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Iinkcukacha-manani ze-OCD 2021

Iindaba

Akuqhelekanga ukuba ube nenkqubo ethile yasekuseni okanye isithethe sangokuhlwa-into oyenzayo phantse yonke imihla. Kwaye ayisiyonto ingaqhelekanga ukufuna ukonwabela ikhaya elicocekileyo okanye indawo yokusebenzela ecocekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uziva uxhalabile xa kukho into engenziwanga njalo okanye ukuba kufuneka ulwe nezinto ezingenangqondo okanye ezingafunekiyo zokuphinda le misebenzi, unokufumanisa ukuba ezi ziimpawu ze-OCD. Nangona i-OCD yayikhe yabekwa kwinqanaba le-10 lezona zigulo zikhubaza umvuzo olahlekileyo kunye nokwehla komgangatho wobomi kwaye ichaphazela 1 kwabangama-40 abadala eUnited States, izibalo ze-OCD akukho lula ukuzifumana kwaye izifundo ezininzi ziphelelwe lixesha. Saqulunqa ezona zibalo ze-OCD zamva nje kwaye ziluncedo ukubonisa ukuxhaphaka kwayo e-US

Yintoni ukuphazamiseka okungafunekiyo?

Ukuphazamiseka okungafunekiyo okunyanzelekileyo (i-OCD) sisifo esinganyangekiyo soxinzelelo apho umntu eneengxaki ezingenangqondo, ezingalawulekiyo, okanye eziphindaphindayo ezilandelwa yimpendulo yokuziphatha. Ukuqwalaselwa ziingcinga eziphindaphindwayo, izibongozo, okanye imifanekiso yengqondo ebangela uxinzelelo. Ukunyanzelwa kukuziphatha okuphindaphindayo umntu one-OCD akuva umnqweno wokukwenza ekuphenduleni ingcinga engalawulekiyo.

Oku kulandelayo ziziindidi ezine zokuziphatha kwe-OCD (ebizwa ngokuba kukunyanzelwa) kunye nemizekelo nganye, ngokwe Iimenyu zeBoduryan-Turner , I-Psy.D, ugqirha wezengqondo osekwe eCalifornia:

Ukunyanzelisa njengokujonga, ukuhlamba izandla, ukutshixa, ukuhambisa izinto, ukujonga, ukuthandaza, okanye ukufuna ulingano.
Ukufuna ukuqinisekiswa ngabantu obathandayo, ngokuchwetheza ukukhangela kuGoogle, okanye ukubuza uSiri.
Ukuphepha izinto ezinje ngokusebenzisana nabantu, izinto, okanye ukuhamba ujikeleza izinto.
Ukunyanzeliswa kwengqondo njengokuphindaphinda amagama, ukubala, ukujonga ngengqondo,i-rumation, visualization, ingcinezelo yokucinga, ukuthomalalisa (endaweni yengcinga engathandekiyo ngento emnandi), kunye nokuphononongwa kwengqondo (ukuphononongwa kwezenzo zangaphambili).

Umjikelo we-OCD uyaqhubeka ngemeko yokusebenza, apho kunyanzelwa iimpendulo zokuziphatha ezinciphisa uxinzelelo. Ukusebenza kokunyanzelwa yinto egxininisa kakubi indlela yokuziphatha ekuphenduleni ukutyeba, ngokukaGqirha Boduryan-Turner.

Ucacisa ukuba ukuba ne-OCD kubuchaphazela kakhulu ubomi bomntu ngenxa yeengcinga eziphazamisayo, ixhala kunye nokungaqiniseki. Ukuthotywa kwe-OCD kuyaphazamiseka kwaye kunokubangelwa nangaliphi na ixesha. Abanye abantu abane-OCD bakufumana kunzima ukushiya indlu kuba indlela yokuziphatha eluntwini inokuba neentloni.

Iqheleke kangakanani i-OCD?

Phantse i-2.3% yabemi ine-OCD, emalunga ne-1 kwabangama-40 abadala kunye ne-1 kwabantwana abali-100 e-U.S.
Ukuxhaphaka kwe-OCD kwinyanga ezili-12 kuphezulu kwabafazi (1.8%) kunamadoda (0.5%). (IHarvard, 2007)
Olunye uphononongo ngo-1992 lwafumanisa ukuba phantse isibini kwisithathu sabantu abane-OCD babenempawu ezinkulu phambi kweminyaka engama-25.
Kwiintsapho ezinembali ye-OCD, kukho ithuba lama-25% lokuba elinye ilungu losapho elisondeleyo liphuhlise iimpawu. ( Ijenali yaseMelika yoNyango lwezoNyango (2005)

Iinkcukacha-manani ze-OCD ngamandla:

Isiqingatha sabantu abadala abane-OCD (50.6%) babenomngcipheko omkhulu ukusukela ngo-2001-2003.
Isinye kwisithathu sabantu abadala abane-OCD (34.8%) babenomngcipheko ophakathi ngo-2001-2003.
Kuphela yi-15% yabantu abadala abane-OCD abanokukhubazeka okuphakathi ngo-2001-2003.

(Isikolo seHarvard Medical, 2007)

Iinkcukacha-manani ze-OCD ngokobudala:

Umndilili weminyaka yokuqala kwe-OCD yiminyaka eli-19.5 ubudala. ( Ukunyangwa kwengqondo, 2008)
Amadoda enza uninzi lwamatyala okuqala kwangoko. Phantse ikota yamadoda inee-onsets ngaphambi kobudala be-10. Uninzi lwabasetyhini lufunyaniswa lune-OCD ngexesha lokufikisa (emva kweminyaka eyi-10). ( Ukunyangwa kwengqondo, 2008)
Abantu abaneminyaka yokuqala yokuqala baneempawu ezinzima ze-OCD kunye namazinga aphezulu e-ADHD kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo. ( Unyango lwezeengqondo, Ngo-2014)

I-OCD kunye nokubakho kweemeko zempilo yengqondo

Uninzi (iipesenti ezingama-90) zabantu abadala ababene-OCD ngaxa lithile ebomini babo babenenye ingxaki yokugula ngengqondo. Imiqathango ehlala ihambelana ne-OCD ibandakanya:

Ukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo, kubandakanya ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, i-phobias, kunye ne-PTSD (75.8%)
Ukuphazamiseka kwemo, kubandakanya nokuphazamiseka okukhulu koxinzelelo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo (63.3%)
Ukuphazamiseka kulawulo lwempembelelo, kubandakanya i-ADHD (55.9%)
Ukuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi (38.6%)

(Ukunyangwa kwengqondo kweMolekyuli, 2008)

Oonobangela be-OCD

Ukudityaniswa kwemfuza, okusingqongileyo, kunye nemeko yomngcipheko we-neurobiological inokubangela i-OCD.Uphando lubonisa ukuba iimpawu ze-OCD zinxulunyaniswa neendawo zonxibelelwano phakathi kweendawo zobuchopho.

Ukungaqheleki kweenkqubo ze-neurotransmitter-iikhemikhali ezinjenge-serotonin, i-dopamine, i-glutamate ethumela imiyalezo phakathi kweeseli zengqondo-nazo ziyabandakanyeka kwesi sifo, utshilo uGqirha Boduryan-Turner. Uphawu oluphambili lwabo bane-OCD kukuba abanayo i-serotonin efumaneka ngokulula kwiindawo zobuchopho ukuze unxibelelwano lubekhona.

Ngelishwa, ukufumana uxilongo oluchanekileyo lwe-OCD kuthatha iminyaka esithoba ngokomndilili. Kungathabatha eminye iminyaka eli-17 ukufumana ukhathalelo olwaneleyo. Okwangoku, ngonyango olufanelekileyo, kuphela li-10% labantu abane-OCD abachacha ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngama-50% amava okuphuculwa kweempawu ze-OCD, ngokweLali yokuBuyisa.

Ukunyanga i-OCD

I-OCD ayinakunyangeka, kodwa inokulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo ngamayeza kunye nonyango lwengqondo. I-serotonin reuptake inhibitors ekhethiweyo (i-SSRIs) enje Prozac kunye neLexapro zihlala zichazwe kwizigulana ezine-OCD. Kubalulekile ukuthatha la mayeza yonke imihla njengoko kumiselwe, njengoko kunokuthatha iiveki ezili-10 ukuya kwezi-12 ukuqaphela utshintsho kwiimpawu ze-OCD. Nangona kuthatha ixesha ngaphambi kokuba ii-SSRI zibe nefuthe elibonakalayo kwi-OCD, inqanaba lempumelelo yonyango lweziyobisi nge-SSRI ngama-40% ukuya kuma-60%. Ukuyekiswa kweyeza ngesiquphe ngaphandle kokuthamba ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye ngaphandle konyango lokuziphatha kuya kubangela ukubuyela kwi-OCD, ngokweLali yokuBuyisa.

Ukongeza, ukubhengeza kunye nokunyanga okuphendulayo kunye nonyango lokuziphatha kwengqondo kunokubanceda abantu abane-OCD ukulawula uxinzelelo lwabo kunye nokulawula ukunyanzelwa kwabo.

Ukuvezwa kunye nokuthintela ukuphendula (ERP) lolona nyango lusebenzayo ukunyanga i-OCD, ngokukaGqirha Boduryan-Turner. Ucacisa ukuba umbono we-ERP kukufundisa ubuchopho indlela yokuphendula ngokwahlukileyo kukuzibamba ngokunyamezela unxunguphalo nokungakhululeki okuzayo.

Ukunyanga ngokuziphatha kwengqondo (i-CBT) kunye nengqondo zezinye iindlela ezifanelekileyo zonyango lwe-OCD, ngokukaGqirha Boduryan-Turner. Ingqondo ikufundisa ukuba ugcine iimvakalelo zakho kunye neengcinga zakho ngendlela efanelekileyo ngelixa i-CBT ikufundisa ukuba uchonge, uleyibhelishe, kwaye uphinde wenze iingcinga zakho.

Ezinxulumene: Unyango lwe-OCD kunye namayeza