Iimaski zobuso 101: Into ekufuneka uyazi ngokufihla

Impilo-ntle

Ukunxiba imaski yobuso yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo onokuzithatha ukuthintela ukuhanjiswa kwe-coronavirus, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-COVID-19. Amanye amanyathelo abalulekileyo onokuwathatha? Amagosa ezempilo oluntu acebisa ukuhlanjwa kwezandla, ukudanjiswa kwezentlalo ubuncinci iinyawo ezi-6, ukungachukumisi ubuso bakho, nokucoca kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane kwindawo ekungqongileyo. Ngokusebenzisa onke la manyathelo okhuseleko, awunako ukuzigcina wena kunye nosapho lwakho usempilweni kuphela- kodwa noluntu lwakho ngokubanzi.

Kodwa ngenxa yokuba uyazi kufanele ukufihla akuthethi ukuba uyazi Njani . Apha, sithetha neengcali zezifo ezosulelayo malunga nezinto ezizezona zilungele iimaski zobuso ezinokuphinda zisebenze, indlela yokuzinxiba ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye nini kwaye njani ukucoca iimaski zakho ngokufanelekileyo.

Iimaski zobuso zithintela njani ukusasazeka kwe-coronavirus?

Ilaphu okanye iimaski zotyando zikunceda ukuthintela ukuhanjiswa kwezifo zokuphefumla ezinje nge-COVID-19 ngokusebenzisa amathontsi omoya akhutshwe ngexesha lokuthimla, ukukhohlela, okanye nokuthetha, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezingenamoya ungako, nezincinci. (Ukunxiba imaski kunokukukhusela nakwingqele eqhelekileyo okanye umkhuhlane, apho isifundo se-2018 esimiselweyo sinokubakho emoyeni .) Ukongeza, ukunxiba imaski kunokuthetha ukuba awuzukugula xa usenza isivumelwano nekhoronavirus. Kuya kufuneka unxibe imaski ujikeleze nabani na ongahlali naye.

Eyona njongo yokugquma ubuso ngelaphu kukwehlisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-SARS-CoV-2 [i-COVID-19] isuka kubantu abosulelekileyo abanokuthi bosuleleke kodwa bengenazo iimpawu zeklinikhi zentsholongwane okanye abanokuba neempawu zokuqala okanye ezinobulali abazenzayo Andazi, utsho URavina Kullar , Pharm.D., MPH, olidlelane kunye nesithethi se Izifo ezosulelayo zoMbutho waseMelika . Nangona kunjalo, i-CDC ikwatsho ukuba ukumbozwa kobuso kunokunika ukhuseleko ngokuchasene nokuvezwa kwakhona kwi-coronavirus. Okwangoku asazi ukuba umntu angaphinda abe aphinde afumane intsholongwane.

Uphononongo lwamva nje oluvela kumaziko ase-US oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lweZifo (CDC) luqikelela ukuba i-40% yosulelo lwe-coronavirus e-United States Iimpawu . Unokuba sisifo esingaphambi kwempawu, okanye, ukuba bekukho ixesha elibalulekileyo ukusukela kuvavanyo kunye nokufumana uvavanyo olubi, usenokuba uyifumene intsholongwane ngeloxesha.

Obo buso busemgangathweni bokukhusela i-coronavirus

Zininzi iimaski ezinokuphinda zisebenze onokukhetha kuzo, ukusuka kwimaski enemibala enemibala kwi-Intanethi ukuya kweyefashoni kumyili wakho owuthandayo. Isigqubuthelo sobuso esigqwesileyo sinezinto ezininzi zelaphu (iimaski zekotoni zezona zilungileyo) kwaye ilingana kakuhle phezu kwempumlo, umlomo, nasesilevini somntu onxibileyo. Ezinye iimaski ziza neepokotho zokucoca ulwelo. Unokuthenga iimaski zokusebenzisa umntu ngobuninzi kwi-Intanethi okanye kwivenkile zokuthenga okanye kwivenkile yeziyobisi.

Iindidi zobuso buso
Izixhobo	Izixhobo	Ukusebenza	Eyona ilungele
Isigqubuthelo se-n95	Imicu yeplastiki eyenziweyo	Iibhloko ezingama-95% zamasuntswana amancinci	Abasebenzi bezempilo
Amakhaka obuso	Iplastiki okanye ilaphu	Yehlisa ukubonakala kwentsholongwane kwangoko 96% ngaphakathi kwe-18 yokukhohlela	Abasebenzi bezempilo ukongeza kwimaski yobuso; abantu abaneengxaki zokuphefumla abangakwaziyo ukunxiba imaski
Iimaski ezinokuphinda zisebenze	Ilaphu	Ibhlokhi yeethonsi kwi-2,5; kufuneka ihlanjwe phakathi kosetyenziso ngalunye	Uluntu ngokubanzi
Iimaski ezisebenzisa kanye	Iphepha okanye ezinye izinto ezingalukwanga	Iibhloko zamathontsi ngo-8; kufuneka ilahlwe emva kokusetyenziswa ngakunye	Uluntu ngokubanzi

Uphononongo lwamva nje Usebenzise umatshini womsi kunye ne-manikin ukulingisa ukukhwehlela komntu ukujonga ngokungathandabuzekiyo ukuba amathontsi aya kuhamba kangakanani.

Amaconsi ahamba ngaphezulu kweenyawo ze-8 ngaphandle kwemaski. Ophumeleleyo ngokucacileyo waye imaski yelaphu zenziwe ngamanqanaba amabini e-quilting cotton, eye yamisa amathontsi malunga nee-intshi ezi-2.5. A imaski elahlwayo (kule meko, iCVS Cone Face Mask eyenziwe ngemicu eyahlukeneyo) igcine amathontsi ekuhambeni kude lee kunee-intshi ezi-8. Okokugqibela, isongelwe itshefu kwaye bandana babengcono kunanto, kodwa hayi kakhulu.

Ngokubalulekileyo, ukukhohlela okungafunyaniswanga kubanakho ukuhamba kude ngakumbi kunesikhokelo esinconywayo seenyawo ezi-6, isifundo sigqiba.

Olunye uphononongo kuvavanye ukhuseleko lwe amakhaka obuso xa kuthelekiswa neemaski zobuso. Nangona izikhuselo zobuso zithathe amanye amathontsi aya ebusweni, amanye amathontsi ayesakwazi ukuhamba ejikeleza ikhaka.

N95 yokuphefumla kunye neemaski ezikumgangatho ofanayo wezonyango kufuneka zisetyenziswe kuphela ngabaqeqeshi bezonyango abaphambili, abasadinga kakhulu izixhobo zokhuselo (PPE).

Ii-N95 kufuneka zilungiselelwe ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye ngekhe uzinxibe ixesha elide, ke ayisiyonto siyicebisayo le, abantu banxibe nje xa bengekho eluntwini, yatsho ingcali yesifo esosulelayo UAmesh Adalja , MD, umphengululi omkhulu kwiziko leYunivesithi yaseJohns Hopkins loKhuseleko lwezeMpilo. Sikwafuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba sinee-N95 ezaneleyo kubasebenzi bokhathalelo lwempilo-ke unokukwazi ukuzifumana ukuze zithengiswe, kodwa ayisiyonto sicebisa ukuba abantu bayithenge.

Ukuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko ayancomeka, kodwa uluntu ngokubanzi aludingi maski yobuso bezonyango ukubetha ivenkile; imask yobuso bomqhaphu ilungile.

Ngubani ofanele ukunxiba ubuso?

Ngokwe- i-CDC , Wonke umntu kufuneka anxibe isigqubuthelo sobuso kuseto loluntu. Kukho amaqela ambalwa akhutshiwe kolu ngcebiso:

• Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala
• Nabani na onengxaki yokuphefumla
• Nabani na ongekho zingqondweni, okhubazekileyo, okanye kungenjalo akakwazi ukususa ilaphu eligqume ubuso ngaphandle koncedo

Kulabo banengxaki yokuphefumla, uGqr. Kullar uthi ezinye iindlela zinokusetyenziswa, ezinje ngesikhuselo sobuso.

Yeyiphi imithetho ejikeleze iimaski zobuso kunye ne-coronavirus?

Imithetho yemaski yahlukile kuwo onke amazwe nakwizixeko. # Iimask4Zonke uwanciphisile amanani, kwaye phantse onke amazwe anezikhombisi ezikhoyo, kunye nenani elikhulayo elibagunyazisa esidlangalaleni ukuya kuthi ga kwenye. Isohlwayo sokunganxibi maski sahlukile ngokwendawo, kodwa sinokubandakanya isohlwayo okanye isamani.

Amashishini angahlawuliswa ukuba ayithobeli imigaqo yendawo. Banako inkonzo yenkunkuma kubathengi abangazinxibanga iimaski, okanye ubacele ukuba babeke enye ngaphambi kokungena kwishishini labo, nalapho iimaski zingagunyaziswanga ngumthetho.

Uyenza njani imaski yobuso ekhaya

Inkqubo ye- i-CDC ibonelela ngemiyalelo yokwenza iintlobo ezimbini zeemaski zobuso zelaphu: akukho kuthungwa kwaye kuqhelekile.

Akukho maski yobuso

Uzakufuna isiqwenga se-20 × 20 se-cotton (ukusuka kwisikhafu, i-bandana, itawuli, okanye i-T-shirt) kunye neebhendi zerabha okanye iqhina leenwele. (Unokubukela amanyathelo evidiyo Apha .)

1. Songa ilaphu kwisiqingatha
2. Songa umphezulu ezantsi kunye nezantsi ukuya kudibana embindini.
3. Beka iibhanti zerabha malunga nee-intshi ezi-6 ngaphandle kwelaphu.
4. Songa iziphelo zelaphu embindini uze uzifake kwimixokelelwane yerabha ukuze wenze imicu yendlebe.

Ilaphu lobuso eliqhelekileyo lelaphu

Ukongeza kumatshini wokuthunga, uyakufuna kwakhona iingxande ezimbini zelaphu lomqhaphu, elinganisa i-10 × 6 intshi inye; isiqwenga se-6-intshi se-elastic okanye into efanayo; inaliti nomsonto; nezikere.

Imiyalelo yeCDC zezi zilandelayo.

1. Beka iziqwenga zomqhaphu ngaphezulu komnye nomnye.
2. Songa phezu kwamacala long ubude kunye nehem. Emva koko songa umaleko ophindwe kabini welaphu ngaphezulu kwe-intshi ye-intshi ecaleni kwamacala amafutshane kwaye wehle phantsi.
3. Sebenzisa ubude be-intshi ezi-6 ye-1/8-intshi ebanzi nge-hem ebanzi kwicala ngalinye lesigqumathelo. Ezi iya kuba ziindlebe zeendlebe. Sebenzisa inaliti enkulu okanye ipini ye-bobby ukuyifaka. Zibophe iziphelo ngokuqinileyo. (Unokufaka endaweni yokubamba iponytail, imitya yelaphu, okanye iibhanti zentloko ukwenza ii-ear loops.)
4. Tsala ngobunono kwi-elastic ukuze amaqhina ancamathele ngaphakathi komphetho. Hlanganisa amacala emask kwi-elastic kwaye uhlengahlengise ukuze imaski ilingane ebusweni bakho. Emva koko gcina ukhuseleko kwindawo ebambekayo ukuze ungatyibiliki.

Kude kube nini unxiba imaski elahlwayo?

Ukugcina iimaski zakho zicocekile kubalulekile ukunqanda ukusasazeka kwe-COVID-19, ke sebenzisa imaski yakho kanye ngaphambi kokuba uyihlambe okanye uyilahle xa ilahlekile. Cinga imaski yakho-ngakumbi umphambili kunye necebo lokucoca ulwelo-ukuba lingcoliswe emva kokwenza konke.

Ugqirha Kullar ucebisa ngale ndlela ilandelayo yokususa imaski kwaye ke ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba sesichengeni:

1. Coca izandla zakho ngesepha namanzi okanye isicoci sezandla ngaphambi kokuchukumisa imaski.
2. Kuphephe ukubamba umphambili wemaski njengoko ingcolisiwe.
3. Chukumisa kuphela iindlebe / iqhina / ibhanti yeendlebe.
4. Bamba omabini amaluphu endlebe kwaye uphakamise ngobumnene kwaye ususe imaski.
5. Hlamba kwaye womise izandla kakuhle.

Iingcebiso zokucoca iimaski

Ukuba unesigqubuthelo esinokuhlambeka, unokuphosa iimaski zakho kunye nayo yonke impahla yakho kwaye uyiqhube kweyona ndawo ishushu. Ukuba awukwazi ukufikelela kumatshini wokuhlamba, sukukhathazeka. Ungahlamba imaski yakho ngesandla usebenzisa amanzi ashushu kunye nesepha, emva koko uyiyeke yome umoya. (I i-CDC ikwanolwazi lokuba ungaxuba njani iblitshi kunye namanzi kunye ukuze ufumane imask efanelekileyo.)

Ukuba imaski yakho ayisalingani ebusweni bakho kwaye kukho izikhewu phakathi kwengubo kunye nesilevu sakho, izidlele, okanye impumlo, lixesha lokuba uyithathe. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kuba kuyenza ilinge kakhulu ukubamba ubuso bakho ukulungisa imaski yakho.

Ukuba singanxiba wonke umntu ukuba afake imaski ngoku ndicinga ukuba kwiiveki ezine, ezintandathu, ezisibhozo singakwazi ukuwulawula lo bhubhane, utsho URobert Redfield , MD, umlawuli weCDC. Ukunxiba imaski kunokongeza amanyathelo ambalwa kusuku lwakho kwaye uzive ungonwabanga, kodwa ngumzamo omncinci wentlawulo enkulu kangaka.