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Uwuthintela njani umkhuhlane

Imfundo yezeMpilo

Umkhuhlane wamaxesha athile udla ngokucinga ukuba unobungozi — awonwabisi, kodwa awunabungozi njengomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Inyaniso malunga nomkhuhlane ibaluleke kakhulu. Iimpawu zomkhuhlane zibandakanya umkhuhlane, iintloko eziqaqambayo, izihlunu kunye nokuqaqamba komzimba, ukukhohlela, ukuthimla, ukuxinana, impumlo egudileyo, impumlo egobileyo, umqala obuhlungu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iimpawu zesisu. Kodwa abaninzi abaqondi ukuba umkhuhlane nawo unakho kubangela iingxaki ezinzulu njenge-pneumonia, ukonakala kweemeko ezikhoyo zempilo-njengesifo sentliziyo kunye nesifo semiphunga, ukulaliswa esibhedlele, nkqu nokufa. (Kwaye ayiyicingi nokuyicinga into yokuba ixesha lomkhuhlane le-2020-2021 liza kuqhubeka ngaxeshanye nesibetho se-COVID-19.)

Ngexesha le-2018-2019 yexesha lomkhuhlane, amaZiko oLawulo lweZifo kunye noThintelo (CDC) aqikelela ukuba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-42.9 yezigidi zabantu abagulayo, abantu abangama-647,000 balaliswa esibhedlele, kwaye i-36,400-61,200 yasweleka, utshilo uKumar Dharmarajan, MD, igosa lenzululwazi eliyintloko Impilo yeClover . Ukuthintela umkhuhlane kubaluleke kakhulu kumntu nakubantu bonke.

Umkhuhlane udubula yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuthintela ukubamba nokusasaza umkhuhlane; kodwa ucoceko olufana nokuhlamba izandla, ukucoceka komhlaba, kunye nokukhetha okunempilo kunokuhamba indlela ende ukunqanda ukusasazeka komkhuhlane.

Usasazeka njani umkhuhlane?

Ngokubanzi, abantu abosulelwe ngumkhuhlane bayosulela kusuku olunye phambi kokuba bazive begula kude kube ziintsuku ezintlanu ukuya kwezisixhenxe emva kokugula , kodwa oku kungahluka. Ngokwezifundo [zophando], kwezinye iimeko, sisiqingatha kuphela sabantu abosulelekileyo abaya kuba neempawu, utshilo uGqirha Dharmarajan. Oko kuthetha ukuba ungazi ngokupheleleyo ukuba unomkhuhlane, kodwa unayo intsholongwane emzimbeni wakho kwaye ukwazi ukuyidlulisela kwabanye.

Le ntsholongwane isasazeka ngamathontsi omzimba , apho umntu anganxibelelana ngokusondeleyo ngokukhohlela, ukuthimla, okanye ngokuthinta iindawo ezingcolisekileyo ezinjengee-doorknobs.

Ngenxa yokuba ngaphezulu kwentsholongwane yomkhuhlane ejikeleza ixesha ngalinye lomkhuhlane, kwaye ezo ntlobo zitshintsha unyaka nonyaka, usesichengeni sokubamba umkhuhlane ukuba sele unawo umkhuhlane, kwanangoku.

Isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane yeyona ndlela yokuzikhusela

Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu enokwenziwa ngabantu ukulwa ukusasazeka komkhuhlane, kunye nokuzikhusela, kukufumana isitofu sokugonya umkhuhlane (ngokudutyulwa ngumkhuhlane okanye isitofu sokutshiza ngeempumlo) nganye nganye unyaka. Umkhuhlane umlo kukuphela kokuzikhusela okwenza impendulo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ngokukodwa kwintsholongwane yomkhuhlane ngokwawo.

I-CDC icebisa ukuba umkhuhlane udubule wonke umntu oneminyaka eyi-6 iinyanga nangaphezulu, utshilo uGqirha Dharmarajan. Isitofu sokugonya sibaluleke kakhulu kubemi abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wosulelo olomeleleyo, njengabantwana abancinci abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5, abantu abadala abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50, abasetyhini abakhulelweyo, kunye nabo baneemeko ezingapheliyo.

Kukho iinguqulelo ezingenamaqanda ngoku kwabo boyika ukungabikho kweqanda kuthintela ukukhuselwa kwabo, utshilo uJoshua Septimus, MD, amayeza angaphakathi kunye noprofesa onxulumene nonyango lwezonyango Isibhedlele saseHouston Methodist .

UGqirha Septimus ugxininisa ukubaluleka kokudubula komkhuhlane kubantu abakhulelweyo. Abafazi abakhulelweyo basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba neengxaki ezibulalayo zomkhuhlane, utshilo uGqirha Septimus. Bonke abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kunye nabathandekayo babo kufuneka benze ugonyo lomkhuhlane lube yinto ephambili. Ukufumana isitofu sokugonya umkhuhlane ngelixa ukhulelweyo kunokukhusela iintsana kwiinyanga ezisemva kokuba bezelwe, xa bebancinci kakhulu ukuba bangagonywa.

Ezinxulumene: Yonke into omele uyazi malunga nokufumana umkhuhlane xa ukhulelwe

Umkhuhlane wokudubula ungohluka ngokusebenza unyaka nonyaka kwaye usuke emntwini uye emntwini, kodwa ukusebenza ngokukuko kwebhola kuphakathi 40% kunye ne-60% xa uninzi lweentsholongwane ezijikelezayo zomkhuhlane zihambelana kakuhle nokugonya. Nangona ukudubula kungasebenzi nge-100%, kusabaluleke kakhulu ukufumana umkhuhlane.

Umkhuhlane awuthinteli abantu abaninzi ekufumaneni umkhuhlane, kodwa uthintela nabani na ukuba angosuleleka ekuguleni, njalo njalo. Bambalwa abantu abagulayo, kokukhona kusasazeka okuncinci.

Isitofu sokugonya sikwanceda ukukhusela kwiingxaki ezinzulu zomkhuhlane, nokuba umntu ogonyiwe uyosuleleka. Ngexesha lomkhuhlane we-2018-2019, umkhuhlane wadubula kuqikelelwa ukuba kuthintelwe i-4.4 yezigidi zezifo zomkhuhlane, ukutyelelwa kwezonyango okunxulumene nomkhuhlane, kunye nezibhedlele ezinxulumene nomkhuhlane ezingama-58,000. Ugonyo lomkhuhlane lusindisa ubomi babantwana kwaye lubonakalisiwe ukunciphisa ukuhlala kwe-PICU enxulumene nomkhuhlane kubantwana ngama-74%.

Zininzi iindlela zokwahlulahlulahlula umkhuhlane, enye yazo nokuba ngaba zi trivalent (izinto ezintathu) okanye ikota yesine (icandelo ezine) ukuqulunqa. Iimveliso ezahlukeneyo Zikhona phantsi kodidi ngalunye, kwaye zinokukhethwa ngokuxhomekeke kubudala kunye / okanye ezinye iimfuno zesigulana.

Kuya kufuneka ukuba umkhuhlane wakho udutyulwe ukuphela kuka-Okthobha unyaka nonyaka, kodwa kuba kuthatha iiveki ezimbini ukuba usebenze emva kwenaliti, kungcono ngaphambili. Ukuba ulinda de abanye ekuhlaleni baqale ukuza nomkhuhlane, uya kushiya ubuthathaka ngexesha lefestile phakathi kwexesha ofumana ngalo kunye nexesha lokukhusela, uGqr Dharmarajan uyacacisa.

Nokuba uphulukene nomhla obekiweyo ka-Okthobha, awukashiywa lixesha ukuba ugonywe. Ixesha lomkhuhlane liqala ngoMeyi, ngoko ke kungcono emva kwexesha kunangaphambili.

Ngelixa kuninzi ulwazi olungelulo oluchanekileyo malunga nomkhuhlane, inyani kukuba yindlela ekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo yokuthintela umkhuhlane kunye neengxaki zomkhuhlane.

Ezinxulumene: Iintsomi ezi-7 eziqhelekileyo malunga nomkhuhlane wadutyulwa

Ungawuthintela njani umkhuhlane (amanyathelo ali-9 emva kokuhlaselwa ngumkhuhlane)

Ngelixa umkhuhlane udubule inamba yokuzikhusela, akhona amanye amanyathelo esinokuwathatha ukucothisa okanye ukuthintela ukusasazeka komkhuhlane.

Hlala ekhaya ngelixa ugula. Ukuhlala kude nabanye abantu akuyi kwenza lukhulu kwisifo sakho, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu kuthintelo lomkhuhlane. Nokuba uziva uphile ngokwaneleyo ukuba ungasebenza okanye usebenze kwezinye izinto, usenokosulela umntu osemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nengxaki yomkhuhlane. Kukwanjalo nokugcina abantwana ekhaya besesikolweni xa begula.
Hlamba izandla zakho. Hlamba izandla zakho, ngaphezu kokuba ucinga ukuba kufuneka, uGqirha Dharmarajan ucebisa. Sebenzisa isepha kunye namanzi afudumeleyo, thambisa ngamandla kangangemizuzwana engama-20 (zama ukucula ingoma yabantwana njengoMary had a Little Lamb okanye Happy Birthday-kabini) kwaye womise izandla zakho. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, sebenzisa itawuli yephepha ukucima impompo. Ukuhlamba izandla rhoqo kubalulekile xa ugula okanye ungaguli. Phatha i-sanitizer yesandla esekwe etywaleni ngamaxesha apho ukuhlamba izandla kungenakwenzeka.
Isimbozo sokukhohlela nokuthimla. Ukukhwehlela kunye nokuthimla kunokubangela ukuba amathontsi ahambe ngaphezulu kweenyawo ezingama-20 , kwaye amathontsi anokuhlala emisiwe emoyeni kangangemizuzu eli-10. Nabani na osemgceni womlilo, okanye ochukumisa nantoni na eyiyo, uya kuba sengozini yeentsholongwane zomkhuhlane. Endaweni yokuvala umlomo ngezandla zakho, sebenzisa ingaphakathi lengqiniba okanye umkhono wakho ongaphezulu.
Kuphephe ukubamba ubuso bakho. Awunakho ukuhlamba izandla rhoqo emva kwemizuzwana emihlanu, ke thintela naziphi na iintsholongwane onokuba nazo esandleni sakho ukuba zingene ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho ngokugcina izandla zakho zingabikho ebusweni bakho. Yinto enzima ukuyaphula, kodwa kufanelekile!
Nxiba imaski. Xa ukwindawo zikawonke-wonke ngaphandle kosapho lwakho okanye indawo yokuzalela, qiniseka ukunxiba isigqubuthelo ebusweni. Oku kuya kunceda ukukhusela kwi-COVID-19 kunye nomkhuhlane.
Gcina iindawo zoluntu zicocekile. Iifowuni, iibhokisi zeminyango, nayo nayiphi na into yabantu abasebenzisa indawo yakho kufuneka icocwe ngesibulali-ntsholongwane rhoqo.
Lala ngokwaneleyo. Nangona oku kungayi kuthintela ngokuthe ngqo umkhuhlane, ukulala ngokwaneleyo kubalulekile kwimpilo yakho esempilweni, ethi yona incede amajoni akho omzimba alwe nentsholongwane yomkhuhlane. Cwangcisa iiyure ezisibhozo zokulala ngomgangatho ubusuku ngabunye.
Sela iziselo ezininzi, yitya kakuhle, kwaye uhlale udlamkile. Njengokulala, oku akukhuseli ngokuthe ngqo kumkhuhlane, kodwa kunceda ukugcina umzimba wakho uphilile ngokubanzi kwaye ukwazi kangcono ukuphatha iintsholongwane ezizayo.
Hlala kude nokutshaya. Ukutshaya akwenzeki ukuba ubambe umkhuhlane kuphela, kwenza kube nzima ukulwa nentsholongwane xa sele ugula, utshilo uGqirha Dharmarajan. Nokuba umsi otshaywayo unokubangela ukuxinana kwakho nokukhohlela ngexesha lomkhuhlane. Kuyafana ukuba wenza isivumelwano ne-COVID-19.

Uthintela njani umkhuhlane ekusasazeni endlwini yakho

Ukuhlala ekhaya ngelixa ugula kubalulekile-kodwa kwenzeka ntoni xa umntu ekhayeni lakho egula, kanti wena awunguye (kwaye awufuni ukuba njalo)? Lixesha lokuba ubeke imithetho yasendlwini yokugula.

Gcina umntu ogulayo ebekelwe bucala kangangoko kunokwenzeka . Ukuba banokuba negumbi, kwanegumbi lokuhlambela ngokwabo, oko kunciphisa umngcipheko kwabanye.
Nxiba imaski. Umntu ogulayo unakho ukunxiba imaski, okanye abanye basekhaya banako. Okanye zombini, ukuba ufuna ukulumka ngakumbi!
Sebenzisa izicwili kunye neetawuli. Akukho kwabelana! Yibane akukho-thintela inkunkuma izihlunu ezisetyenzisiweyo.
Bulala iintsholongwane kwimiphezulu. Qinisekisa ukuba iintsholongwane umphezulu-musa nje ukucoca. Ukucoca kuyakukhathalela ukungcola, kodwa ukubulala iintsholongwane kuphela kuya kubulala intsholongwane. Sebenzisa isisombululo esichaza kwileyibhile ukuba ibulala iintsholongwane zomkhuhlane. Ngenye indlela, ungaxuba ¼ ikomityi ye-chlorine bleach kwilitha enye yamanzi ashushu. Ezinye zeendawo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe zibandakanya:
- Iibhokhwe zomnyango
- Ukutshintsha ukukhanya
- Izibambo
- Oonomyayi
- Izinto zokudlala
- Iithebhulethi
- Izixhobo zokubala
- Usihlalo emiqolo
- Nayo nayiphi na enye indawo abantu abachukumisa rhoqo

Ungawuthintela njani umkhuhlane ngokwendalo

Ngelishwa, ivithamin C kunye namanye amayeza endalo awakhange abonakaliswe ngokuqinisekileyo ukuthintela umkhuhlane, utshilo uGqirha Dharmarajan. Ukutya ukutya okunesondlo kunye nokutya okupheleleyo, ukuzilolonga, ukunqanda ukutshaya, kunye nokuhlala usempilweni kuhlala kubalulekile, kodwa qiniseka ukuba ufumana umkhuhlane nawo.

UGqirha Septimus uthe ngqo ngakumbi: Ndicebisa ngokuchasene nabo, utsho.

Lumka iindawo zentengiso yomkhuhlane ezitshintshileyo okanye ezinye iimveliso ezibanga ukuthintela umkhuhlane ngokuthe ngqo. Ngelixa ukugcina umzimba wakho ukwimo elungileyo kunokukunceda ekulweni nezifo ngokubanzi, ezi mveliso zihlala zingasebenzi ngokwaneleyo ukomeleza amajoni omzimba, kwaye akukho namnye kubo olwa nomkhuhlane ngokukodwa.

Amanye amayeza endalo, anje ngobusi kwi umqala obuhkungu okanye iti yejinja ye isisu esimoshakele , inokukunceda ngeempawu zomkhuhlane, kodwa eyona ndlela yokuthintela umkhuhlane isengumkhuhlane, ukwenza ucoceko olufanelekileyo, kunye nokwamkela indlela yokuphila esempilweni.

Amayeza anceda ukulwa umkhuhlane

Ngelixa lungekho unyango lomkhuhlane, uNodar Janas, MD, umlawuli wezonyango Upper East Side Rehabilitation kunye Nursing Centre eNew York, ithi kukho amayeza amachiza alwa nentsholongwane anokunceda. Ukuba zilawulwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo, zinokunceda ukunciphisa ubuzaza nokunciphisa ubude beempawu zomkhuhlane, utshilo. Zifumaneka ngugqirha kuphela ke kuya kufuneka wenze uhambo oluya kwiofisi kagqirha wakho. Ezi zi yobisi ziquka:

Igama leziyobisi	Fumana isigqebhezana
Tamiflu	Fumana isigqebhezana
U-Relenza Diskhaler	Fumana isigqebhezana

Ngelixa bengayi kunceda umzimba ukuba ulwe nentsholongwane yomkhuhlane, amanye amayeza angaphaya kwekhawuntare anokunceda ukulawula iimpawu eziza nomkhuhlane. Amanye amayeza anokukunceda uzive ungcono afaka:

Igama leziyobisi	Fumana isigqebhezana
Vicks Nyquil / Dayquil Cold kunye neFlu	Fumana isigqebhezana
I-Theraflu Flu kunye noMqala obuhlungu	Fumana isigqebhezana
UVicks Sinex oQinisekileyo	Fumana isigqebhezana

(Ungasebenzisa ikhadi le-SingleCare ukugcina kula machiza, kodwa umboneleli wakho wezempilo kuya kufuneka abhale amayeza kuqala.) La mayeza anokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kwaye anokusebenzisana namanye amayeza, ke qiniseka ukuba ufunda ilebheli kwaye uthetha usokhemesti wakho phambi kokuba uziqale.

Umkhuhlane uyoyikeka kwaye uyoyikisa, akukho ndlela yakuphika oko. Ngombulelo, ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezicocekileyo zokucoceka, sisebenzela ukugcina imizimba yethu isempilweni ngokusemandleni, kwaye siqinisekisa ukuba umkhuhlane udutyulwa rhoqo ngonyaka, sinokukunceda ukugcina umkhuhlane ubekho. Ngoku hambo hlamba izandla zakho!