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Umkhuhlane A vs. B: Yeyiphi eyona imbi kakhulu?

Imfundo yezeMpilo

Iqala kancinci. Unokuvuka ngomqala ocaphukisayo kunye neempumlo ezibalekayo, okanye ungaziva ungcungcutheka kancinci imini yonke kunesiqhelo. Kodwa kukho okungakumbi apha endleleni. Uhla ngomkhuhlane, ukugodola, iintlungu zomzimba, kwaye ulele esofeni ngumkhuhlane.

Umkhuhlane ube ligama elibanzi elisetyenziswa ngabantu ukuchaza ngokungachanekanga uluhlu olubanzi lwezifo. Sihlala sisiva abantu besithi oh, ndehle ngesisu somkhuhlane kwiveki ephelileyo, okanye abantwana bafumana umkhuhlane weeyure ezingama-24. Kodwa umkhuhlane ubhekisa kwiindidi ezine zentsholongwane yomkhuhlane (A, B, C, kunye no-D), eyona nto iphambili kwi-influenza A kunye ne-influenza B.

Umkhuhlane A ungosulela abantu kunye nezilwanyana. Kwiimeko ezininzi, inxulunyaniswa nobhubhane wamaxesha athile eUnited States (aka ixesha lomkhuhlane ) kunye nobhubhane wehlabathi. Ihlala itshintsha, ke inee-subtypes ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya umkhuhlane wentaka odumileyo (avian influenza) kunye iihagu umkhuhlane . Kwelinye icala, umkhuhlane B unee-subtypes ezimbini (iVictoria neYamagata), ezithi zenzeke, ubukhulu becala, kuphela ebantwini kwaye ziguquka kancinci kancinci, ngenxa yoko ayingomngcipheko ubhubhane.

Funda isikhokelo esipheleleyo kwezi ntlobo zimbini zeentsholongwane zomkhuhlane.

Oonobangela

Umkhuhlane A

Olona hlobo luxhaphakileyo losasazo lwenziwa ngamathontsi amancinci awenziweyo xa umntu osulelekileyo ethetha, ethimla, ekhohlela okanye ephefumla ngamandla. Uhlobo lwe-A nalo (nangona kunqabile kunqabile) lwenziwe ngekhontrakthi ngokudibana ne isilwanyana esosulelekileyo , njengentaka okanye ihagu. Umkhuhlane unokudluliselwa kwizinto ezingaphiliyo ukuba umntu ogulayo uyayingcolisa, njengebhokisi lomnyango.

Umkhuhlane B

Njenge-virus ye-influenza A, uhlobo lomkhuhlane B luhanjiswa ikakhulu ngokudibana namathontsi xa umntu okosulelekileyo ekhohlela, ethimla, okanye ethetha. Izilwanyana azihlali zichaphazeleka kwintsholongwane ye-B, ngenxa yoko azithathwa njengeziphetheyo.

Umkhuhlane A vs. B unobangela
Umkhuhlane A	Umkhuhlane B
Ukuqhagamshelana namaconsi avela kumntu osulelekileyo Ukuqhagamshelana nezilwanyana ezinesifo (ezinqabileyo)	Ukuqhagamshelana namaconsi avela kumntu osulelekileyo

Ezinxulumene: Ngaba umkhuhlane uhamba ngomoya? Funda ngendlela umkhuhlane usasazeka ngayo

Ubuninzi

Umkhuhlane A

Umkhuhlane A lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomkhuhlane. Inika ingxelo malunga ne-75% yentsholongwane iyonke yomkhuhlane , kwaye sesona sizathu sinokubangela umkhuhlane wamaxesha ahlasela i-U.S. rhoqo ebusika. Ayilo nani lincinci elo, ngakumbi xa ucinga ngoku Amatyala angama-25 ukuya kuma-50 ezigidi kwilizwe lonke minyaka le .

Ngexesha le-2018-19 yexesha lomkhuhlane, amaZiko oLawulo lweZifo kunye noThintelo (CDC) avavanye iisampulu ze-1,145,555 zomkhuhlane, kunye neziphumo ezilungileyo ze-177,039, iipesenti ezingama-95 zazingumkhuhlane A.

I-Influenza A iyahlulwa ibe zii-subtypes esekwe kwiiproteni ezimbini kumphezulu wentsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-hemagglutinin kunye ne-neuraminidase. Ii-subtypes zazo zombini ezi proteni zikhokelela kwindibaniselwano ezininzi ezinokubakho kunye neentsholongwane ezizodwa zomkhuhlane A. Ukongeza, utshintsho oluncinci lwemfuza olwenza utshintsho kwezi proteni zingaphezulu kwexesha zinokuvumela ezi ntlobo zokuphucula amandla abo okosulela abantu ngexesha ngalinye lonyaka. Olu phawu lubonisa imiceli mngeni ekuqikeleleni umkhuhlane ojikeleze kakhulu umkhuhlane A xa kufikwa kumba wokuthatha isigqibo malunga nokwenziwa kweyeza lokuthintela i-influenza iinyanga ngaphambi kwexesha elifanelekileyo lomkhuhlane. Zonke ezi zinto zidibene ngokudibeneyo zinegalelo kubukho besifo somkhuhlane kwintsholongwane nganye.

Umkhuhlane B

Ewe amanani kunye neepesenti zinokwahluka ngokwamaxesha onyaka. Umzekelo, amanqanaba okuqala e-2019-2020 yexesha lomkhuhlane abonayo Umkhuhlane B njengohlobo oluqhelekileyo , ingakumbi phakathi kwabantwana.

Kodwa iminyaka emininzi, kuthatha isitulo esingasemva kuhlobo A. Ayisasazeki ngokulula kuba iyacotha kwaye inezinto ezimbini eziphambili: iVictoria neYamagata. Ngokomndilili, nangona kunjalo, uhlobo lwe-B losulelo lweakhawunti malunga neepesenti ezingama-25 zamatyala omkhuhlane.

Umkhuhlane A vs B ukuxhaphaka
Umkhuhlane A	Umkhuhlane B
Malunga ne-75% yazo zonke iimeko zomkhuhlane (ngokomndilili)	Malunga ne-25% yazo zonke iimeko zomkhuhlane (kwi-avareji) Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo kwaye inzima phakathi kwabantwana

Iimpawu

Umkhuhlane A

Iimpawu zomkhuhlane A zihlala zifana ngaphandle kokuthamba. Ezona zixhaphakileyo ziimpumlo ezivuzayo, umqala obuhlungu, umkhuhlane, ukugodola, iintlungu zomzimba nokudinwa.

Umahluko ophambili bubukhali babo. Uhlobo lwe-A lweempawu zihlala zomelela kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zikhokelela esibhedlele okanye ekufeni. NgokweCDC.gov, umkhuhlane A wenza i-95.5% yazo zonke izibhedlele zomkhuhlane ngexesha lonyaka we-2018-19.

Umkhuhlane B

Uhlobo B lubangela iimpawu ezifanayo kwezi zidweliswe ngasentla, kodwa zihlala zithambile. Nangona kunjalo, isenakho ukwanda kobukrakra, ibangele ukulaliswa esibhedlele kunye nokufa, ngakumbi ebantwaneni .

I-Influenza A vs. B iimpawu

Umkhuhlane A

Umkhuhlane B

Impumlo enemifinya
Umqala obuhkungu
Ifiva
Ukugodola
Ubuhlungu bomzimba
Khohlela
Intloko ebuhlungu
Ukudinwa
Ukungonwabi kwesifuba

Impumlo enemifinya
Umqala obuhkungu
Ifiva
Ukugodola
Ubuhlungu bomzimba
Khohlela
Intloko ebuhlungu
Ukudinwa
Ukungonwabi kwesifuba

(Iimpawu zinokuba nzima kakhulu kunomkhuhlane A)

Ezinxulumene: ICoronavirus (COVID-19) vs.umkhuhlane ngokuchasene nokubanda

Uxilongo

Umkhuhlane A

Uvavanyo lomzimba linyathelo lokuqala. Ukuba umboneleli uchonga iimpawu zomkhuhlane kunye neempawu zomkhuhlane kwindawo ekuhlaleni, uya kuthi aodole uvavanyo lokuqinisekisa isifo. Lonke uvavanyo lomkhuhlane lufuna umboneleli wezempilo ukuba asongele impumlo yesigulana okanye ngamanye amaxesha umqala.

Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo nolona luqhelekileyo luvavanyo lokuchonga umkhuhlane olukhawulezileyo (RIDT). Iziphumo zithatha imizuzu eli-10 ukuya kweli-15, kodwa zisenokuba zichanekile kancinci kunezinye iimvavanyo. Kwaye ii-RIDTs aziboneleli ngolwazi malunga nee-subtypes zomkhuhlane A.

Ukuvavanywa ngokukhawuleza kweemolekyuli kuqhelekile kuvavanyo lweofisi. Zithatha ixesha elide kodwa zichanekile kunezinye i-RIDTs ekubeni kukho amathuba amancinci ovavanyo lokuvelisa into engeyiyo okanye ubuxoki.

Ukuba umboneleli ufuna ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nezinto zentsholongwane kunye nobunzima, angathumela i-swab elabhoratri yolingo olunzulu lweemolekyuli ezinokwahlulahlula umkhuhlane i-A subtypes.

Uhlobo lwenoveli A iintsholongwane, ngesiqhelo ezithwalwa zizilwanyana, azisoloko zibonisa kwiimvavanyo ezisisiseko, ezikhoyo kwezorhwebo. Ukuba umboneleli ukrokrela intsholongwane yenoveli, kuya kufuneka axoxe ngokubakho kovavanyo oluphindaphindwayo lwe-transaction-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) kunye namasebe ezempilo asekhaya nakwilizwe. Inkcubeko yentsholongwane lolunye uvavanyo olufumanekayo olungasetyenziselwa ukwenza izigqibo ngeklinikhi, kodwa kuvavanyo olubanzi ngakumbi lweentsholongwane. Inkcubeko ihlala isetyenziselwa ukubeka esweni intsholongwane yomkhuhlane A okanye B intsholongwane enokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo kwizitofu zokugonya zexesha lomkhuhlane.

Umkhuhlane B

Njengohlobo A, ukuxilongwa kuqala ngovavanyo lomzimba, olunokuthi ngamanye amaxesha lwanele ukwenza isifo. Kodwa uvavanyo ludla ngokufuneka ukuqinisekisa.

Nangona uhlobo B luhlala luyintsholongwane encinci, Ii-RIDTs azinantlonelo kangako kwiiantigen zayo , ke ezi mvavanyo azisoloko zichanekile. Ngenxa yoko, ugqirha unokuyalela kuvavanyo olomeleleyo ngakumbi ukuba bayakrokrela uhlobo losulelo B.

Umkhuhlane A vs. B isifo
Umkhuhlane A	Umkhuhlane B
Uvavanyo lokuqonda isifo somkhuhlane ngokukhawuleza (i-RIDT) Ukuvavanywa ngokukhawuleza kweemolekyuli Inkcubeko yintsholongwane Ukubuyela umva kukhuphelo lwe-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela uhlobo lwenoveli A uhlobo)	Uvavanyo lokuqonda isifo somkhuhlane ngokukhawuleza (i-RIDT) Ukuvavanywa ngokukhawuleza kweemolekyuli Inkcubeko yintsholongwane

Unyango

Umkhuhlane A

Ngelishwa, akukho lonyango luya kuyiphelisa ngokupheleleyo intsholongwane yomkhuhlane. Kodwa kukho iindlela zokulawula iimpawu zayo kunye nokunciphisa ubude bayo.

Uninzi lwabantu luzingela phantsi ngamayeza asekhaya njengamanzi amaninzi, ukuphumla okuninzi, isuphu yenkukhu eyenziwe ekhaya, kunye neentlungu zokuthomalalisa ibuprofen (Motrin) kwaye i-acetaminophen (iTylenol) . Oku kuhlala kusebenza, kodwa kuphela ekupheliseni iimpawu zomkhuhlane.

Kubantu abanomkhuhlane uA Ngubani oyinxalenye yamaqela asemngciphekweni omkhulu weengxaki (abantwana, abantu abadala, ezinye iimeko zonyango), okanye abaneempawu ezibi, ababoneleli ngezempilo banokuyalela amayeza antiviral Itamiflu (oseltamivir phosphate) , I-Relenza (zanamivir) , okanye iRapivab (peramivir). La machiza akayi ukuphelisa le ntsholongwane, kodwa baza ukunciphisa isakhono layo ukuba qhoboshela iiseli kunye phindaphinda ngakumbi, ngokumandla kunciphisa ubude bayo kunye nokuthintela ezinye iingxaki. Zisebenza kakhulu ukuba zithathwe ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-48 zokugula.

Umkhuhlane B

Uhlobo lonyango lwe-B luphantse lwafana ngohlobo lonyango. Eyona mpendulo ixhaphakileyo kukuvumela isigulo ukuba siqhube ikhosi yaso ngelixa sisebenzisa ulwelo, ukuphumla, kunye nokusela amayeza.

Ngenxa yokuba umkhuhlane B ngokubanzi ungaphantsi, awunakufuna amayeza antiviral, nangona ababoneleli bezempilo benokuthi babanike abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu.

Umkhuhlane A vs. B unyango
Umkhuhlane A	Umkhuhlane B
Unyango lwasekhaya (ulwelo, ukuphumla, ukunciphisa iintlungu ze-OTC) Amayeza amayeza antivirals	Unyango lwasekhaya (ulwelo, ukuphumla, ukunciphisa iintlungu ze-OTC) Amayeza amayeza antivirals

Ezinxulumene: Unyango lomkhuhlane kunye namayeza

Imiba yomngcipheko

Umkhuhlane A

I-Influenza A ayimnandanga kumntu oqhelekileyo. Okwangoku, kunokuba yingozi kubantu abadala (i-65 okanye ngaphezulu), abantwana, abafazi abakhulelweyo, abantu abane-immune system, okanye abantu abanesifo esinganyangekiyo (njengesifo sentliziyo, isifo sezintso, okanye isifuba).

Umkhuhlane B

Izinto ezinobungozi kuhlobo losulelo lwe-B kunye neengxaki ziyafana, nangona umkhuhlane B uxhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwabantwana.

Umkhuhlane A vs. B umngcipheko
Umkhuhlane A	Umkhuhlane B
Uneminyaka engama-65 okanye ngaphezulu Umdala 5 okanye omncinci Ukukhulelwa Ukutyeba kakhulu Iimeko ezingapheliyo (isifo sombefu, isifo sentliziyo, isifo sezintso, njl. Amandla omzimba abuthathaka	Uneminyaka engama-65 okanye ngaphezulu Umdala 5 okanye omncinci Ukukhulelwa Ukutyeba kakhulu Iimeko ezingapheliyo (isifo sombefu, isifo sentliziyo, isifo sezintso, njl. Amandla omzimba abuthathaka

Ezinxulumene: Ngawaphi amaqela asemngciphekweni omkhulu weengxaki zomkhuhlane?

Uthintelo

Umkhuhlane A

Isicwangciso esisebenzayo sothintelo lomkhuhlane olusebenzayo (kunye nokuphila impilo esempilweni ngokubanzi) kukunciphisa ukubekeka engozini. Ithetha ukuba ukuhlamba izandla , ukunqanda ukudibana okwandisiweyo nabantu abosulelekileyo, ukubulala iintsholongwane kwiindawo ezisulelekileyo, njl.njl. Nabani na osele wehlile nomkhuhlane A unokunceda ukunqanda ukusasazeka kwawo ngokuhlala ekhaya aze akhohlele okanye athimle engqinibeni.

Ngaphandle koko, eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokukhusela kukugonya komkhuhlane (ukudubula komkhuhlane). Zimbini iintlobo. Isitofu sokugonya esikhuselayo sikhusela kwiintsholongwane ezimbini zomkhuhlane u-A (H1N1 kunye no-H3N2) kunye nomkhuhlane ongu-B, ngelixa isitofu sokuthintela i-quadrivalent sithintela kwezi zintathu kunye nohlobo olunye lwe-B.

Iimpawu zomkhuhlane A (H3N2) zinokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza, nangona kunjalo, amagosa ezempilo kufuneka alindele ukuvela kwawo minyaka le. Ngenxa yoko, ugonyo lonyaka lomkhuhlane inokusebenza ngokuncinci kuthintelo losulelo lwe-A ukuba olo qikelelo lucimile.

Umkhuhlane B

Ukuthatha amanyathelo afanayo okhuseleko (ukuhlamba izandla, ukuthintela abantu abagulayo, njl. Njl.) Ngokufanelekileyo kuthintela usulelo lwe-B kunye nokusasazeka. Isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane ukubheja okukhuselekileyo komkhuhlane B, kodwa ngekhe kusoloko kungumdlalo ofanelekileyo kuxinzelelo lonyaka.

Kubalulekile ukulahla intsomi eqhelekileyo apha. Ukufumana umkhuhlane akunakosulela umntu ngomkhuhlane A okanye B. Amachiza anentsholongwane efileyo okanye iprotein enye yomkhuhlane, okanye kwimeko yesitofu sokutshiza ngeempumlo esibuthathaka kwintsholongwane ephilayo, akukho nanye kuzo ngokwaneleyo ukosulela umntu .

Ungawuthintela njani umkhuhlane A vs.
Umkhuhlane A	Umkhuhlane B
Ukuphepha abantu abagulayo Ukuhlamba izandla Indawo yokubulala iintsholongwane Ukugcina ukutya okunempilo, ukulala kunye nokuzilolonga Ugonyo lwexesha lomkhuhlane	Ukuphepha abantu abagulayo Ukuhlamba izandla Indawo yokubulala iintsholongwane Ukugcina ukutya okunempilo, ukulala kunye nokuzilolonga Ugonyo lwexesha lomkhuhlane

Uza kubona nini ugqirha womkhuhlane A okanye uB

Uninzi lwabantu luya kukhwela umkhuhlane ekhaya buye kuphela neempawu ezinobulali. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kungcono ukutyelela umboneleli wakho wezempilo. Nabani na omnye okanye ngaphezulu umngcipheko weengxaki ezidweliswe apha ngasentla kufuneka acinge ngokubona ingcali ukuqinisekisa ukuba ayiguquli kwisifo esibi okanye isifo sokuphefumla.

Umboneleli wezempilo unokuba yimfuneko kubantu abaneempawu ezinzima okanye ezinde okanye ezinye iingxaki ezinje ngokuphefumla nzima, iintlungu zesifuba, isiyezi ngokukhawuleza, ukugabha, ukuqina kwentamo, okanye ukulahleka kwengqondo.

Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga noMkhuhlane A no-B

Yintoni eyona imbi kakhulu: umkhuhlane A okanye umkhuhlane B?

Uhlobo lomkhuhlane A kunye nohlobo B ziyafana, kodwa uhlobo A luxhaphake kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha lubi kakhulu, kwaye kunokubangela ubhubhane womkhuhlane kunye nobhubhane.

Ngaba umkhuhlane yintsholongwane okanye ibhaktiriya?

Umkhuhlane A yintsholongwane, nangona inokubonakalisa iimpawu ezifanayo zokuphefumla kwezifo, njenge-sinusitis.

Uhlala ixesha elingakanani udidi lomkhuhlane?

Iimpawu zihlala zihlala kwiintsuku ezintlanu ukuya kwezi sixhenxe, nangona zinokuhlala iiveki ezimbini. Ukufumana umkhuhlane ngaphambi kokukhupha okanye ukuthatha amayeza antiviral kunokunceda ukunciphisa ixesha.

Umkhuhlane A no-B wosulela ixesha elingakanani?

Abantu abanomkhuhlane bayosulela kusuku olunye phambi kokuba iimpawu zikhule kwaye kwiintsuku ezintlanu ukuya kwezisixhenxe emva koko.

Ngaba umkhuhlane uhamba wedwa?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, ewe. Ngokubanzi, iya kuqhuba ikhosi yayo kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe ukuya kwi-10. Abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu (abantwana, abantu abadala, abo baneemeko esele zikho, njl. Njl.) Banokufuna ukubona umboneleli wezempilo ukunqanda ukubakho kobunzima bomkhuhlane.