Ngaba ityiwa imbi kuwe? Nasi isizathu sokuba izazinzulu zingavumelani

Impilo-ntle

Xa kuziwa kwi-sodium chloride, eyaziwa ngcono njengetyuwa, kukho into enye oososayensi noogqirha bayavumelana ngayo: Umzimba wakho ufuna isixa esithile sayo. Isodium iyanceda ukulawula amanqanaba omzimba kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi kwaye kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwemisipha kunye nemithambo-luvo.

Kodwa xa kufikwa kubungakanani be-sodium esiyifunayo-okanye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ingakanani isodiyam eninzi kakhulu-kulapho ukungaboni ngasonye kuqala khona. Imibutho yezempilo idibanise ukungenisa isodium engaphezulu kwiingxaki zentliziyo ezinje ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi, isifo sentliziyo, kunye nomngcipheko owandileyo wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunye nemivumbo, kodwa oogqirha abaninzi bacinga ukuba uninzi lwabantu luyayitya ityuwa kwaye luyayidinga ukuze uphile impilo. Abantu abanesifo sezintso kucingelwa ukuba zinokuphucuka ukuba bayakuphepha ukungenisa ityuwa kakhulu. Ke yeyiphi, kwaye kutheni indawo yonyango yahlulwe kwimpendulo?

Ngaba ityuwa ilungile okanye ayilunganga kuwe?

Mhlawumbi ukhe weva okanye wafunda kwenye indawo ukuba ukutya ityiwa eninzi akulunganga kuwe. Ngapha koko, kuye kwakho amawaka amanqaku abhalwe ngalo mbandela ngqo, kodwa loo manqaku awasoloko ejonga umda opheleleyo wobudlelwane phakathi kokutya ityuwa kunye nempilo yentliziyo. Uphononongo lwe-2016 olwenziwe yiYunivesithi yaseColumbia kunye neYunivesithi yaseBoston, ekhankanywe kwi Inzululwazi mihla le , yajonga amaphepha emfundo ahambelana nokutya ityuwa angama-269 abhalwa phakathi kowe-1979 nowe-2014 aza afumanisa ukuba kukho ukungavisisani okunzulu phakathi kwababhali. Uphononongo luye lwagweba ukuba iphepha ngalinye liyayixhasa okanye liyiphikisile ikhonkco phakathi kokuncitshiswa kokutya kwe-sodium kunye namanqanaba asezantsi esifo sentliziyo, ukubetha, kunye nokufa kwaye yafumanisa ukuba i-54% iyayixhasa le ngcamango, i-33% iyiphikisile le mbono, kwaye i-13% ibingahambelani. Baye bafumanisa ukuba ababhali bamaphepha ngapha nangapha komcimbi banamathuba okuba bacaphule iingxelo ezenze isigqibo esifana nesokukhankanya iingxelo ezenza isigqibo esahlukileyo. Oku kubuza ukuba athembeke kangakanani na amaphepha.

Inyaniso kukuba ityuwa ilungile kwaye ayilunganga kuwe. Ukugcina inani elinempilo lesodiyamu kwinkqubo yakho kubalulekile ebomini, kodwa ukuba kuninzi okanye kuncinci kunokuba yingozi kwaye kukhokelele kwiingxaki zempilo zexesha elide. Inkqubo ye- I-American Heart Association (AHA) icebisa ungadluli kwii-milligram ezingama-2,300 ngosuku kwaye usiya kumda ofanelekileyo ongadluli kwi-1,500 mg ngosuku kubantu abadala abaninzi.

Ingxaki kukuba amaMelika atya, kwi-avareji, i-3,400 mg ye-sodium ngosuku. Oko kungaphezulu kabini kwesodium njengoko i-AHA icebisa. Sipheka ukutya okunetyiwa kwaye sihlala songeza ityiwa kuzo xa zifika etafileni. Ukutya okulungisiweyo kunye nokulungisiweyo kunokuba ngaphezulu kwi-sodium. Kubantu abaninzi, kunokubonakala kungenangqondo ukugcina umyinge we-2,300 mg we-sodium ngosuku-ngaphantsi kwe-1,500 mg. Okwangoku, inokwenziwa ngokutya okunomda kunye nokujonga ngononophelo ukungeniswa kwetyuwa, kodwa ngaba kufanelekile?

Izibonelelo zempilo zetyuwa

Isodiyam yi-electrolyte, yona iyiminerali enokuthi iqhube isigxina sombane xa inyibilika kulwelo njengegazi. Kananjalo, isebenza indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yentliziyo kunye nemetabolism yomzimba. Isodiyam inceda umzimba ugcine amanqanaba esiqhelo amanzi kwaye udlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimithambo-luvo nakwimisipha. Abantu babekholelwa ukuba ukutya ityuwa eninzi kunokukwenza unxanwe ngakumbi, kodwa a Isifundo se-2017 kwiJenali yoPhando lweKlinikhi ifumanise ukuba ukutya ityuwa eninzi kukhokelele kulondolozo lwamanzi emzimbeni, okwenza abantu bangaphantsi kwamashumi amathathu. Oogqirha abaninzi bakuthatha oku kuthetha ukuba, xa unikwe ityuwa kunye namanzi aneleyo, umzimba uyakwazi ukukhetha inqanaba lesodium.

Ngokwe-AHA, imizimba yethu inokusebenza kakuhle ngaphantsi kwe-500 mg yesodium ngosuku. Ngaphantsi kwekota enye yetispuni yetyuwa. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba ukutya okunetyuwa encinci kulunge kuwe kunokutya okuqhelekileyo. Izifundo zibonise ukuba izidlo eziphakathi kweendawo zetyuwa-ezo zithathwa njengesiqhelo njengesiqhelo, njengesiqhelo, kunye nokutya okuphezulu kwesiqhelo- azibonisi umohluko ubalulekileyo kwiziphumo zempilo ngokubanzi kubantu abaninzi. Ukutya kuthathwa njenge-sodium ephantsi, kwelinye icala, inokuphantse ibe mpilo njengalezo ziphezulu kwi-sodium.

Imithombo yokutya i-sodium

Ngaphezulu kwe-70% ye-avareji yokutya kwe-sodium kuza ngokutya okuphekiweyo, okulungisiweyo kunye nokutya. Olunye uhlobo ikakhulu luhlobo olufafaza ngalo ngokwakho, kwaye luza kuluhlu olubanzi lokhetho. Kukho ityuwa ye-kosher, ityuwa yolwandle, itafile yetyuwa, ityuwa epinki, ityuwa epinki, kwanetyuwa yaseHawaii kunye neetyuwa zeHimalaya. Zonke ziyafana ngokumalunga nexabiso lesondlo, ngaphandle kwetyuwa ene-ayodini.

Into esiyenzayo e-U.S kunye neendawo ezininzi emhlabeni zibeka iodine kwityuwa, utshilo uKristy Bates, ugqirha wezonyango obhalisiweyo kunye nesibhedlele iAspen Valley eColorado. Uthi yinto entle leyo kuba iodine inceda ekuthinteleni i-hypothyroidism, ekhokelela kwi-goiter (ukwanda okungaqhelekanga kwedlala lengqula). Kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, iodine iyasilela ekutyeni, ke ngoko, iodine ixutywe netyiwa enokutyiwa ukunqanda ukusilela kwe-iodine.

Ukuba ufuna ukubeka i-salt shaker kude kwaye ungakuthandi ukutya okupakishiweyo okanye okulungisiweyo, ungatya ukutya okunempilo kwaye ufumane isodium ngokwaneleyo kwimithombo efana nenyama, iqokobhe, ii-beet, iseleri, iminqathe, i-cantaloupe, isipinatshi, i-chard, i-artichokes, kunye Ingca yolwandle. Imithombo yolwelo elungileyo yesodiyam ibandakanya ubisi kunye namanzi ecoconut. Iziphuzo zemidlalo zihlala zigqithisa izinto ngesodiyam kunye noshukela, ngokweeBates, ke ngoko wayenencam yamagorha empela veki yokuvuselela amanzi ngaloo ndlela.

Ibhotile enye yesiselo sezemidlalo ungasolula ube zintathu, utshilo. Ifomula efanelekileyo yokugcwaliswa kwakhona kwe-electrolyte iya kuba sisithathu sento ekwibhotile yesiselo semidlalo. Yahlulahlule, kwaye unokufumana ezintathu ngexabiso elinye.

Iingozi zempilo zetyuwa

Uninzi loogqirha lucebisa ukuba uninzi lwabantu lufumane isodium encinci kwizidlo zabo. Amanqanaba esodiyam aphezulu egazini anokubangela ukudumba, okunokuthi, ekuhambeni kwexesha kukubeka emngciphekweni yeengxaki ezininzi zempilo, kubandakanya uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, umhlaza wesisu, amatye ezintso, intloko ebuhlungu, i-osteoporosis, stroke kunye nokusilela kwentliziyo.

Ukudumba luhlobo lombulali othuleyo, utshilo uBates. Awunakuqonda ukuba udumbile. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ube buhlungu, ngenxa yoko inokuqhubeka kangangeminyaka engama-20, kwaye ngekhe uyiqonde de imithambo yegazi yakho ithotywe.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa unetyiwa eninzi?

IHypernatremia — isodiyam eninzi egazini — iyafana nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, xa amanzi enqabile emzimbeni. Kwiimeko ezibukhali ngokwesiqhelo akubangelwa kukutya ityiwa eninzi. Endaweni yoko, kunokuziswa ngokungaseli manzi ngokwaneleyo, urhudo oluqatha, ukugabha, umkhuhlane, isifo sezintso, isifo seswekile i-insipidus (ukulahleka kwehomoni yamanzi), amayeza athile, kunye neendawo ezitshisayo ezinkulu kulusu.

Iimpawu zehypernatremia zibandakanya:

• Unxaniwe
• Ukuchama rhoqo
• Ukugcinwa kwamanzi, okanye ukufumana ubunzima
• Ukudumba, ukudumba, okanye ukudumba
• Iintloko rhoqo

Ukongeza kwezi mpawu, ekuhambeni kwexesha isodiyam eninzi kunokubangela ukuba incasa yakho ingabi nochuku, oko kuthetha ukuba ukutya kuphulukana nencasa, okuthetha ukuba unokongeza ityuwa eninzi kuyo ukuze incasa. Kungayinto encinci yesiphumo se-snowball esinokubalwa ngokuthatha amanyathelo okutya ukutya okune-sodium encinci. Nangona zingenakuba yimfuneko kuye wonke umntu, izidlo ezithintela ukutya kwe-sodium ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-2,300 mg ngosuku (malunga netispuni yetyuwa) zihlala zimiselwe abantu abaneemeko ezithile zonyango ezinje ngoxinzelelo lwegazi, isifo sezintso kunye nokusilela kwentliziyo. Amanqanaba esodium ephantsi inokukunceda ukwenza loo mayeza abantu asebenza ngakumbi.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa ungenayo i-sodium eyaneleyo ekutyeni kwakho?

Hyponatremia —Iisodiyamu encinci egazini — yinto enqabileyo enokubangelwa ngamayeza athile, iingxaki zentliziyo, izintso, okanye isibindi, utshintsho lwehomoni, utywala obungapheliyo, ukungondleki, okanye ukusela nje amanzi amaninzi. Oku kuye kwaziwa ukuba kwenzeka kwiimbaleki ezi-hydrate xa zingabilo kakhulu kwaye abantu abasebenzisa iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni, ngakumbi i-MDMA, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-ecstasy okanye i-molly.

Iimpawu zehyponatremia zibandakanya:

• Ukudinwa
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha, iicramps, okanye i-spasms
• Ukudideka, ukungazinzi, okanye ukucaphuka
• Ukuxhuzula

I-hyponatremia emnene, engapheliyo inokuhamba ingabonakali kwaye ayinakubangela naziphi na iimpawu ezibonakalayo, kodwa yona inokuba negalelo kumanqanaba aphezulu ye-cholesterol kunye ne-triglycerides (uhlobo lwamafutha) egazini. I-hyponatremia ebukhali, xa amanqanaba esodium ehla ngokukhawuleza, kunokukhokelela kukudumba kwengqondo, ukubanjwa, isiqaqa, kunye nokufa. Imeko inokuhlala ithintelwa ngokunyanga naziphi na iimeko zonyango ezinokubangela i-hyponatremia, okanye ngokusela amanzi ngokumodareyitha okanye ulwelo olunee-electrolyte xa usenza imisebenzi yomzimba okanye imidlalo.

Ngubani omele ukulandela ukutya okuphantsi kwesodium?

Abantu abaninzi abanyangeki ngetyuwa, oko kuthetha ukuba inani le-sodium ekudleni kwabo ayitshintshi uxinzelelo lwegazi. Abanye, abanolwazelelelo ngetyuwa, banokubona uxinzelelo lwegazi lwabo lunyuka ngamanqaku amahlanu okanye nangaphezulu ukuba baya kutya ukutya okunesodiyam ephezulu. Kuba bantu, abahlala benengcinezelo ephezulu yegazi ukuqala, ukutya okuphantsi kwe-sodium kunokubaluleka kwimpilo yonke. Ukutya okunesodiyamu ephantsi kunokunceda abantu abazama ukunciphisa umzimba, njengoko amanqanaba aphezulu esodium ebangela ukuba umzimba ugcine amanzi, onokuthi ube negalelo ekuzuzeni ubunzima.

Ukulandela ukutya okune-sodium encinci, qiniseka ukuba ufunda iilebhile zolwazi ngesondlo kwaye ukhethe izinto ezinetyuwa encinci. Beka isitshizi setyuwa kunye nexesha lokutya kunye nezinye iziqholo. Gwema ukutya okupakishwe okanye okulungiselelwe. Musa ukutya kwiindawo zokutyela rhoqo, kwaye ngakumbi thintela i-AHA's Salty Six: isonka, ukusika okubandayo, ipitsa, iinkukhu, isuphu, kunye nesandwich.

Ityuwa ingakanani ngosuku ekhuselekileyo?

Kulabo bangenalo uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, kukho ubungqina bokuba ityuwa oyityayo ayenzi nto ekuchaphazeleni uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nezinye iimpawu zokumakisha zempilo. Oko kuthethwa, kukho ubungqina bokuba ukusebenzisa i-sodium encinci sisicwangciso sobuchule kwixesha elide. Ngokubalulekileyo, ngaphandle kokuba inani le-sodium egazini lakho libangela iingxaki, naliphi na inani eliphakathi kwama-500 mg kunye nama-3,400 mg ngosuku likhuselekile. Umbono ongcono, nangona kunjalo, iya kuba kukuzama ukuhlala ngaphakathi kwezikhokelo ze-AHA ze-1,500 mg ukuya kwi-2,300 mg ngosuku. Olu luhlu uninzi loogqirha kunye nososayensi abanokuvumelana ngalo.