Ezona ziyobisi zinokukunceda uyeke ukusela
Ulwazi lweziyobisiUkuphazamiseka ekusebenziseni utywala (AUD) ngumcimbi okhulayo wezempilo eUnited States; kuqikelelwa ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-6% yabantu abadala zichaphazelekayo. Ngelixa ukuchacha kungelulanga, kukho uluhlu olubanzi lweendlela zokhetho ezinokunceda-kwaye ziye ngaphaya kweenkqubo ezili-12 kunye nokuvuselelwa kwesigulana. Okwangoku kukho amayeza amayeza amayeza amathathu okusetyenziswa kotywala avunyiweyo Ukutya kunye noLawulo lweziyobisi (FDA), kunye nezinye iziyobisi abanye oogqirha abazisebenzisayo ngaphandle kwelebheli kwiingxaki zokusela.
Nantsi into ekufuneka uyazi malunga neziyobisi ezinokukunceda uyeke ukusela kwaye ungalufumana phi uncedo.
3 amayeza aphunyezwe yi-FDA yokusetyenziswa kotywala
I-FDA ivumile la mayeza alandelayo ukunceda ekuphazamiseni ukusetyenziswa kotywala.
1. ICampral (acamprosate)
I-Acamprosate Unokunceda abanye abantu abane-AUD bayeke ukusela ngokunciphisa inkanuko kunye nokunciphisa umvuzo wengqondo otywala. Ngokwesiqhelo ithathwa kwifomathi yethebhulethi kathathu ngemini.
2.Vivitrol (naltrexone)
Ifana ne-acamprosate, mzantsi isusa abantu abonwabileyo abanamava e-AUD etywaleni, ke oko kunciphisa umnqweno wokusela. Iyafumaneka njengepilisi yemihla ngemihla, inaliti yenyanga, kunye nokufakwa kwamayeza.
3. I-Antabuse (disulfiram)
Idisulfiram yithebhulethi oyithatha kanye ngemini emva kokuba uyekile ukusela ubuncinci iiyure ezili-12. Ibhloka imetabolism yotywala kwaye ekugqibeleni ikwenza ugule kakhulu ukuba usela ngelixa usele amayeza.
Ngawaphi amayeza anokukunceda uyeke ukusela?
Kwimichiza evunyiweyo ye-FDA edweliswe apha ngasentla, iyeza eliza kusebenza kakuhle kuwe liya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya nokuba uyekile ukusela sele, imbali yakho yezempilo, kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali.
I-Disulfiram lelona nyango lidala livunyiweyo le-AUD eMelika. Nangona kunjalo, liye lathandana nabanye oogqirha ngenxa yendlela elijezisa ngayo umntu xa ethe watyibilika wasela, nto leyo ixhaphake kakhulu ngexesha lokuchacha.
Luhlobo olufana nokufikelela kwingqayi yecookie, kwaye ingqayi yecookie yophula ingalo yakho — akunakufane ufike kwakhona, utsho IHarshal Kirane, MD , Umlawuli weenkonzo zamakhoboka eSibhedlele iYunivesithi yaseStaten Island. [Nangona kunjalo], i-disulfiram ayisoloko kuyeyona ndlela ilungileyo kwizigulana kuba nabuphi na utywala obufunxwayo bangene egazini, nokuba kungokusela, ukusebenzisa utywala ekuphekeni okanye nakwisithambisi-manzi sesandla, kunokuvelisa ukusabela okungalunganga.
I-Acamprosate kunye ne-naltrexone ibonakalisiwe inefuthe elifanayo, utsho URobert Brown, MD , hepatologist kunye nomlawuli weZiko leSifo seSibindi kunye nokuTyalwa kwiNewYork-Presbyterian / Weill Cornell Medical Centre, kodwa kukho umahluko ekufuneka uwazi: Uncedo lwe-naltrexone kukuba [ithathiwe] kanye yonke imihla, enceda ukuphucula ukuthotyelwa kwezigulana. , kwaye kukho idatha [ukubonisa] ukuba iyasebenza nokuba umntu usasela xa eqala iyeza, utsho. Kodwa ndihlala ndimisela i-acamprosate ngakumbi kune-naltrexone kuba ukuba isigulana sinengxaki ye-opioids, abanakuthatha i-naltrexone.
Iindleko zinokuba yinto ebalulekileyo kwisigqibo sakho. Ugqirha woSapho waseMelika ufumanise ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwenyanga enye kwe-acamprosate ye-generic kuxabisa i-55 yeedola, kungaphezulu kancinci kune-generic naltrexone, ebiza i-45 yeedola ngenyanga yeepilisi.
Iziyobisi ezingekho kwilebula ukunciphisa ukusela
Oogqirha banokuyalela amanye amayeza ekusetyenzisweni kwelebheli ngaphandle ukunceda abaguli bayeke ukusela. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-FDA ayibonanga ukuba ichiza likhuselekile okanye liyasebenza ekusetyenzisweni kotywala, kodwa umboneleli wezempilo ugqibe ekubeni efanelekileyo yezonyango kwisigulana sabo .
Ezinxulumene: Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi malunga neziyobisi ezingekho kwilebula
La mayeza awela ngokubanzi kwiklasi yeziyobisi ezaziwa njengeziqinisi zemood, ezinje itopiramate , Ukutshutshiswa,kwaye Trileptal , ucacisa uGqirha Kirane. Ubungqina bokuba la mayeza anokuba luncedo bunqunyelwe kwaye buhlala buvela kwizifundo ezincinci, ezingafakwanga. Ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ukuba umntu akafumani amanye amayeza ukuba asebenze ngokukodwa.
Baclofen , ichiza elisetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukungqubana kwezihlunu, lisenokuba lunyango olusebenzayo lokuphazamiseka ekusebenziseni utywala. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kwizigulana eziqhubele phambili kwisifo sesibindi, njengoko i-baclofen ikakhulu i-metabolism kwizintso, utshilo uBrown.
Olunye unyango olunokusetyenziswa kunyango
Akukho lunyango-lunye-unyango kubantu abanqwenela ukunciphisa ukusela. Amayeza, ngelixa kunokuba luncedo, isenokungabi yimbumbulu yomlingo yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kotywala.
Ingcebiso, inkxaso ekuziphatheni, kunye nonyango kufuneka konke kube setafileni ukufumana uhlobo lwenyango olunokuhlangabezana kuphela neemfuno zezigulana xa zingena kunyango, kodwa ezinokuthi ziguquke njengoko ziqhubeka ukuphucula nokukhula, utshilo uGqirha Kirane.
Ukuba unengxaki yokusela, sebenza nogqirha wakho ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso sokuyeka. Unokufuna inkxaso Utywala awaziwa kwaye i Inombolo yoNcedo yeSizwe yeSAMHSA, ukuSetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kunye noLawulo lweeNkonzo zeMpilo yeNgqondo .
