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Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphakathi komzimba wakho xa usela amayeza?

Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphakathi komzimba wakho xa usela amayeza?Ulwazi lweziyobisi

Gwinya ipilisi, ulinde umzuzwana, uzive ungcono-ulula, akunjalo? Hayi kanye.





Yintoni inkqubo yeADME?

Uhambo lweziyobisi emzimbeni wakho-uqeqesho ngaphakathi kwe-pharmacology ekuthiwa yi-pharmacokinetics-yinto nje elula. Ukusukela oko ichiza lingena emzimbeni wakho ukuya kuthi ga ngexesha lishiya, kuninzi okwenzekayo. Izazinzulu ziyibize le nkqubo ngokuba yi-ADME, mfutshane ukufakwa, ukuhanjiswa, imetabolism kwaye, ekugqibeleni, ukuphuma. Kodwa njani, ngokuchanekileyo, iyeza lihamba ukusuka kwindawo A (ukufunxwa) ukuya kwindawo engu-E (ukukhutshwa)? Sibuze iingcali.



Ukufunxa

Ukufunxa kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwinkqubo yokuhanjiswa kweziyobisi. Ii-Injectable zidlula kwinqanaba lokufunxa kuba zisiwe ngqo kwigazi. Kodwa uninzi lwamayeza esiwathatha ekhaya kukwipilisi okanye kwifomule, kwaye ezo kufuneka zifunxwe esiswini okanye kwithumbu (isisu). Xa kuthethwa ngokwenzululwazi, iyeza kufuneka linyibilike ngaphambi kokuba lifikelele kwinkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi.

Kuvakala ngokungqalileyo, kodwa, njengezinto ezininzi kwezonyango, akunjalo. Ubumuncu besisu kunye nesisu, kunye nokwenziwa kwesiyobisi uqobo, kunokuchaphazela ukufunxeka. I-Ditto yeefillers kunye neengubo ezisetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kweziyobisi.

Isisu sinendawo ene-asidi, ucacisa uColin Campbell, Ph.D., unjingalwazi onxulumene ne-pharmacology KwiYunivesithi yaseMinnesota Medical School eMinneapolis. Oko sikubiza ngokuba ngamachiza e-asidi ebuthathaka, njenge-aspirin, ifakwe kakuhle apho. Kodwa isiyobisi esisisiseko esibuthathaka, njenge-morphine, sinokucotha kancinci kuba, ngaphandle kokuba inikwe ngenaliti, kufuneka isuke kwindawo ene-asidi ephezulu yesisu iye kwindawo engathathi hlangothi emathunjini.



Ukuhanjiswa

Emva kokuba ichiza lifumene ukufikelela kwigazi, igazi lisasaza kwizicubu zomzimba.

Kwenzeka njani oko kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwiipropati zamachiza.

Umzekelo, iziyobisi ezinyibilika ngamanqatha (njenge ubume , i-steroid esetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukudumba) funa iiseli ezinamanqatha apho zichithakala ngokulula kwaye zidlule kwiimbumba zeseli. Iziyobisi ezinyibilika emanzini, ezinje nge atenolol , esetyenziselwa ukunyanga uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, bambelela egazini kunye nolwelo olujikeleze iiseli.



Enye into echaphazela ukuhanjiswa kukuba ichiza lenziwe ngeemolekyuli ezinkulu okanye ezincinci. Uninzi lwamachiza asetyenziselwa unyango amayeza amancinci eemolekyuli-kwaye ngesizathu esivakalayo. Iziyobisi ezincinci zemolekyuli, ezinje nge Nexium (esetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo se-gastroesophageal reflux), dlula ngokulula kwiimbumba zeseli ukuze baqhubeke nohambo. Amachiza amakhulu eamolekyuli, anjenge-insulin, anexesha elinzima lokufaka inwebu kwaye anikezelwa kakuhle ngenaliti.

Imetabolism

I-Metabolism, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-biotransformation, ihlala isenzeka esibindini.

Ngexesha lokusasazwa, iyeza lihanjiswa esibindini ngenkqubo yendalo okanye ngoncedo lwento ebizwa ngokuba ngabathuthi abakhoyo kwiiseli zamalungu. Ii-enzyme ezikhethekileyo ezibekwe esibindini ngekhemikhali ziguqula ichiza kwaye ziliguqule libe kwifom enokukhutshwa ngokulula.



Kodwa kukho ukubanjwa. Imiba echaphazela isibindi inokuchaphazela ukuba iyeza laphulwe ngokukhawuleza kangakanani na. I-Cirrhosis (okanye ukutyhafa kwesibindi), umzekelo, kunokwenza kube nzima ukuba ichiza lifakwe kwimetabolism, lishiye ixesha elide emzimbeni. Amachiza ambalwa acolwa kwizintso ngokunjalo.

Kwaye ezinye iziyobisi zingenza ukuba ii-enzymes okanye izithuthi zihambise umzimba, utshilo uJoseph Grillo, uFarm.D., Umlawuli onxulumene nokulebhelisha kunye nonxibelelwano lwezempilo kwiOfisi ye-Clinical Pharmacology kwi-FDA. Oku kungakhokelela ekubeni ichiza lihlale emzimbeni ixesha elide kunye nezixa ezikhulu kunokuba kunyanzelekile, zonyuse amathuba etyhefu, utshilo.



Ukutsalwa

Ukuzikhupha yinkqubo apho umzimba uzisusa khona iziyobisi, kwaye ubukhulu becala iphathwa zizintso kunye nomchamo abawenzayo. Ukuba ichiza alicocwa ngokulula zizintso, ngamanye amaxesha linokutshintshwa sisibindi ukuze iintsalela zidlule ngomchamo. Iziyobisi ezingakwaziyo ukuhluzwa zizintso zidlula kwimibhobho yesibindi kwaye ishiye umzimba ngendlela yelindle.

Ngaphandle kweADME: Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi

Zininzi izinto ezichaphazela indlela umzimba wakho owenza ngayo ichiza. Kwabaqalayo, kukho:



  • Ubudala . Amalungu amadala awasebenzi ngokufanelekileyo njengabancinci, oko kuthetha ukuba indlela isibindi sakho, isisu, okanye izintso ezenziwa ngayo ichiza kwi-25 yahlukile kunama-65. Inani leziyobisi ezithathwa ngabantu abadala nazo zinokuchaphazela inkqubo.
  • Isini . Kuba sahlukile kubunzima bomzimba, amanqatha, umthamo wamanzi emzimbeni, ukuhamba kwegazi kumalungu nakwinqanaba lamahomoni, iADME inokwahluka emadodeni nakwabasetyhini.
  • Umxholo wesisu . Akukho sothuso sikhulu apha ― ukuba i-cheeseburger kunye neefry ozityileyo emva kokuthatha amayeza akho zinokucothisa uhambo lweziyobisi. Uninzi lokutya lufakwa ngcono emathunjini, utshilo uCampbell. Kodwa isisu esigcweleyo siyakucotha ukufunxeka kwaye sithathe iyeza ixesha elide ukuya kwinkqubo yesisu. Kwelinye icala, amanye amayeza kufuneka athathwe kunye nokutya ukuze kuthathwe ngcono.

Okukwintsusa? Landela izikhokelo. Funda ilebhile yebhotile yesigqirha kunye nayo nayiphi na into efakiweyo ngononophelo, kwaye ubuze imibuzo ukuba ufuna ingcaciso, utshilo uGqirha Grillo.