Uvavanyo lomhlaza olufunwayo ngamadoda

Imfundo yezeMpilo

Cinga ngawo onke amadoda kusapho lwakho-ootata, ootatomkhulu, abantakwenu, oomalume. Ngokwezibalo, 1 kuyo yonke i-9 yabo iya kufunyaniswa inesifo somhlaza wedlala lobudoda ngexesha elithile lobomi bayo. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba, ngokuvavanywa komhlaza ekunene, phantse bonke baya kuphila. Xa kufunyaniswa ukuba umhlaza wedlala lobudoda ufumanekile kumanqanaba okuqala-oko kukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba umhlaza usasazeke uye kwindawo ekude yomzimba-izinga lokusinda liphantse layi-100%, ngokwe SEER (Ukujonga, i-Epidemiology, kunye neZiphumo zokuGcina), egcinwe liZiko leSizwe loMhlaza (i-NCI) .

Ngapha koko, uninzi lomhlaza lunamazinga aphezulu okusinda xa oogqirha bezibamba kwangethuba. Kungenxa yoko le nto ifayile ye- I-NCI icebisa ukuhlolwa komhlaza emadodeni Olona hlobo lomhlaza luqhelekileyo kwiminyaka ethile.

Ngubani omele ahlolwe umhlaza?

Onke amadoda kufuneka ahlolwe umhlaza wedlala lobudoda, umhlaza wekolon kunye nomhlaza wamatyhalarha, utsho UAnjali Malik, MD , ingcali ye-radiologist kunye nomhlaza eWashington, DC. Amadoda anobungozi obukhulu, njengabantu abatshayayo okanye abantu abanembali yosapho, kufuneka nabo bahlolwe umhlaza wemiphunga kunye nomhlaza wolusu. Kwaye abantu abane-syndromes ezithile zemfuza, abathatha amayeza athile, okanye abanembali yosapho yomhlaza wepancreatic kufuneka nabo bahlolwe.

Kodwa uza kuthini ukuba usempilweni kwaye awunabungozi kumhlaza?

Uvavanyo lokuhlola olwenzelwe izigulana ezingenasifo, kungoko ke abo bakwimpilo entle befuna ukuhlolwa rhoqo ngesikhokelo seNCCN, utshilo uGqirha Malik. NCCN yiNethiwekhi yeSizwe ePheleleyo yoMhlaza. Izikhokelo zayo zamkelwe njengomgangatho wokuziqhelanisa nokunyanga umhlaza.

Amadoda kufuneka ahlolwe nini ukuba unomhlaza?

Uhlobo ngalunye lomhlaza lunezinto ezinobungozi ezinxulumene nobudala. Landela esi sikhokelo kuvavanyo lomhlaza kumadoda ngokobudala nangohlobo lomhlaza, okanye sebenzisa amakhonkco angezantsi ukutsiba uye kwicandelo.

• Umhlaza wedlala lobudoda
• Umhlaza wamatyhalarha
• Colorectal (ikholoni) umhlaza
• Eminye imihlaza

Umhlaza wedlala lobudoda

Ubudala bokuvavanywa komhlaza wedlala lesinyi: Uvavanyo lonyaka kufuneka luqale kubudala beminyaka engama-40 kumadoda anedigri yokuqala enesihlobo esine-Prostate okanye umhlaza webele, utsho Kwaye iSperling , MD, umlawuli wezonyango kwiziko iSperling Prostate eDelray Beach, eFlorida. Kumadoda ase-Afrika aseMelika angenayo eminye imingcipheko, kunye namadoda anazo zonke ezinye izinto ezinobungozi iminyaka yokuqalisa ukuhlola ayi-45, kunye nama-50 eminyaka kuwo onke amadoda. Uyaphawula ukuba Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noKhuseleko (CDC) izikhokelo cebisa ukulahla iimvavanyo zeprotate yamadoda aneminyaka engama-70 ukuba bakwimpilo entle. Kodwa ukusukela ukuba amadoda amadala athanda ukuba nesifo esihlasela ngakumbi ukuba bafunyaniswe sele bekhulile, uGqirha Sperling ucebisa ukuba kuqhubeke iimvavanyo zonyaka okoko indoda ineminyaka eli-10 ubuncinci yobude bokuphila.

Imiba yomngcipheko: Umhlaza wokuqala wendlala awunazo kwaphela iimpawu, utshilo uGqirha Sperling. Ke amadoda anezi zinto zilandelayo zomngcipheko kufuneka kuvavanyo lwegazi lwe-PSA lonyaka oluqala kwiminyaka engama-45: imbali yosapho yeprostate okanye umhlaza webele; ubuhlanga (amadoda ase-Afrika aseMelika abonakala ngathi asemngciphekweni omkhulu, nangona oku kuye kwabuzwa njengesixhobo sezoqoqosho kunye nejografi); ubudala (umngcipheko womhlaza wedlala lobudoda uyenyuka njengamadoda ubudala); Ukuvezwa kwezinto ezinobuthi ezinje ngeAgent Orange, njl .; imikhwa emibi yokuphila enxulunyaniswa nokutyeba kakhulu, ukudumba, kunye neswekile.

Indlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko: Uninzi lomngcipheko womhlaza wedlala lobudoda ungaphaya kolawulo lwakho. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza ngokutya amanqatha asezantsi, ukutya okunesondlo esininzi, ukuzilolonga rhoqo, kunye nokugcina ubunzima bomzimba osempilweni.

Uvavanyo lokuhlola: Ukuvavanywa komhlaza wesibeletho kunokubandakanya olunye okanye nangaphezulu kwezi mvavanyo zilandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-PSA (Prostate-specific antigen): lubona amanqanaba aphakamileyo e-PSA egazini, enokuthi ibonakalise umhlaza wedlala lobudoda.
• Uvavanyo lwe-rectal rectal (DRE): Ugqirha ufaka iigloves, igrisi egalelwe i-rectum yakho ukuze uzive ngesandla i-Prostate yakho enezigaxa okanye ukwandiswa.
• IProstate MRI (imaging resonance imaging): Ukucinga usebenzisa umazibuthe onamandla ukubonisa umfanekiso weprostate yakho.

Ugqirha Sperling usixelela ukuba kwixa elidlulileyo, uhlolo lwalusenziwa kuphela luvavanyo lwegazi lwe-PSA kunye ne-DRE, ekhokelele ekufumanekeni komhlaza wedlala lobuchwephesha. Kungenxa yokuba into efunyenwe kuvavanyo lwe-PSA ikhoyo nakumadoda anentsholongwane okanye ukudumba kweprostate. Kwaye iprostate eyandisiweyo ngamanye amaxesha ibangelwa yi-benign prostatic hyperplasia, engengomhlaza.

Ucebisa ukuba amadoda afumane uvavanyo lwe-PSA lonyaka. Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo ziphezulu, uvavanyo lwe-PSA kufuneka luphindwe. Ukuba ukuphindaphinda kusarhanela, uGqr Sperling ucebisa ukuba iMultametric MRI (mpMRI) ithintele ukuxilongwa okungalunganga.

Olu hlobo lokucinga okungenani ngama-95% ngokuchanekileyo ekufumaneni amathumba anokuba yingozi anokufuna olunye unyango, utshilo uGqirha Sperling. Kananjalo, oku kungachongwa yi-biopsy ejolise ngqo kwi-MRI, esebenzisa iinaliti ezincinci ezijolise kwindawo ekrokrisayo ukuze zichane ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuba unomdla kumhlaza, unyango olulungiselelwe iimfuno zomntu lunokucwangciswa.

Abantu abanyangwa nge-testosterone eyongezelelekileyo kwi-hypogonadism nabo bajongelwa umhlaza webala lobudoda.

Ezinxulumene: Unyango lweprostate kunye namayeza

Umhlaza wamatyhalarha

Ubudala bokuvavanywa komhlaza: Uvavanyo lomzimba wamatyhalarha kufuneka luqale kwiminyaka eyi-15 kwaye kufuneka lwenzeke qho ngonyaka kutyelelo lwamadoda onke. Nangona kunjalo, ifayile ye- i-CDC ithi abukho ubungqina obaneleyo bokuba uhlolo linciphisa ukufa ukucebisa ukuhlolwa rhoqo.

Imiba yomngcipheko: Ngokutsho kweNCI, Umhlaza wamatyhalarha unqabile . Ixhaphake kakhulu emadodeni nakumakhwenkwe aphakathi kweminyaka eli-15 nengama-34 ubudala. Amadoda amhlophe aphindwe kane kunamadoda amnyama ukuba abe nolu hlobo lomhlaza. Ukuba ne-testicle engafunekiyo kukwayinto enobungozi.

Indlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko: Akukho ndlela yokunciphisa ngokwenene umngcipheko womhlaza wamatyhalarha, yiyo loo nto iimviwo zokuhlolwa konyaka zibaluleke kakhulu. Umhlaza wamatyhalarha uyanyangeka, nokuba ubhaqwe sele ugqithile.

Uvavanyo lokuhlola: Akukho luvavanyo lusemthethweni lokuvavanywa komhlaza wamatyhalarha. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wakho kufuneka avavanye amasende akho kuvavanyo lwakho lonyaka, uziva nawaphi na amaqhuma asolisayo. Rhoqo umhlaza wamatyhalarha uqala ukufunyanwa ngamadoda ngokwawo, nokuba kungokuzenzekela okanye ngexesha lokuzivavanya.

Colorectal (ikholoni) umhlaza

Ubudala bokuhlolwa komhlaza wekolon : Ukuvavanywa komhlaza wekolon kufuneka kuqale kungaphelanga iminyaka engama-50, nangona kunjalo, uninzi loluntu luqala ukucebisa ukuhlolwa kwangoko [kwiminyaka engama-40] njengoko sibona amatyala amancinci nancinci omhlaza wekolon, utsho URebecca Berens , MD, ugqirha wosapho kunye nomnini weVida yoNyango loSapho eHouston.

Inkqubo ye- I-CDC icebisa Ukuvavanywa ukuqala kubudala beminyaka engama-50. Nangona, isigqibo sokuqala ukuvavanywa kuwo nawuphi na umhlaza kufuneka senziwe sodwa ngokubhekisele kwimingcipheko yomntu. Kubantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu womhlaza wekolon, ukuhlolwa kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuqale kwangoko. Amadoda kufuneka afumane uvavanyo lwe-fecal immunochemical ngonyaka. IiColonoscopies ziyacetyiswa xa kufunyanwa iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga zovavanyo lwelindle, okanye yonke iminyaka eli-10 ukuba zonke iziphumo zovavanyo ziqhelekile. Ukuba i-colonoscopy ibonisa naziphi na iipolyps, kunokufuna ukuphindwaphindwa rhoqo, utshilo uGqirha Berens. Ukuvavanywa komhlaza wekolon kuyacetyiswa kude kube yiminyaka engama-75, kodwa kunokuqhubeka emva kweminyaka engama-75 ngokusekwe kwingxoxo ebodwa phakathi kwesigulana nogqirha waso.

Imiba yomngcipheko: Imingcipheko ephambili yomhlaza wekolon yiminyaka yobudala, yemfuza, yimbali yosapho, kunye nembali yobuqu yezifo zesisu ezivuthayo. Ukutya okungalunganga (ngakumbi ukutya okuncinci kwifibre / iziqhamo kunye nemifuno kunye nokutya okucutshungulweyo), ukungasebenzi komzimba, ukusebenzisa icuba, kunye nokusela utywala nako kukonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wekolon, utshilo uGqirha Berens.

Indlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko: Yitya ukutya okunefayibha okuneziqhamo kunye nemifuno kunye nokutya okuncinci okusetyenzisiweyo ukunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wekolon. Ukuzivocavoca, hlala ukhuthele, kwaye uphephe icuba kunye notywala. Ukunciphisa inyama ebomvu kuyanceda ekunciphiseni izehlo zomhlaza wekolon.

Uvavanyo lokuhlola: Kukho ezimbalwa ukhetho lokuvavanywa komhlaza wekolon . I-colonoscopy kunye novavanyo lwe-fecal zezona ziqhelekileyo. Xa ufumana uvavanyo lwelindle, ugqirha uqokelela isampulu yestool ukukhangela imijelo encinci yegazi kwisitulo sakho. Ukuba kukho naliphi na igazi konke konke, ugqirha wakho kufuneka ayalele ikholonoscopy. Isandi se-colonoscopy sisoyikeka kwabanye abantu, kodwa ayinabuhlungu. Ngethuba lovavanyo, ugqirha wakho ufaka isixhobo eside, esiguquguqukayo kwi-rectum yakho nayo yonke indlela emathunjini akho amakhulu. Oku kuya kugqithisa umfanekiso wangaphakathi kwikholoni yakho ukuze ugqirha awuvavanye ngokungaqhelekanga.

Eminye imihlaza

Uninzi lwamadoda luya kufuna ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwi-prostate, testicular, kunye ne-colon cancer. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka undwendwele kakuhle unyaka nogqirha kunye nonyango lwakho oluphambili kwaye ubuze ukuba ngaba unazo naziphi na iimeko zomngcipheko okhethekileyo ezinokuthi kufuneke ukuba kuhlolwe ezinye iicancer, ezinjengesikhumba, umphunga, okanye umhlaza wepancreatic.

Imingcipheko yomnye umhlaza ibandakanya:

• Ukutshaya
• Ukusetyenziswa kotywala
• Imbali yosapho
• Ukutya okungafanelekanga
• Imfuza
• Amayeza athile
• Ukutyeba kakhulu
• Izifo ezithile

Olu ayilo luhlu olupheleleyo. Xoxa ngeemfuno zakho zempilo kunye nogqirha wakho oyintloko.

Ezinxulumene: Izinto ezili-9 onokuzenza ukuthintela umhlaza

Ixabisa malini ukuvavanywa komhlaza?

I-Medicare, iMedicaid, kunye nezicwangciso ezininzi zeinshurensi zigubungela ukuhlolwa komhlaza okucetyiswayo ngokusekwe kubudala bakho kunye nezinye izinto ezinobungozi. Kodwa nokuba awunayo i-inshurensi yokugubungela, kukho iindlela zokufumana ukuhlolwa komhlaza simahla.

Uvavanyo lwasimahla lwe-PSA / lweedigital rectal ziyafumaneka ngamaxesha athile kwiindawo ezininzi, utshilo uGqirha Sperling, ebhekisa ekuhlolweni komhlaza simahla kumasebe ezempilo kurhulumente nakwasekhaya. Amasebe amaninzi ezempilo abonelela ngokuvavanywa komhlaza wamakholon simahla kunye nowe testicular. Jonga nesebe lakho lezempilo ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba bayakunikezela na ukuhlolwa.

Unokufumana indawo yasimahla yokuvavanya umhlaza kwilungu elingenzi nzuzo I-Zero: Ukuphela kweCancer Prostate , kunye nokuvavanywa simahla komhlaza wekolon e Yeka iCancer Colon ngoku .