Funda ngobungozi bokuba likhoboka lesiraphu sokukhohlela

Ulwazi lweziyobisi

Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo amayeza amiselweyo unokuba likhoboka. Kodwa ubusazi ukuba amayeza angathengiswayo anokuxhatshazwa? Isiraphu yokukhohlela ikhuseleke ngokupheleleyo (kwaye iluncedo) xa isetyenziswa njengoko bekucwangcisiwe. Xa usela kakhulu — ngabom okanye ngengozi — oko kubangela ukuba ibe phezulu, njengezinye iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni. Ezinye iintlobo zinobungozi kunezinye, ngakumbi ukuba unolutsha okanye abantwana abancinci ekhaya. Nantsi into ekufuneka uyazi ukunyanga oko kubanda kubi kwaye hlala ukhuselekile.

Ngaba isiraphu yokukhohlela iyakhobokisa?

Kuyaxhomekeka.Kukho iintlobo ezimbalwa ezahlukeneyo zokukhohlela kunye namayeza abandayo kwintengiso, kwaye ezinye zinokuba nezithako ezithathwa njengezikhuselekileyo kwaye zinobungozi obuncinci ekhaya.

Zimbini iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezinokuthi isiraphu sokukhohlela zisebenze ngokuxhomekeke kweliphi iyeza olithathayo, uyachaza UKimberly Brown, MD , ugqirha ongxamisekileyo eMemphis, eTennessee. Enye indlela kukuphelisa ukukhohlela (ukucinezela), kwaye enye kukunceda ukukhulula i-mucus ukunceda ukuba ikhohlele (expectorant). Ngokusekwe kwinto abayenzayo, izinto ezisebenzayo zahlukile-kwaye umngcipheko wokukhohlela isiraphu kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwahlukile.

Isikhohlisi sokucinezela

Izinto eziqhelekileyo ezisebenzayo zesiraphu yokukhohlela zibandakanya ikhowudi kunye ne-dextromethorphan [DXM], utshilo uKristi Torres, Pharm.D., Usokhemesti ophetheyo Iklinikhi yoNyango lweKlinikhi yaseAustin kunye nelungu leBhodi yokuPhononongwa kwezeMpilo eyodwa. Zombini ezi zithako zinokubangela ukozela kunye nokuphazamiseka, kwaye zinokubakho nokuphathwa gadalala.

(Iicodeine zokukhohlela isiraphu zifumaneka kuphela kwikhawuntara kumazwe athile, kwaye ke nakwiikhemesti ezininzi ziya kuhambisa kuphela amayeza.)

Ukuba isigulana sinokukhohlela okungapheliyo okuphazamisa ukulala, okanye kuthintele ukusebenza kwabo kwemihla ngemihla kunye nemveliso, ugqirha wabo unokumisela amayeza okhohlela okomeleleyo. Isiraphu-amandla okhohlela isiraphu anokuqulatha ikhowudi okanye ihydrocodone, eziiopioids ezinokubakho.

Isiraphu ezininzi zokukhohlela zineziselo ezinxilisayo, ke izigulana ezisokola ukuxhomekeka etywaleni okanye ezibuthathaka kufuneka zihlale zijonga uluhlu lwezithako, utshilo uGqirha Torres.

Abalindeleyo

Abalindeleyo banayo i-guaifenesin, eli liyeza elinomngcipheko ophantsi kakhulu wokuba umntu abe likhoboka lalo, utshilo uGqirha Brown.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba uthatha isiraphu yokukhohlela eninzi?

Ukukhwehlela kunye nokucinezelwa kwenzelwe ukunyanga ixesha elifutshane, ukukhohlela okungapheliyo, njengengqele eqhelekileyo , ngeedosi ezincinci. Xa zithathwa ixesha elide, okanye ziphakamileyo kakhulu, iziphumo ebezingalunganga ziyaqala ukudlala.

Isiraphu zokukhohlela ezingaphaya kwekhawuntare zihlala ziqulathe iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-dextromethorphan (DXM), efana ne-biochemical efanayo ne-codeine, utshilo uGqirha Brown. Xa uxhatshazwa, i-dextromethorphan inokubangela ukuba nesiyezi, ukugqwethwa kwembono, kunye nemibono. Kubalulekile ukuba uthatha amayeza e-counter-counter-counter-drug, uwathathe njengoko uyalelwe, kwaye uyazi ukuba unakho ukusetyenziswa kakubi kunye nokulutha kwizithako ezifana ne-dextromethorphan, kuchaza uGqirha Brown.

Ngaba isiraphu yokukhohlela iyingozi?

Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa okanye ukukhohlisa ngokukuko kunye nesiraphu ebandayo kunokuba yingozi okanye kubulale. I-DXM ichaphazela ubuchwephesha njengezinye izinto ezenziwa zii-hallucinogens, kubandakanya i-ketamine kunye ne-PCP, ebangela ukuba ube nemibono enobukrakra nangaphandle kwamava omzimba ahamba kunye nemincili. UStephen Loyd, MD , Ugqirha wamayeza angaphakathi kunye noprofesa onxulumene naye kwiYunivesithi yase-East Tennessee State. Ngexesha abanye abasebenzisi abanokubhekisela kulo 'njengohambo olubi,' i-DXM inokubangela ukuba abasebenzisi bazenzakalise, bagule kakhulu, okanye bafumane ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza.

Zeziphi iisiraphu zokukhohlela ezikhuselekileyo?

Isiraphu yokukhohlela kufuneka isetyenziselwe ukukhohlela kakhulu, utshilo uGqirha Torres. Ukuhlahlela, ubusi, kunye neziselo ezishushu zezinye iindlela azicebisayo ngaphambi kokufikelela kwisiraphu sokukhwehlela.

Umzekelo wamayeza afumanekayo angabandakanyi i-DXM icacile UMucinex (qiniseka ukubamba ibhokisi ethi Mucinex, hayi iMucinex DM, equlathe i-DXM), i-expectorant equlathe isithako se-guaifenesin. Ugqirha Brown ukwacebisa i-benzonatate njengenye indlela, iyeza lokuthintela ukukhwehlela elisebenza ukuba umqala ungasebenzi.

Zeziphi iisiraphu zokukhohlela ezinokusetyenziswa gwenxa?

Ezinye ezinokubakho izithako ezikhobokisayo enokufumaneka ngokukhohlela nakwisiraphu ebandayoI-dextromethorphan (DXM),hydrocodone kunye codeine. Uluhlu olungezantsi lubandakanya ezinye zezona zinto zixhaphakileyo zokukhohlela kunye namayeza abandayo anezi zithako.

• Ikhowudi I-Robitussin AC, i-Promethazine ene-codeine, i-Promethazine VC ene-codeine
• IHydrocodone : Tussionex, IHycodan
• Dextromethorphan : I-Robitussin DM, iMucinex DM, iDelsym, iNyQuil, iDayQuil

Ulutsha kunye nesiyobisi sesiraphu sokukhwehlela: Isilumkiso

Ukuba umntwana wakho ebegula, ngekhe wothuke xa ubona ibhotile yeRobitussin DM ebhegini yakhe kunye nezinto zesikolo. Kodwa, kukho isizathu sokukhathazeka. I-3.2% yabakwishumi elivisayo bayazibandakanya nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwesiraphu, ngokutsho kwe-2018 Ukubeka iliso kuPhando lwexa elizayo , Oko kuthetha ukuba basebenzisa ukukhwehlela kunye neyeza elibandayo ukuze baphakame. Isiraphu yokukhohlela sele ikhona amashumi eminyaka, kwaye umba wokulutha isiraphu yokukhohlela, ngakumbi kulutsha, ibiyingxaki eqhubekayo neqhubekayo.

IZiko leLizwe leSizwe ngokuSetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kulutsha ithi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokuxhatshazwa kwesiraphu yokukhwehlela zibandakanya: ukulahleka kokulungelelaniswa, ukuba ndindisholo, ukuziva ugula esiswini, ukonwaba, ukutshintsha kombono, kunye nokungabikho kweoksijini kwingqondo- enokubangela ukonakala kwengqondo. Ukuxuba amayeza aqukethe i-DXM kunye neziyobisi zokuzonwabisa okanye utywala kuyinto eqhelekileyo kwaye kuyingozi kakhulu.

Kuba uphando lubonisa ukuba ulutsha sele lusemngciphekweni wokusetyenziswa gwenxa ngamayeza okukhohlela, lumka ukuba unamayeza okukhohlela ekhayeni lakho kwaye unabantwana abancinci okanye ulutsha.