ngo-2030, kuqikelelwa ukuba ama-20% abemi behlabathi baya kuba batyebe. (Iziko leLizwe leNgcaciso yeBiotechnology, 2016)
Phantse i-18.5% yabantwana abaneminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwe-19 babonwa njengabatyebileyo eUnited States. (Amaziko oLawulo noThintelo lwezifo, 2019)

Ubhubhane wokutyeba: Bangaphi abantu abatyebe kakhulu emhlabeni?

Ukutyeba kakhulu akuchaphazeli nje abantu base U.S. Abantu kumazwe amaninzi bafumana ukutyeba kakhulu, kwaye kuya kusiba sisibetho sehlabathi.

Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngama-500 ezigidi zabantu abadala abatyebe kakhulu.
Ukuba awunangxaki, abantu abayi-1 yezigidigidi baya kuba batyebile ngo-2030.
Ngaphezulu kwama-25% abantu abadala base-UK batyebe kakhulu.
Amashumi amane anesine eepesenti abasetyhini eSaudi Arabia batyebe kakhulu.

(IHarvard, 2020)

Ukutyeba kakhulu eMelika

Umntu omnye kwabathathu abadala base-US utyebe kakhulu. (IHarvard, 2020)
Abasetyhini abamnyama abangabemi baseSpain bafumana awona manqanaba aphezulu okutyeba eMelika ngama-59%. (IHarvard, 2020)
Amanqanaba okutyeba aphezulu kumaSpanishi, amaMelika aseMexico, kunye nabantu abamnyama abangabemi baseSpain kunokuba baseCaucasus. (IHarvard, 2020)
Umzantsi kunye neMidwest yeyona ndawo ineyona ngxaki iphambili yokukhuluphala. (Amaziko oLawulo noThintelo lwezifo, 2019)
Onke amazwe ase-US kunye nemimandla inezinga lokutyeba nge-20% ubuncinci. (Amaziko oLawulo noThintelo lwezifo, 2019)

Amanani otyeba ngokwesini

Ngokubanzi, amazinga okutyeba kwabantu abadala aphezulu kubafazi. (IZiko leLizwe lezibalo zezeMpilo, 2013-2014)
Abafazi aba-4 kwaba-5 base-Afrika nabaseMelika batyebe kakhulu okanye batyebe kakhulu. (IOfisi yezeMpilo encinci , 2018)
Aba-3 kwabayi-4 baseLatina okanye abaseSpain baba batyeba kakhulu okanye batyebe kakhulu. (Amaziko oLawulo noThintelo lwezifo, 2018)
Amanqanaba okutyeba kakhulu kumadoda aphezulu kumaqela anengeniso ephakathi. (Amaziko oLawulo noThintelo lwezifo, 2020)
Amaxabiso okutyeba kakhulu kwabamhlophe abanga-Hispanic, ama-Asia angengawo amaSpanishi, kunye nabasetyhini baseSpain baphezulu kumaqela anengeniso esezantsi. (Amaziko oLawulo noThintelo lwezifo, 2020)

Ubalo lobungakanani bobudala

E-US, ukutyeba kuxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala kunolutsha. (IZiko leLizwe lezibalo zezeMpilo, 2015-2016)
Ukutyeba kakhulu komntwana kuyanda kwihlabathi liphela, kunye nezigidi ezingama-43 zokutyeba kakhulu kunye nokutyeba kwabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu (iHarvard, 2010).
1 kubantwana aba-6 abaneminyaka emi-2 ukuya kweli-19 batyebile (Uphando lweSizwe lwezeMpilo kunye novavanyo lweSondlo, 2013-2014).
Ukutyeba kakhulu kuxhaphake kakhulu phakathi kweminyaka emi-6 ukuya kweli-19 ubudala kunakwiminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwengama-5 ubudala. (IZiko leLizwe lezibalo zezeMpilo, 2015-2016)

Ukutyeba kakhulu kunye nempilo iyonke

Ukutyeba kakhulu kungathintela umgangatho wobomi bomntu kwaye ube neziphumo ezibi zempilo njengokukhula kwesifo sentliziyo, ukubetha, uhlobo lwesifo seswekile, umhlaza, icholesterol ephezulu, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, iingxaki zokudibanisa kunye nokuphefumla kokulala.

Kukho ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2.8 zezibhedlele ezihlala minyaka le e-US, apho ukutyeba kakhulu kungunobangela okanye igalelo. (Iindleko zeMpilo kunye neProjekthi yokuSebenzisa(2012)
Phantse abantu abangama-300,000 babulawa kukutya kakhulu eMelika minyaka le. (Iziko leSizwe loLwazi lweBiotechnology(2004)

Ezinxulumene: Izinto ezili-9 onokuzenza ukuthintela umhlaza

Iindleko zokutyeba kakhulu

Iindleko zokhathalelo lonyango ziphantse zayi- $ 150 yezigidigidi ngonyaka e-US (Amaziko oLawulo noThintelo lwezifo, 2020)
Abantu abatyebe kakhulu bachitha malunga ne-1,500 yeedola kukhathalelo lonyango ngokwabo kunabantu abanobunzima obusempilweni. (Iindleko zeMpilo kunye neProjekthi yokuSebenzisa(2012)
Iindleko zonyango ezinxulumene nokukhuluphala zinokunyuka nge- $ 48 ukuya kwi-66 yezigidigidi ngonyaka ngonyaka wama-2030. (IHarvard, 2020)

Unobangela wokutyeba kakhulu

Ukutyeba kucingelwa ukuba kubangelwa kukudibana komzimba, kwengqondo, okusingqongileyo, kunye / okanye umngcipheko wemfuza. Ezinye izifo kunye neemeko zonyango zinokubangela okanye zibe negalelo ekutyebeni kakhulu.

Nazi ezinye zezinto ezibangela ukutyeba:

Indlela yokuphila , kubandakanya ukutya ukutya okungenampilo, okwenziweyo kunye nokuqhotsiweyo; ukungasebenzi; kunye nokutshaya kungakhokelela ekutyebeni kakhulu.
Imbali yosapho yokutyeba kakhulu kunokuthetha ukuba umntu ugcina amanqatha ngokwahlukileyo kwaye atye ukutya kancinci. Zombini ezi zinto zinokuba negalelo ekutyebeni kakhulu.
Iingxaki zentlalo nezoqoqosho zibumba imikhwa yethu yempilo. Umzekelo, abantwana abangafundiswanga ukutya ukutya okusempilweni okanye ukwenza umthambo kunokwenzeka ukuba batyebe. Olunye uphononongo lubonisa ukuba ukuba nengeniso ephantsi kunokuba negalelo ekutyebeni kakhulu ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezixhobo zokuthenga ukutya okusempilweni.
Iimeko zonyango eziphantsi, Njenge-polycystic ovary syndrome okanye isifo sikaCushing, sinokuba negalelo ekuzuzeni ubunzima kunye nokukhuluphala. Jonga olu luhlu lwamayeza abangela ukutyeba .

Ukuthintela ukutyeba kakhulu

Ukuthintela ukutyeba kakhulu kubandakanya indibaniselwano yeenguqu ezininzi, ezinje:

Umsebenzi womzimba
Ukutya ukutya okusempilweni
Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo
Ukunciphisa ixesha lesikrini
Ukuphepha ukutya okwenziweyo
Ukutya ukutya okuninzi kwefayibha
Ukuba nenkxaso eyomeleleyo kunye neqela lentlalontle

Ukuthintela ukutyeba kakhulu ngumcimbi ontsonkothileyo, utshilo uTaylor Graber, MD, umnini I-ASAP IVs . Ukutya ukutya okunesondlo okuneziqhamo, imifuno, ukutya okunamafutha asezantsi / intlanzi / iinkuku, kudityaniswa nemithambo eyaneleyo yokutya okunesondlo ukugcina ikhalori engathathi hlangothi okanye ukutya okushiye ikhalori kufanelekile.

Ezinxulumene: Ngaba iapile cider iviniga inganceda ukunciphisa umzimba?

Oogqirha abaninzi abanjengoGqirha Graber basebenzisana nezigulana ekuncedeni ukulwa ukutyeba, kwaye kukho imibutho emininzi kunye namaziko ajolise ekuthinteleni, ekunyangeni nasekuphakamiseni ulwazi malunga nokutyeba kakhulu. Nayi eminye imibutho kunye namaziko ajolise ekutyebeni kakhulu kunye nokuthintela ukutyeba kakhulu:

Singa! iphehlelele i- ikharityhulam yemfundo yezempilo ukufundisa abantwana abaneminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwemi-5 malunga nokwenza ukhetho olusempilweni.
Umbutho weHlabathi we-Obesity Federation isekiwe Usuku lwehlabathi lokuTyeba ngowama-2015 ukwamkela imibutho kwihlabathi liphela kunye nokwandisa ulwazi malunga nengxaki yokutyeba kwihlabathi liphela.
IZiko leSizwe loMgangatho weMpilo yaBantwana ifikelelwe Abantu abayi-149,000 ukuya kuma-232,000 ngomyalezo wendawo malunga nobunzima obuphilileyo kwaye uqeqeshwe ngaphezulu kwe Ngama-350 iinkokheli zasekuhlaleni ukusebenza namagosa ezempilo oluntu ukunqanda ukutyeba kwiindawo abahlala kuzo.
Umdibaniso weSenzo sokuTyebaIxhasa ngaphezulu koku Abantu abangama-70,000 nokutyeba kakhulu ukulwa nokukhetha ubunzima kunye nocalucalulo.

Unyango lokutyeba kakhulu

Ukunyanga ukutyeba kuya kubandakanya enye okanye ngaphezulu koku kulandelayo:

Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila
Ukwenza umthambo
Ukutya usempilweni
Amayeza
Utyando lweBariatric
Iinkqubo zolawulo lobunzima
Iinkqubo zebhaluni zesisu

Nazi iindlela ezaziwayo nezaziwayo zokutyeba kakhulu:

ISaxenda
Kuchasana
Qsymia
Pha
Xenical
IBelviq (nangona, UBelviq warhoxiswa ukusuka kwimarike yaseMelika ngoFebruwari 2020)

Ezinxulumene: Ngaba phentermine ukunciphisa umzimba ekhuselekileyo?

Abanye amayeza amatsha , njengeearhente zenkqubo yeemvakalelo eziphambili kunye neearhente ezithile zesisu, zinokunceda ukunciphisa umzimba. La machiza okwangoku akulingo lweklinikhi.

Eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokufunda okungakumbi ngonyango lokutyeba kakhulu kunye namayeza kukuthetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo. Uya kuba nakho ukwenza isicwangciso sonyango ukukunceda ufikelele kubunzima obusempilweni.

Fumana ikhadi lesaphulelo somntu ongatshatanga

Imibuzo yokutyeba kunye neempendulo

Kutheni ukutyeba kuxhaphake kangaka?

Zininzi izizathu zokuba kutheni ukutyeba kakhulu kuqheleke. Abantu batya ukutya okucutshungulweyo kunye okunamafutha aphezulu, batya iinxalenye ezinkulu, benza umthambo omncinci, kwaye bachitha ixesha elininzi phambi kwezikrini. Ezi zezinye zezizathu zokunyuka kokutyeba kwilizwe jikelele.

Yeyiphi ipesenti yabantu baseMelika abatyebe kakhulu?

Phantse i-40% yabantu abadala baseMelika abaneminyaka engama-20 nangaphezulu batyebe. I-71.6% yabantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-20 nangaphezulu batyebile, kubandakanya ukutyeba kakhulu. ( Uphando lweSizwe lwezeMpilo kunye novavanyo lweSondlo , 2017-2018; Isikolo saseHarvard seMpilo yoLuntu , 2020).

Athini amazwe anabantu abatyebe ngokugqithiseleyo?

La mazwe aneyona ndawo ixhaphakileyo yokukhuluphala, ngamazinga angaphezu kwama-35%:

IAlabama
IArkansas
Iowa
EKentucky
ELouisiana
Nguyen
EMissouri
EMantla Dakota
ENtshona Virginia

Athini amaxabiso akhoyo okutyeba kubantu abadala?

Amaziko oLawulo lweZifo (i-CDC) aqikelela ukuba malunga neepesenti ezingama-40 zabantu abadala eUnited States batyebe kakhulu.

Ngaba ukutyeba kubangela ezinye izifo?

Ukutyeba kakhulu kwandisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa ezinye iimeko zonyango okanye izifo ezinje:

Umhlaza
Seswekile
Isifo sentliziyo
Osteoarthritis
Ukulala ngokuphefumla
Igazi elonyukayo
Ukubetha

Ezinxulumene: Ukuguqula i-prediabetes ngokutya

Ngaba izifo ezithile zinokubangela ukutyeba kakhulu?

Ezinye izifo zinokubangela okanye zibe negalelo ekutyebeni kakhulu:

Isifo sikaCushing
Isifo sePolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
IHypothyroidism
Ukuxhathisa kwe-insulin

Bangaphi abantu abafayo kukutyeba?

Ngelishwa, ukutyeba kakhulu kunokubangela ukufa kwangaphambi kwexesha, kwaye nangona kunzima ukwazi ngokuthe ngqo ukuba bangaphi abantu abafayo kukutyeba, abanye izifundo uqikelelo lokuba ama-300,000 asweleka kukutyeba minyaka le e-U.S.