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Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela

Ulwazi lweziyobisi

I-Ambien (zolpidem tartrate) ligama elingu-brand-odokotela elichaza ukulala-lokunciphisa iziyobisi elisetyenziselwa unyango ngamanye amaxesha ukuphuthelwa . Ambien anciphisa ixesha elithathayo ukulala kwaye andise ixesha lokulala. Njengawo onke amayeza okuthomalalisa, kubalulekile ukuba uziqonde ngokupheleleyo iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho, izilumkiso, kunye nokudibana kweziyobisi ngaphambi kokuthatha iyeza.

ZIQHELEKILEYO: Funda ngakumbi malunga neAmbien | Fumana izaphulelo Ambien

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazelekayo ze-Ambien

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazelekayo ze-Ambien zi:

Intloko ebuhlungu
Ukozela
Ukuba nesiyezi
Isicaphucaphu
Ukunyanga komzimba
Intlungu yezihlunu
Umqolo obuhlungu
Ixhala
Ukunxila (iziyobisi)
Ukuxinana kwesinus
Ukuxinana kwempumlo
Amandla aphantsi
Iingxaki zememori
Ukudideka
Umlomo owomileyo
Urhudo
Iingxaki zombono
Umbono omfiliba
Ukubomvu kwamehlo
Iingxaki zokuqwalaselwa
Iipalpitations
Ubumhlophe
Ukuqunjelwa

Uninzi lweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zexesha elifutshane kwaye ziya kuthoba kwiiyure ezimbalwa ukuya kusuku emva kokuthatha i-Ambien.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu ze-Ambien

I-Ambien iyacothisa ingqondo, ngoko ke iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi kakhulu ze-Ambien zinxulumene neziphumo zayo kwingqondo. Oku kubandakanya:

Iimpawu zokuziphatha ezinzima zokulala (ukuhamba ngokulala, ukuqhuba ukulala, njl.
Ngosuku olulandelayo ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
Ukudideka kunye nokudideka okukhulu
Ukuba nemibono
Uxinzelelo
Ukuzibulala
Ukuphendula okungafunekiyo njengokuhla ngesiquphe koxinzelelo lwegazi (anaphylaxis), ukuphefumla okufutshane, okanye ukuvalwa komoya
Ukuxhomekeka, ukuxhatshazwa, kunye nokurhoxa

I-Ambien ibandakanya isilumkiso sebhokisi emnyama ye-FDA yeendlela zokuziphatha ezinzima zokulala-imisebenzi yokuvuka yesiqhelo eyenziwa ngelixa uleleyo njengokulala, ukuqhuba ukulala, ukupheka kokulala, okanye imisebenzi efanayo. Ukuziphatha okuntsonkothileyo kokulala okubangelwa yi-zolpidem kunokubangela ukonzakala, ukufa kunye nokuba ukubulala . I-Ambien iya kuyekiswa kwangoko ukuba indlela yokuziphatha enzima yokulala inamava ngelixa uthatha iyeza.

Ngenxa yomngcipheko wokuxhomekeka kunye nokuxhatshazwa, i-Ambien ihlelwa njengezinto ezilawulwayo yiArhente yokuNyanzeliswa kweziyobisi (i-DEA). Ayivunyelwanga ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide. Kwakhona, i-zolpidem iyenza mandundu imeko yoxinzelelo, ke i-Ambien akufuneki ithathwe ngabantu abanexinzelelo.

Abantu abathatha amayeza okunceda ekulaleni banokuba njalo amatyeli amathathu okanye kahlanu kunokwenzeka ukuba afe okanye afumane umhlaza kunabantu abangazithathiyo iipilisi zokulala. Izizathu zoku aziqondwa kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, umngcipheko uxhomekeke kwidosi, ngoko ke iphantsi kakhulu kubantu abathatha amayeza okulala amaxesha ambalwa kuphela ngonyaka.

Ukuphulukana nenkumbulo

Kwi Uvavanyo lwezonyango , I-Ambien ivelise imemori yokulahleka kwememori engaphantsi kwe-1% yezigulana ezithatha idosi ecetyiswayo.

Xa i-zolpidem ichaphazela inkumbulo, abaguli abaphulukani neenkumbulo ezikhoyo. Endaweni yoko, ingqondo iphulukana namandla okwenza iinkumbulo ezintsha, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-anterograde amnesia. Ngelixa ukliniki ukulahleka kwememori kunqabile, phantse wonke umntu othatha i-Ambien uya kuba namava inqanaba elithile lokukhubazeka kwememori . Iziphumo zexeshana, kwaye inkumbulo iyaphucuka xa iyeza liphelisiwe.

I-Ambien ikwanxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko owandayo wokugula ngengqondo-ukonakala ngokubanzi kokusebenza kwengqondo-kubantu abadala. Ngesi sizathu nezinye izizathu, idosi ekhuthazwayo kubantu abadala sisiqingatha somthamo wabantu abadala.

Iimpawu ze-Ambien

Kwezilingo zeklinikhi , Ngaphantsi kwe-1% yezigulana ezichaze umbono okanye umbono weekuviwayo (iimbono ezingezizo). I-Hallucinations inokuthi ifumaneke kubantu abaneengxaki ze-neurological ezikhoyo, ezinjenge-ADHD, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, okanye ukusebenzisa ezinye iziyobisi eziguqula ingqondo. Ukubonwa ngumbono kuqheleke kakhulu ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala kunabantu abadala.

Kukho iimeko ezithile apho izigulana zithatha i-zolpidem ezinamava kuzo Ukuphambuka Oko kukuthi, ukudideka okukhulu, ukuphazamiseka, kunye nemibono. I-Ambien-indeli delirium, nangona kunjalo, sisiphumo esinqabileyo kakhulu kwaye kubonakala ngathi silinganiselwe kubantu abadala.

Ambien vs.Ambien CR iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga

I-Ambien inokuthathwa ekukhululweni kwangoko (i-Ambien) okanye kwifomathi yokukhupha eyandisiweyo ( Ambien CR ). Ukukhululwa kwangoko kwe-Ambien kumiselwe ukunceda abantu balale ebusuku, kodwa i-Ambien CR yenzelwe ukunceda abantu balale kwaye balale ubusuku bonke. Idibanisa idosi esemgangathweni yokukhutshwa kwangoko kwe-Ambien kunye nethamo elincinci lokukhululwa kwe-Ambien.

Ngenxa yokuba i-Ambien CR ikhutshwe ngokuthe chu emzimbeni, ibangela iziphumo ezishiyekileyo zosuku emva kokuba zithathiwe. Oku kubandakanya ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukukhubazeka kwememori, kunye nokusilela kokunxibelelana. Izigulana ezithatha i-Ambien CR kufuneka ziphephe imisebenzi yosuku olulandelayo efuna ukuphaphama kwengqondo njengokuqhuba okanye ukusebenzisa oomatshini.

I-Ambien vs Ambien CR iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo
Imiphumela	Ambien	Ambien CR
Intloko ebuhlungu	+	+
Ukozela	+	+
Ukozela emini kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo		+
Ukuba nesiyezi	+	+

Zithatha ixesha elingakanani iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga?

I-Ambien ikhawuleziswa ngomzimba kwaye iwela kumanqanaba angabonakaliyo egazini ngaphantsi komhla. Amanani aphakamileyo, nangona kunjalo, anokuhlala kwinkqubo kangangeentsuku ezintathu. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga azihlali ixesha elide kunala maxesha.

Ukuba i-Ambien isetyenziswa ngokungapheliyo okanye kwiidosi eziphezulu, iimpawu zokurhoxa zinokuqala emva kweeyure ezintandathu ukuya kwezisibhozo emva kokuba iyeza liphelisiwe kwaye lihlale ixesha elide ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini.

Izimo ezichaseneyo kunye nezilumkiso

Ababoneleli ngezempilo bamisela i-Ambien ngononophelo kwaye baya kuthi babeke iliso kwizigulana ngononophelo. Iiflegi ezininzi ezibomvu zinokunyanzela umboneleli wezempilo ukuba aphephe ukumisela iyeza kwasekuqaleni okanye ayeke amayeza akhoyo, anjengeendlela zokuziphatha ezinzima zokulala, ukusabela okungafunekiyo, uxinzelelo, iimeko zonyango, imbali yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi, kunye nezinye iimeko ezikhoyo.

Ukuziphatha okunzima kokulala

Ngenxa yokuba i-Ambien inokubangela ukuba ubuthongo bube yingozi njengokulala, ukulala uqhuba, ukutya ukutya, kunye nokuphazamiseka kokulala okufanayo, i-Ambien ayimiselwanga kwizigulana ezinamava okuziphatha okuntsonkothileyo. I-Ambien iya kuyekiswa kwangoko kwimeko yokuqala yeendlela zokuziphatha ezinzima zokulala.

Ukunyanga komzimba

I-Ambien iyakupheliswa ukuba ibangela ukusabela okungafunekiyo okubandakanya i-anaphylaxis-ukwehla ngesiquphe koxinzelelo lwegazi-okanye i-angioedema (ukudumba kolusu), imeko ephawulwe ngeempawu ezinje ngenkathazo yokuphefumla kunye nokuphazamiseka komoya.

Uxinzelelo

I-Ambien inokuzenza mandundu iimpawu zoxinzelelo, ke iya kumiselwa ngononophelo kwizigulana ezinokudakumba. Ukongeza, i-Ambien inokusebenzisana namayeza athile athintela uxinzelelo (ii-SSRI kunye nee-MAO inhibitors), ke le miyalelo inokufuna ukuguqulwa.

Iimeko zonyango ezisisiseko

Iingxaki zokulala okanye ukulala zihlala ziyimpawu yesifo sengqondo okanye ukugula komzimba. I-Ambien isenokungabi lonyango olufanelekileyo ukuba imeko engaphantsi inokunyangwa. I-Ambien, ke, ayimiselwanga de kwenziwe uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomzimba kunye nolwengqondo.

Iimeko zonyango ezikhoyo

Ambien anciphisa ukuphefumla, ke izigulana ezineengxaki zokuphefumla esele zikho ezinje ngesifo se-pulmonary esingapheliyo (COPD), i-myasthenia gravis, okanye i-apnea yokulala inokufuna izilumkiso ezithile.

Abantu abanesifo sesibindi, i-myasthenia gravis, isifo sokuphefumla, okanye imbali yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi okanye ukugula ngengqondo nako kungangabinabagqatswa abafanelekileyo be-Ambien okanye i-Ambien CR. I-Ambien iya kumiselwa ngononophelo kwidosi esezantsi kubantu abadala, abasetyhini, abantwana, kunye nezigulana ezinengxaki.

Ukukhulelwa kunye nokuncancisa

I-Zolpidem iya kuwela i-placenta kwaye ingene kwigazi lomntwana elingekazalwa. Iintsana zisenokufumana uxinzelelo lokuphefumla, ukuhlala phantsi, ukungaphatheki kakuhle kwemisipha, kunye neempawu zokurhoxa ukuba i-Ambien ithathwa kade xa ukhulelwe. Ukuncancisa iintsana kukwabonakaliswa kumanani amancinci e-Ambien kubisi lwebele. Ababoneleli ngezempilo balumkile malunga nokusebenzisa i-zolpidem kwikota yesithathu yokukhulelwa okanye kubafazi abangabongikazi.

Ukurhoxiswa kwe-Ambien

Xa isetyenziswe njengokuyalelwa, i-Ambien ibangela ukuxhomekeka kunye nokurhoxa ngaphantsi kwe-1% yezigulana Ngokwezilingo zeklinikhi kunye nentengiso . Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-Ambien isetyenziswa ngokungapheliyo okanye kwiidosi eziphezulu, ukuxhomekeka kunye nokurhoxa kunokwenzeka.

Iimpawu zokurhoxa zinokuba buthathaka okanye zibenzima ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani bokuthathwa kwe-Ambien kunye nokuba iyeza lipheliswa ngokukhawuleza kangakanani na. Ezi mpawu zinokuqala ngaphakathi kweeyure ezimbalwa zokumisa ngesiquphe amayeza, ukunciphisa idosi, okanye ukulahleka kwethamo. Iimpawu zibandakanya ukungalali (ukuphinda ulale), unxunguphalo, ukuthanda iziyobisi, ukuba nochuku, ubundlongondlongo, ukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukungcangcazela, ukudinwa, uloyiko kunye nentliziyo ebetha ngokukhawuleza. Ezona mpawu zibalulekileyo zokurhoxa kukubanjwa.

Ukugqithisa okukhulu

I-Ambien yinyango ekhuselekileyo xa ithathwa kumthamo ocetyiswayo we-5 mg ukuya kwi-10 mg kwiyure enye engama-24. I-Ambien overdose (70 mg kwiiyure ezingama-24) okanye ukudibanisa i-Ambien kunye noxinzelelo olufanayo kunokubangela ingozi kunye neempembelelo ezinokubulala. I-Ambien ikakhulu icothisa ingqondo, ngenxa yoko i-overdose inokubangela ukudideka, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukulahleka kwengqondo, okanye isiqaqa. Ikwacothisa ukubetha kwentliziyo kunye nokuphefumla, isiphumo esisesichengeni sobomi. Ukugqithisa ngokweqile kwe-Ambien kuye kwaziwa ukuba kubangele ukufa.

Unxibelelwano lwe-Ambien

I-Ambien ithathwa njenge-central central nervous system (CNS), oko kukuthi, iyanciphisa ingqondo. I-Ambien inokuphucula ukuthambisa, ukukhubazeka kwemoto, kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-CNS okanye ngokuchaseneyo. Ngesi sizathu, ababoneleli ngezempilo baya kuzama ukunqanda ukudibanisa i-Ambien kunye nezinye i-CNS depressants ezifana:

Utywala, intsangu , ii-cannabinoids, izongezo ze-melatonin, ingcambu ye-valerian, okanye i-kava
AmaNtsholongwane njenge-promethazine, azelastine, okanye doxylamine
IiBarbiturates ezinjenge-secobarbital, butalbital, okanye i-butabarbital
Amayeza okubulala iintlungu (iiopioids) njenge codeine, hydrocodone, okanye i-oxycodone
Ukuhlala njengeBelsomra (suvorexant), i-zaleplon, okanye i-Dayvigo (lemborexant)
IiBenzodiazepines Njenge alprazolam, diazepam, temazepam, okanye lorazepam
Ukuphumla kwezihlunu njenge-orphenadrine, i-baclofen, okanye i-chlorphenesin
Amayeza okuxhalabisa njenge buspirone
Iziyobisi zentlungu ezifana ne-gabapentin okanye i-pregabalin
Isicaphucaphu amayeza Njenge-metoclopramide, i-alizapride, okanye i-droperidol
IiAnticonvulsants ezifana ne-carbamazepine, i-rufinamide, okanye i-valproic acid
Amayeza esi sifo sikaParkinson njengepramipexole, ropinirole, rotigotine, okanye piribedil
Abanye iziyobisi ezichasayo njengelevomepromazine, methotrimeprazine, haloperidol, okanye blonanserin
Inkqubo ye- iziyobisi IXyrem (isodium yioxybate)

Ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezinye i-CNS depressants akunakuthintelwa, idosi ye-Ambien inokuncitshiswa okanye eminye imigqaliselo inokulungiswa. Xa uthatha i-Ambien, abaguli akufuneki bathathe uxinzelelo lwe-CNS okanye utywala kufutshane nexesha lokulala. Ukudibanisa i-Ambien kunye ne-anti-anti-antihistamines efana neBenadryl (diphenhydramine) iya kwandisa umngcipheko kunye nobukrakra beziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-Ambien.

I-Ambien iya kuphucula iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye nobutyhefu bokukhetha i-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (i-SSRIs), iziyobisi zihlala zimiselwe ukunyanga uxinzelelo. Kwakhona, ukumisela ugqirha kunokuguqula unyango okanye ukunciphisa i-Ambien dose. I-MAO inhibitors, elinye iklasi le-anti-depressants elibandakanya iMarplan (isocarboxazid) kunye ne-Nardil (phenelzine), iya kunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-Ambien, ke ugqirha oyalelayo kuya kufuneka abeke esweni unyango.

Amanye amachiza, ngakumbi amachiza okunyanga isifo somzimba, anyusa amandla omzimba okuhambisa kunye nokuphelisa i-Ambien emzimbeni. La machiza anciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokusebenza kwe-Ambien. Ezinye zezona zixhaphakileyo yiTaflinar (dabrafenib), Tibsovo (ivosidenib), Balversa (erdafitinib), Lorbrena (lorlatinib), Kevzara (sarilumab), Sylvant (siltuximab), Actemra (tocilizumab), Xtandi (enzalutamide), Lysodren , kwaye bosentan. Ezinye ii-corticosteroids ezinjenge-hydrocortisone kunye ne-budesonide nayo inokunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-Ambien. I-wort yaseSt. John, isongezelelo esithandwayo semifuno, ikwanciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokusebenza kwe-Ambien emzimbeni.

Ezinye iziyobisi kunye nokutya, nangona kunjalo, zonyusa uxinzelelo lwe-Ambien egazini kwaye ke yonyusa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-Ambien. Oku kubandakanya:

I-grapefruit , ioyile yepepermint, kunye negolide
Iindidi ezithile zentsholongwane njenge-ciprofloxacin, i-clarithromycin, kunye ne-erythromycin
Iziyobisi Antifungal (azole) njenge-itraconazole okanye ketoconazole
Iindidi ezithile zamayeza antiviral Njenge-ritonavir, atazanavir, darunavir, i-Invirase (saquinavir), kunye neCrixivan (indinavir)
Unyango lwegazi njenge-verapamil
Izidambisi zeBenzodiazepine ezifana ne-diazepam kunye ne-midazolam
ICorticosteroids njenge-dexamethasone okanye i-fluticasone

La machiza, ukutya, okanye izongezo akufuneki ziyekwe okanye ziguqulwe. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba abantu bathathe la machiza kunye ne-Ambien ukuba babenononophelo malunga nokuzibandakanya kwizinto ezinokuba yingozi ezifuna ukuphapha kwengqondo njengokuqhuba, ukusebenza ngoomatshini, okanye ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi eyingozi.

Ungaziphepha njani iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga

Uninzi lweziyobisi lubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kwaye i-Ambien ayifani. Ngenxa yokuba i-Ambien icothisa ingqondo, uninzi lweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinxulumene neempawu zayo zokuthomalalisa: ukulala, isiyezi, ukukhubazeka kweemoto, ukucothisa okucothayo, kunye nokunciphisa ukuphaphama. Ungawunciphisa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ngokulandela imigaqo embalwa elula yesithupha:

Thatha i-Ambien njengoko kuyalelwe

Uya kumiselwa idosi yasebusuku ye-5 mg, 10 mg, okanye ukuba uthatha i-Ambien CR, 12.5 mg. Musa ukugqitha kule dosi okanye uthathe ngaphezulu kweepilisi ezimbini kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-24 nokuba idosi yokuqala ayisebenzi. Idosi iya kuncitshiswa kwabasetyhini, abantu abadala, okanye abantu abathatha ezinye iintlobo zamachiza, ke ungazami ukwandisa idosi kwiqondo eliqhelekileyo.

2. Tshela ugqirha wakho ngazo zonke iimeko zonyango kunye namayeza akho

Ngenxa yomngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kuya kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho malunga:

Naziphi na iimeko zomzimba onokuba nazo, ngakumbi iingxaki zesibindi okanye isifo sokuphefumla
Imbali yakho eneemeko zengqondo
Nakuphi na ukusetyenziswa kotywala, ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ngokuzonwabisa, okanye imbali yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi
Nakuphi na ukuphazamiseka engqondweni onokuba ukuhlangabezana nako
Onke amayeza owathathayo ngoku
Onke amayeza e-counter-counter kunye nezongezelelo ozithathayo
Izinto ezinobungozi zasemini ozibandakanya kuzo, ezinje ngokusebenza koomatshini abanzima okanye ukuqhuba uye emsebenzini

Soloko uthetha nogqirha wakho malunga naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifumanekayo xa usela amayeza kagqirha.

3. Ziqhelise ukulala ucocekile

Kuya kufuneka usebenzise i-Ambien njengarhoqo njengoko kunokwenzeka rhoqo. Ukusetyenziswa okukhuselekileyo kwe-Ambien kukuphucula ukucoceka kokulala kunye nokuthatha amayeza kuphela xa yonke enye into isilele .

Yiphephe imisebenzi evuselelayo enjengokubukela umabonwakude okanye imidlalo yevidiyo ngaphambi kokulala.
Phuhlisa imikhwa yokuphumla ebusuku njengokuthatha ibhafu eshushu, ukucamngca, okanye ukwenza iyoga kangangesiqingatha seyure okanye iyure ngaphambi kwexesha lokulala.
Lala ngexesha elifanayo busuku ngabunye. Abanye abantu baseta ialam xa kulalwa.
Cima isibane kwaye ususe konke ukuphazamiseka xa ulele.
Zilolonge yonke imihla.
Kulumkele ukutya okufana necaffeine, utywala, kunye neswekile eziphazamisa ukukwazi ukulala.

4. Kunqande ukutya okuthile, izongezo, kunye neziyobisi

Okunye ukutya, amayeza kunye neziyobisi kuphucula iziphumo ezibi ze-Ambien. Umboneleli wakho wokhathalelo lwempilo unokukunceda uhambe ngendlela yokuhlangana kweziyobisi phakathi kwe-Ambien kunye nalo naliphi na ichiza olithathayo. Ukuthatha i-Ambien ngokukhuselekileyo, kufuneka uphephe utywala, intsangu, iziqhamo zomdiliya, izongezo ze-melatonin, ingcambu ye-valerian, i-cannabidiol, i-chamomile, i-goldenseal, i-lemon balm, i-passionflower, i-calendula, i-gotu kola, kunye ne-anti-anti-anti-anti-anti. Zonke ezi zinto zonyusa iziphumo zokuthambisa ze-Ambien kunye nokwandisa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ngakumbi ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kusuku olulandelayo. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuthatha naziphi na izongezo zokutya okanye amayeza e-herbal, thetha nogqirha wakho wokuqala.

Izixhobo:

Ambien , Sanofi
Ambien echaza ulwazi , Sanofi
I-Ambien CR ichaza ulwazi , Sanofi
Yintoni i-Ambien: Sebenzisa, izilumkiso, kunye nokunxibelelana Ukhathalelo
Zolpidem , Abaxhasi
Zolpidem , StatPearls
Iziphumo ezibi zokukhutshwa kwe-zolpidem eyandisiweyo ekusebenzeni kwengqondo kunye nokulala kumadoda aphilileyo emva kokuphindaphinda ebusuku , Uvavanyo kunye neKlinikhi yePsychopharmacology.
Ukusebenzisana kweziyobisi neCYP3A4: uhlaziyo , Amaxesha eKhemesti
I-multimodal hallucination (i-audio-visual, deepesthetic, kunye ne-scenic) ehambelana nokusetyenziswa kwe-zolpidem , Clinical Psychopharmacology kunye neNeuroscience

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazelekayo ze-Ambien