Imibuzo eli-11 yolawulo lokuzalwa-iphendulwe
Ulwazi lweziyobisiAmashumi asithoba anesithoba eepesenti yabasetyhini abasebenza ngokwesondo baseMelika baxela ukusebenzisa ezinye izinto zokuthintela ukukhawula, ngokweenkcukacha-manani ezikhutshwe ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka Amayeza eYale . Ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yokuba ixhaphake kakhulu, kubalulekile ukucacisa amarhe, ukungaqondi, kunye nolawulo lokuzalwa kweentsomi.
Xa abasetyhini bekhetha indlela yokuthintela ukukhulelwa, iingcinga malunga neefom ezahlukeneyo zichaphazela izigqibo zabo. Kwaye uninzi lwethu luve ngolunye uhlobo lolwazi olubi-njengolawulo lokuzalwa lukwenza utyebe. Okanye, yonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza kwaye inokuchaphazela ukuzala phantsi komgca. Abanye abantu bade bathi iihomoni zikwenza uphambane.
Ukuba uphanda apho uqala khona, kulula ukuwela emngxunyeni omnyama weReddit malunga namava amabi kunye namabali ayoyikisayo. Emva koko, ukufunda uphononongo lokuthintela ukukhulelwa okufanayo kwezinye iiforamu. Ukukhetha phakathi kwezinto ezininzi onokukhetha kuzo-enye ilungele indlela yakho yokuphila kunye nempilo yobuqu akufuneki ibe nzima kunokuba sele ikho.
Lixesha lokuba ufumane iskoop yokwenyani kwizibonelelo, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, umngcipheko, kunye nokusebenza kolawulo lokuzalwa.
Imibuzo eqhelekileyo yolawulo lokuzalwa
Apha, fumana iimpendulo zeyona mibuzo ibuzwa rhoqo malunga nolawulo lokuzalwa, ukuze ube nokufumana ulwazi oludingayo xa kufikwa kumba wokuthintela inzala-kwaye akukho loyiko ungenalo.
1. Ngaba ulawulo lokuzalwa kwehomoni lundenza ndityebe?
Impendulo emfutshane nguhayi, utshoUtshilo uJen Kaiser, MD, unjingalwazi oncedisayo kucwangciso losapho kwiYunivesithi yase-Utah. Kwizifundo ezinkulu zamachibi asiboni ukunyuka kobunzima xa kuthelekiswa nento onokuyifumana ngokwendalo ekunciphiseni imetabolism kunye nokuguga. Ke, oko kuthetha ukuba kuninzi lwabasetyhini, iipilisi zolawulo lokuzalwa, imisesane yelungu lobufazi kunye neepatches zokuthintela ukukhulelwa akunakulindeleka ukuba zichaphazele ubunzima. Masiphinde: Ulawulo lokuzalwa lwehomoni akunakulindeleka ukwenza ukuba utyebe. Oku kuthe tye emlonyeni kagqirha kwaye yenye yezona zifundo zibanzi (kwaye zihlaziyiwe) zesayensi, ipapashiwe kwi IZiko leLizwe loLwazi lweBiotechnology . Malunga ne-5% yezigulana, kunokubakho ukugcinwa kolwelo ngelixa kulawulo lokuzalwa, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-edema. Oku kunokukhokelela kukutshintsha okuncinci kubunzima.
2. Ndingamitha usuku olunye kuphela ngenyanga?
Ukuba unesiqhelo, umzimba wakho ukhupha iqanda elinye, ngosuku olunye kwinyanga nganye. Kodwa iwindow xa unokukhulelwa inde kakhulu kuneeyure ezingama-24. Iqanda lifumaneka kuphela ukuba lidibaniswe malunga neeyure ezili-12 ukuya kwezi-24 emva kokukhutshwa kweqanda, ngokuka Umbutho waseMelika wokukhulelwa . Kodwa, isidoda sinokuhlala emzimbeni kangangeentsuku ezingama-3-5 emva kwesondo. Yongeza ukuba kumhla iqanda lifumaneka, iwindow yakho echumileyo inyuka iye kwiintsuku ezingama-5-7. Ngamanye amagama, unokukhulelwa malunga neveki.
Imijikelezo yendalo Inkqubo evunyiweyo ye-FDA evumela abasebenzisi ukuba balandelele imijikelezo yabo ye-ovulation. Yindlela engena-hormone yokuqonda ngcono xa unako-kwaye mhlawumbi akunakulindeleka ukuba ukhulelwe inyanga yonke. Uhlelo lokusebenza luxelela abasebenzisi yonke imihla ukuba lusuku oluhlaza, okanye usuku olubomvu enyangeni. Ngeentsuku ezibomvu, abasebenzisi banamathuba okuba bakhulelwe kwaye kufuneka basebenzise ikhondom okanye bayeke ukwabelana ngesondo ukukhusela ukukhulelwa okungacwangciswanga. Ngaba iipesenti ezingama-98 zisebenza njengesicwangcisi ngokusetyenziswa ngokugqibeleleyo, kunye neepesenti ezingama-93 zisebenza ngokuqhelekileyo.
3. Ndingabelana ngesondo ngaphandle kwekhondom mhla ndiqala ngolawulo lokuzalwa kwehomoni?
Hayi ukuba ufuna isiqinisekiso sokungakhulelwa. Kungathatha ukuya evekini ukuba indlela yakho entsha yolawulo lokuzalwa isebenze ngokupheleleyo- kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lothintelo lokucwangcisa olikhethayo (ipilisi, i-IUD, ukufakelwa, okanye iDepo-provera) kunye nalapho ukuyo ngoku kumjikelo wakho. Kungcono ukusebenzisa iikhondom kangangeentsuku ezisixhenxe emva kokuqala ipilisi, okanye ukufumana implant, IUD, okanye ukudubula-ke uya kucaca.
Ubhedu IUD yimeko ekhethekileyo. Isebenza ngokukhawuleza, ngokwe Umzali ocwangcisiweyo . Kwaye khumbula, ziikhondom kuphela ezinokukhusela kwii-STD kunye nee-STIs.
4. Ngaba ii-IUD zethusi zenza ixesha lakho libe mandundu?
IParagard , ekuphela kwe-IUD yobhedu evunyiweyo yi-FDA kwaye iyafumaneka e-US, inezibonelelo ezimbalwa ezithandwayo ngabasebenzisi: Ayisiyohomoni, ihlala iminyaka eli-10, inokusetyenziswa xa uncancisa, kwaye inokusetyenziselwa imeko engxamisekileyo uthintelo lokuthintela ukukhulelwa xa lufakiwe kwisithuba seentsuku ezintlanu emva kokwabelana ngesondo ngokungakhuselekanga. Kodwa ngokuka Ikliniki yaseMayo , Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinxulunyaniswa neParagard zibandakanya ukopha phakathi kwexesha, iicramps, iintlungu zokuya exesheni, nokopha kakhulu. Ngenxa yoku, i-IUD yobhedu isenokungabi yeyona ilungileyo kubafazi abathile.
5. Ngaba ukusebenzisa ulawulo lokuzalwa kwehomoni kunokubangela ukungachumi?
Usenokuba uvile ukuba iminyaka yokuthatha ipilisi, ukumiliselwa, okanye i-IUD yexesha elide iya kwenza kube nzima ukukhulelwa xa sele ukulungele-kodwa yintsomi nje leyo. Ezi ndlela zokuthintela ukukhulelwa ziphazamisa kuphela ukuchuma xa zisetyenziswa.
Azikho iindlela zolawulo lokuzalwa ezithi zinciphise amandla akho okukhulelwa xa uyeka, nokuba usebenzisa ixesha elingakanani kulawulo lokuzalwa, utshilo uGqirha Kaiser. Amandla akho okukhulelwa abuyela kuyo nayiphi na into eyayiyiyo ngaphambi kolawulo lokuzalwa. Oko kuthetha ukuba unethuba eliphezulu lokukhulelwa, uya kuba njalo. Ukuba ubunethuba eliphantsi, libuyela ekubeni lithuba eliphantsi. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kumandla akho okukhulelwa yiminyaka yobudala. Ukuba uzama ukukhulelwa kwi-40, oko kuya kuba nzima kunokuba uneminyaka engama-26.
6. Ngaba kufanelekile ukuba sexesheni inyanga nenyanga-nokuba ndikwimilinganiselo yokuzalwa?
Inkqubo ye- UMirena kwaye USkyla Ii-IUDs zinokunciphisa inani lamaxesha onawo, okanye uyeke ngokupheleleyo. Ukufakwa, ipilisi (xa isetyenziswa ngendlela ethile), kunye nokudubula kunokukuthintela ekubeni ube nexesha. Kwaye inyani yento yile, kulungile ngokupheleleyo kwaye ikhuselekile ukungabinalo ixesha ngenxa yeendlela zakho zolawulo lokuzalwa.
Umzimba wakho kufuneka uye exesheni kuphela xa kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhulelwe, ngokwe Umzali ocwangcisiweyo . Ulawulo lokuzalwa lwehormonal luthintela i-ovulation kwaye luyekise ulayini wesibeleko ekwakheni. Ukopha okufumanayo phakathi kweepakethe zepilisi okanye Ukunyuka ukuphuma kwegazi, impendulo kwisithuba kwiihormoni, hayi into efunwa ngumzimba wakho.
7. Ndingayilahla IUD yam?
Unako-i-IUD inokuwa (oku kubizwa ngokuba kukugxothwa), okanye uye kwindawo engeyoyayo (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-perforation). Le mingcipheko mibini ekufuneka uyiqwalasele xa ukhetha ubhedu okanye i-hormonal IUD, enje ngeMirena okanye UKyleena njengokuthintela inzala, ngokuka Iziko lezeMpilo labasetyhini laseColorado .
Ukugxothwa kunokwenzeka ngendalo, kodwa akuqhelekanga. Kwenzeka kuphela malunga ne-3% yokusetyenziswa kwe-IUD. Ukugqobhoza, xa i-IUD yakho ityhalela ngaphakathi okanye ngesihlunu sesibeleko, sesona sinzima sinqabile, sivela kwinto enye okanye ezibini kuphela zokufakwa kwe-IUD eyi-1 000. Ikwayingozi kakhulu. Zimbalwa kakhulu iimeko apho i-IUD ifudukele kwimimandla yesinqe, kwisisu, kumathambo esiswini nakwisinyi. Ukuba i-IUD iyahamba ngaphandle kwesibeleko, kufuneka isuswe ngotyando.
8. Ngaba kufuneka ndisele ipilisi yam yolawulo lokuzalwa e ngqo ixesha elifanayo yonke imihla?
Ewe kufanelekile. Nangona kubaluleke kangakanani oku kuxhomekeke kukuphi uhlobo lwepilisi oyithathayo. Zimbini iintlobo zeepilisi zokuthintela ukukhulelwa ezimiselweyo — ipilisi yokudibanisa yomlomo edibeneyo (COC) kunye nepilisi encinci, okanye ipilisi yeprogesin kuphela (POP). I-COC ithintela i-ovulation, ke kukho indawo enkulu yempazamo.
Nangona kunjalo, Iipesenti ezingama-40 kwabasetyhini basaphuma ngelixa bethatha ipilisi encinci, ngokweAmerican College of Obstetricians kunye neGynecologists (ACOG). Izithako ezisebenzayo zepilisi encinci ziqinisa kuphela incindi yomlomo wesibeleko kunye nencindi yesibeleko iiyure ezingama-24 ngexesha. Ke, kubalulekile (kunye nexesha elinobuzaza) ukuba nomnye umthamo ngaphakathi kwelo xesha.
Zombini ezi ndlela zifuna ukusetyenziswa ngokungaguquguqukiyo ukuze zisebenze kakhulu, ke kungcono uhlale kwishedyuli ukunqanda ukulahleka okanye ukulibala idosi yemihla ngemihla. Ikwabalulekile? Ukujonga nommiseli wakho okanye usokhemesti ukubona ukuba ulawulo lwakho lokuzalwa lungawachaphazela njani na amanye amayeza akho. Amanye amachiza, njengamayeza athile okubulala iintsholongwane okanye amayeza okulwa ukuxhuzula, anamandla okunyusa ukuthandwa kokuthintela ngomlomo. Kwaye amayeza athile anticoagulant anokusebenzisana okuyingozi kakhulu nolawulo lokuzalwa kwehomoni.
9. Ngaba lukhona olunye uhlobo lokulawula inzala?
Olona hlobo lolawulo lokuzalwa lolona luhlobo lukusebenzelayo, utshilo uGqr. Kaiser. Akukho fomu ibalaseleyo okanye ophumeleleyo wonke umntu xa kufikwa kulawulo lokuzalwa. Umfazi ngamnye kufuneka athathe isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi eyona nto imsebenzelayo, indlela aphila ngayo, kunye nomzimba wakhe. Ukuhlala phantsi kunye nokuncokola nengcali yezempilo yabasetyhini, i-OB / i-gynecologist, okanye ugqirha wakho wokhathalelo oluphambili unokukunceda unciphise ukhetho lwakho.
10. Ingaba ipilisi ingabangela umhlaza?
Le yintsomi-uhlobo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abaphandi bafumanise ukuba ngenxa yezicwangcisi zomlomo ziqulathe iinguqulelo ezenziwe ngabantu zesini sabasetyhini kunye neeprogesterone, utshintsho kumanqanaba ehomoni kunokubangela umhlaza webele, kodwa lunokukhusela nakumhlaza wesibeleko. Izifundo ezibanzi zibonise ukuba ulawulo lokuzalwa luboniswa ukunciphisa amathuba wesibeleko kunye nomhlaza we-ovari, utshilo uGqirha Kaiser.
Kodwa kukho umngcipheko omncinci ngokubhekisele kumhlaza wamabele, uqhubeka athi. Iqela laseDenmark liqhube uphononongo lwamawakawaka amabhinqa kwaye lafumanisa ukuba ulawulo lokuzalwa lunokuwonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wamabele. Ingumngcipheko omncinci kakhulu kodwa owandileyo ongakhange uhanjiswe lulo naluphi na olunye uphononongo olukhulu lwedama kwicandelo lethu. Ndixelela izigulana zam ukuba yinto ekufuneka iyikhumbule, kodwa njengabaqeqeshi bezonyango, asibeki bunzima kuyo okwangoku.
11. Ngaba ulawulo lokuzalwa kwehomoni luya kuchaphazela iimvakalelo zam?
Mhlawumbi, kodwa kunjalo, kwaye inzululwazi iyaphikisana. Isifundo esingaphezulu kwesigidi sabasetyhini baseDenmark abaneminyaka engaphezulu kwe-14-besebenzisa idatha ethembekileyo neyakhayo enje ngeekhowudi zokuqonda isifo kunye neerekhodi zemithi-icebisa ukuba kukho umngcipheko okhulayo woxinzelelo onxulunyaniswa konke iintlobo zokuthintela ukukhulelwa kwehomoni. Kodwa ayilo bali lipheleleyo.
Asiboni unxibelelwano olomeleleyo phakathi kolawulo lokuzalwa kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu kudlalwa kwizifundo ezininzi ezikhulu, kodwa ukuba isigulana sinexhala malunga nokutshintsha kwemozulu okanye iimpembelelo kwimpilo yabo yengqondo, kukho iindlela zokukhetha ezinamadlala amancinci okanye angenawo kwaphela. Ayisiyonto iqhelekileyo, kodwa ndizibonile izigulana ezinamava okuchaphazeleka kunye nokudakumba. Ukuba ukhathazekile malunga notshintsho lweemvakalelo, ndiyakhuthaza izigulana ukuba zisebenzisane nogqirha wazo wokuqala okanye ugqirha wezonyango ukuze bafumane isisombululo esingeyohomoni.
Ukuba unembali yoxinzelelo, okanye if ukuzalwa kolawulo lwehomoni akulunganga kuwe, zininzi ezinye iindlela onokukhetha kuzo-ukusuka kwi-IUD yobhedu ukuya kwi-app yeeMijikelezo yeNdalo-ezinokukunceda ukubuyisela ukhetho lwakho lokuzala ezandleni zakho.
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