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Amanani eSchizophrenia 2021

Amanani eSchizophrenia 2021Iindaba

Yintoni i-schizophrenia? | Ixhaphake kangakanani i-schizophrenia? | Amanani eSchizophrenia eMelika | Amanani eSchizophrenia ngokobuhlanga | ISchizophrenia kunye nobundlobongela | Ukuphazamiseka okwenzeka ngokukuko | Unyango lweSchizophrenia | Uphando





Igama elithi schizophrenia livela kwimvelaphi yamaGrike, kunye ne-schizo intsingiselo yokwahlulahlula kunye nokuphola kwengqondo. I-Schizophrenia yahlukile kwisifo sokungazibonakalisi, esaziwa ngaphambili njengokuphazamiseka kubuntu, into engaqondakaliyo. Zininzi iimpawu zeschizophrenia, kwaye abantu banokuzifumana ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Amanani eSchizophrenia abonisa ukuba isifo sengqondo esiqatha sihlala sikhula ebutsheni kwaye nangona iimpawu zibi kakhulu ekuqaleni kwale meko, Unyango lwe-schizophrenia iyafumaneka kwaye iyasebenza.



Yintoni i-schizophrenia?

ISchizophrenia sisifo esinganyangekiyo kunye nengqumbo yengqondo echaphazela iingcinga zomntu, iimvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha. Esi sigulo sichaphazela ukuqonda komntu ngokwenyani, unxibelelwano lwasentlalweni, kunye neenkqubo zokucinga. Iimpawu ze-schizophrenia zibandakanya ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo-ezinokubonakala okanye ukuva (ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo, ukuva amazwi) -ukukhohlisa, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo okubonisa njengendlela engaqhelekanga yokucinga okanye intetho engalungelelananga, kunye nobunzima kubudlelwane boluntu. Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba ukungalingani kwemichiza ethile ebuchotsheni, kwiimpawu zofuzo nakwimeko yokusingqongileyo enje ngoxinzelelo lobomi bokuqala zizinto ezinobungozi beschizophrenia. Inkqubo ye- iintlobo eziphambili ye-schizophrenia ibandakanya i-paranoid schizophrenia, i-catatonic schizophrenia, i-schizophrenia engafaniyo, kunye ne-schizoaffective disorder.

Uphando lubonisa ukuba indibaniselwano yemeko yomzimba, yemfuza, yengqondo kunye neyendalo inokwenza ukuba umntu abe nako ukukhula imeko, utshilo UJudy Ho | , Ph.D., ugqirha we-neuropsychologist osekwe eCalifornia kunye nomgcini weSuperCharged Life podcast. Le meko iqhuba kwiintsapho, kodwa akukho luhlobo lunye lufunyenwe lunoxanduva.

Iimpawu zeSchizophrenia

Iimpawu ezingalunganga zezo zisusa isimilo okanye iinkqubo ezithathwa njengeziqhelekileyo. UMelissa Mueller-Douglas , I-LMSW, ingcali kwezonyango kwiYunivesithi yaseRochester Medical Centre yeQhina eliQinisekileyo leProjekthi yeQela loMthetho uchaza ezi mpawu:



  • Intetho yentlupheko: Intetho encinci okanye ukunika iimpendulo ezimfutshane kwimibuzo.
  • Anhedonia: Ukungabikho kolonwabo kwizinto ababefudula bezonwabela, ukunciphisa umdla. Oku kukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukubandakanyeka ekuhlaleni komntu, kuchaphazela umgangatho wobomi.
  • Ukuchaphazela ukusilela: Ukuncipha okubonakalayo kwintetho yeemvakalelo. Oku kunokuchaphazela ubudlelwane bakho kunye nosapho kunye nabahlobo.
  • Ukunqongophala kwenkuthazo: Umntu usenokungabinayo inkuthazo yangaphakathi yokulandela imisebenzi kubomi bemihla ngemihla, njengokulungiselela kusasa.

Iimpawu zeschizophrenia zinokuchaphazela ukuhamba kobomi bemihla ngemihla njengokuthi, amandla abo okusebenza, ubudlelwane obusebenzayo, okanye ukuzikhathalela, utshilo uHo. Abantu abane-floridly psychotic States phantse bahlala beyibona imisebenzi yabo yemihla ngemihla iwela ecaleni kwendlela kwaye amaxesha ngamaxesha baya kufuna ungenelelo olulungelelanisiweyo (okt, ugqirha wezifo zengqondo okanye ugqirha wengqondo) kubomi babo bonke ukugcina iimpawu zisemngciphekweni kunye nokuqinisekisa [inkxaso yabo] Iqela likho kwimeko apho linokubuyela kwakhona.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-schizophrenia?

  • I-Schizophrenia ichaphazela abantu abazizigidi ezingama-20 kwihlabathi liphela. (Umthwalo weSifo seHlabathi, 2017)
  • Inani lonyaka lamatyala amatsha e-schizophrenia yi-1.5 kwi-10,000 yabantu. ( Uphengululo lwe-Epidemiol (2008)
  • I-Schizophrenia yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zibangela ukukhubazeka kwihlabathi liphela. (Umthwalo weSifo seHlabathi, ngo-2016)
  • Phantse iipesenti ezintlanu zabantu abane-schizophrenia basweleka ngokuzibulala, bahlala benomngcipheko ophezulu ekuqaleni kwesifo sengqondo. ( Oovimba abagcina ubuchwephesha bengqondo, 2005)
  • Phantse iipesenti ezingama-20 zabantu abane-schizophrenia bazama ukuzibulala kube kanye. (Idolophana yokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo, 2020)

Amanani eSchizophrenia eMelika

  • Ukuxhaphaka kweschizophrenia phakathi kwabantu abadala base-US kuqikelelwa ukuba ngabantu abazizigidi eziyi-1.5 ngonyaka. (Umanyano kaZwelonke malunga nokugula ngengqondo, 2019)
  • I-Schizophrenia ihlala ifunyaniswa kubantu abancinci xa bekwishumi elivisayo ukuya kwi-30s yokuqala eneempawu eziqhelekileyo ezibonisa ngaphambili emadodeni kunabasetyhini. (Iziko leSizwe lezeMpilo yeNgqondo, i-2018)
  • Ubomi obuqhelekileyo obulahlekile kubantu abane-schizophrenia e-US yiminyaka engama-28.5. ( IJAMA yengqondo , 2015)

Iimpawu zengqondo kunye noxilongo lwe-schizophrenia ngohlanga-ngokobuhlanga

  • Ubuninzi bexesha lokuzibonakalisa kweempawu zengqondo ezizimeleyo ziphezulu kubantu abamnyama baseMelika (21.1%), eLatino American (19.9%), nakwabamhlophe baseMelika (13.1%). ( Iinkonzo Zengqondo , 2013)
  • Ubuninzi bexesha lokuzibonakalisa kweempawu zengqondo ezizezakho ziphantsi kakhulu kubantu baseAsia baseMelika (5.4%) ( Iinkonzo Zengqondo , 2013)
  • Uphando lufumanise ukuba abantu abamnyama baseMelika banamathuba aphindwe kathathu ukuya kwamane kunabamhlophe baseMelika ukufumana isifo seSchizophrenia. ( Ijenali yeHlabathi yoNyango lwezeMpilo , 2014)

I-Schizophrenia kunye nezibalo zobundlobongela

  • Izigulana ezifunyaniswe zine-schizophrenia ziphindwe kane ukuya kwezintandathu amathuba okuba benze ulwaphulo-mthetho olunobundlobongela kunabantu ngokubanzi. ( Ijenali yaMazwe ngaMazwe yeeNeuroscience zonyango kunye neMpilo yeNgqondo , 2015)
  • I-6% yezenzo zokubulala zenziwa zizigulana ezinesifo sengqondo kumazwe aseNtshona. ( Ijenali yaMazwe ngaMazwe yeeNeuroscience zonyango kunye neMpilo yeNgqondo , 2015)
  • Olunye uphononongo eSweden lufumanise ukuba i-13.2% yezigulana ezine-schizophrenia zinetyala elinye elinobundlobongela. ( Ijenali yoMbutho Wezonyango waseMelika (2009)
  • Kwiminyaka emihlanu yokuqala yokuxilongwa sisifo sengqondo (okanye esinxulumene naso), i-10.7% yamadoda kunye ne-2.7% yabasetyhini bagwetywa ityala lobundlobongela eSweden. ( ILancet Psychiatry , 2014)
  • Iqondo lolwaphulo-mthetho olunobundlobongela phakathi kwabaguli abane-schizophrenia kunye nezifo ezinxulumene noko laliphantse laliphinda kahlanu kunelabantakwabo kwaye phantse liphindwe kasixhenxe kunabantu abafanayo eSweden. ( ILancet Psychiatry , 2014)

Ukuphazamiseka okwenzeka ngoku kunye ne-schizophrenia

Abantu abane-schizophrenia banokuba neemeko zonyango ezenzeka kunye. La manani alandelayo abonisa ipesenti yabantu abane-schizophrenia abanemicimbi echaziweyo eyenzeka ngokubambisana kwezempilo yengqondo:

  • Iimpawu zoxinzelelo: 30% -54%
  • Uxinzelelo lwasemva koxinzelelo: 29%
  • Ukuphazamiseka okubonakalayo: 23%
  • Ingxaki yokuphazamiseka: 15%

(Idolophana yokubuyisela kwakhona, 2020)



Unyango lwe-schizophrenia

Ngelishwa, bambalwa abantu abane-schizophrenia (31%) abaye bachongwa njengabakufumana ukhathalelo lwempilo, becebisa ukuba ngaphezulu kwesibini kwisithathu baphethwe ngumsantsa kunyango; ipesenti ephezulu yabantu abangafumani nkathalo ifunyenwe ukuba yehla kweyona mivuzo iphantsi, ngokuka I-Bulletin yoMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi .

Phantse wonke umntu ofunyaniswe ukuba une-schizophrenia uya kufuna unyango lwamayeza, ihlala inamayeza e-antipsychotic, utshilo uHo. Uthi i-antipsychotic atypical inokulawula iimpawu zeschizophrenia ezinje ngombono kunye nokukhohlisa.

Okwangoku, i-clozapine yeyona antipsychotic isebenzayo ngokubhekisele kulawulo lwe-schizophrenia enganyangekiyo, kwaye amaxesha amaninzi, abaguli kuya kufuneka bagqibe okungenani kwizilingo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza ukufumana uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwamayeza kunye nomthamo kubo, utshilo uHo.



Ukunyanga ngokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT) ngugqirha kwezempilo yeyona nto isebenzayo ekunyangeni abaguli abanesifo sengqondo, ngokukaHo. Ucacisa ukuba i-CBT ifundisa isigulana indlela yokulawula iingcinga kunye nokuziphatha kwabo kunye nokuchonga okubangela isiqendu se-psychotic.

Ungenelelo lwakwangoko lunokuba nefuthe elibonakalayo kubantu abane-schizophrenia. Iimpawu zeSchizophrenia zihlala zibi kakhulu kumanqanaba okuqala okugula, kulapho umngcipheko wokuzibulala uphezulu. Uninzi lwabantu abane-schizophrenia lubangcono ekuhambeni kwexesha, hayi mandundu. Inyaniso, Amashumi amabini% Abantu baya kuba ngcono kwisithuba seminyaka emihlanu emva kokuvela kweempawu. Ngenxa yokuba i-schizophrenia inokuba yimfuza, abantu abanamalungu osapho abane-schizophrenia okanye imbali yeempawu zengqondo banokufuna iinkonzo zempilo yengqondo ukufumanisa i-schizophrenia kwaye baqale unyango kwangoko.



Uphando lweSchizophrenia