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Yintoni kanye kanye ubhubhane?

Iindaba zezeMpilo ezichaziweyo

UKUHLAZIYWA KWE-CORONAVIRUS: Njengoko iingcali zifunda ngakumbi malunga nenoveli coronavirus, iindaba kunye notshintsho kulwazi. Ukuza kutshanje kubhubhane we-COVID-19, nceda undwendwele Amaziko oLawulo noThintelo lwezifo .

Ubhubhane ligama elisoyikisayo. Cima nje oonobumba abambalwa kwaye ushiywe luloyiko-inkcazo efanelekileyo yokuba lingakanani ilizwe uziva ngale intsha intsholongwane ye-Corona eyavela ngasekupheleni konyaka ophelileyo eWuhan, China. Intsholongwane entsha, ebizwa ngokuba yi-SARS-CoV-2, ngoku isongela impilo yehlabathi, igqugqisa amazwekazi kunye noluntu. Ibangela isifo sokuphefumla esibizwa ngokuba sisifo se-coronavirus 2019, okanye i-COVID-19.

Yintoni ubhubhane?

UKUYA isifo esikho elizweni jikelele ukuqhambuka kwesifo esitsha esiwela imida neelwandle, iNgxelo yeWorld Health Organisation (WHO) ithi. Ubhubhane ubangelwa ziintsholongwane abantu abangazange bahlangane nazo ngaphambili (ezininzi zivela kwizilwanyana) okanye ibhaktiriya enganyangekiyo kwiintsholongwane. Iipandemics akufuneki zifikelele kubuchwephesha kuzo zonke iimbombo zehlabathi (nangona uninzi lusenza, enkosi kuhambo lwamanye amazwe). Bona yenza zichaphazela abantu abaninzi kwaye ngokubanzi zifumaneka kumazwekazi amabini okanye nangaphezulu.

IiCoronaviruses aziyonto intsha — eneneni, ezinye zibangela ingqele eqhelekileyo. Kodwa, uhlobo lwenoveli lubangele ukuqhambuka komhlaba, kusulela abantu abangaphezulu kwe-100,000 kumazwe amaninzi, ukusuka e-Iran ukuya e-Itali ukuya e-India. Ukuba ucinga ukuba oko kuvakala njengobhubhane, awuyi kuba wedwa.

Ngomhla kaMatshi 11, 2020, i-WHO yabhengeza i-COVID-19 ngokusemthethweni ubhubhane.

Ubhubhane vs. ubhubhane

Ngelixa zombini ubhubhane kunye no bhubhane kubandakanya inani elikhulu labantu, ukhona umahluko. Ubhubhane uvela xa isifo esosulelayo (umzekelo, umkhuhlane, i-HIV, okanye i-Ebola) sisasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ngesiquphe kubantu abaninzi-ngaphezulu kokulindelweyo ngelo xesha nakuloo ndawo, uyachaza Umbutho wabaSebenzi kuLawulo losulelo kunye ne-Epidemiology . Ubhubhane, kwelinye icala, luhlobo lwesifo esigqibeleleyo, kodwa ngokwahluka. Xa kuthelekiswa nobhubhane, ubhubhane:

Ukuchaphazela inani elikhulu labantu
Ukusasazeka kwehlabathi
Unobangela wokufa okungakumbi
Bandakanya intsholongwane entsha okanye intsholongwane ebulala iintsholongwane

Kwaye ngelixa izinto ezinje ngomhlaza, ukutyeba kakhulu, nkqu Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-opioid zihlala zibizwa ngokuba ziindyikitya zokufa, ngobuchwephesha azikho njengoko zingabangelwa lusulelo.

Imizekelo yobhubhane

Ubhubhane bebukho kangangeenkulungwane — nakwiinkulungwane nakwiinkulungwane. Esinye sezifo ezaziwayo yayisisibetho se-bubonic (okanye i-Black Death), esenzeka kumaXesha Aphakathi saze sabulala izigidi. Ubhubhane obuvela kwinkulungwane yama-20 ubukhulu becala bebejikeleze intsholongwane yomkhuhlane kubandakanya umkhuhlane A kwaye ubandakanya:

Umkhuhlane waseSpain wango-1918, owabulala abantu abazizigidi ezingama-50 ehlabathini lonke
Umkhuhlane waseAsia wango-1957
Umkhuhlane waseHong Kong wowe-1968

Iindyikityha zenkulungwane yama-21 zibandakanya:

I-SARS (isifo esibucayi sokuphefumla) Lo bhubhane, obangelwe yenye i-coronavirus, waqala e-China ngo-2002 kwaye waphela usulela abantu abangaphezu kwama-8,000 e-Asiya, eYurophu, naseMantla nakuMzantsi Melika. EUnited States, amaZiko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo (CDC) athi, Abantu abali-115 abavela kumazwe angama-29 baguliswa yi-SARS.
Intsholongwane yeH1N1 : Le ntsholongwane yomkhuhlane-ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-swine flu-yaqala ukubakho ngo-2009 kwaye yayingazange yabonwa kwizilwanyana nasebantwini. Ukususela ngo-Epreli 2009 ukuya ku-Epreli 2010, uqikelelo lweCDC 284,000 abantu kwihlabathi liphela babulawa yi-H1N1. Ubhubhane we-H1N1 ngowona mkhuhlane ubhengezwe e-United States kutshanje.
Intsholongwane kaGawulayo / uGawulayo sisifo esiqhubekayo. Kwi-2018, phantse abantu abazizigidi ezingama-38 kwihlabathi liphela babephila bene-HIV / AIDS.

Ngaba i-coronavirus ingubhubhane?

Ukusukela nge-Matshi 2020, i-WHO yahlula i-COVID-19 njengobhubhane wehlabathi. Ngokuqinisekileyo iyakhathaza ngakumbi kunentsholongwane yomkhuhlane, nangona kunjalo, ekwabangela ukugqabhuka kwesifo ngokubanzi kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukufa kodwa (hayi kule sizini) sisiphumo sentsholongwane yenoveli.

I-COVID-19 ibonakala inamandla ngakumbi [kunomkhuhlane], isasazeka ngokulula, kwaye kunzima ukuyigcina, kuba ukusasazeka kwenzeka phakathi kwabantu abanesifo esibuhlungu okanye abangenaso isifo, uyachazaUJana Shaw, MD, unjingalwazi onxulumene nezifo zabantwana kunye nezifo eUststate Golisano Children's Hospital eSyrause, eNew York.

Ungasinda njani kubhubhane

Akukho ndlela ilungileyo yokuqikelela ukuba intsholongwane entsha enje ngeSARS-CoV-2 ingadlala njani. Ubhubhane buhlala kwiinyanga ukuya kwiminyaka. Ukuqhambuka kwe-SARS, umzekelo, kwakuqulethwe kwiinyanga ezintandathu. Intsholongwane kaGawulayo / noGawulayo isaqhubeka. Ngokweengxelo zeendaba, iimeko ze-COVID-19 e-China nase-South Korea zibonakala ngathi ziyacotha ngelixa lihla kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Abanye banethemba lokuba intsholongwane inokufa, njengoko umkhuhlane kunye nezinye iintsholongwane zisenza, njengoko kushushu imozulu isondela, kodwa iingcali ezininzi zezempilo zilumkisa ukuba zininzi kakhulu izinto ezingaziwayo ngale ntsholongwane intsha, kwaye iyakuthatha amanyathelo abalulekileyo nafanayo kwezempilo yoluntu. (kwaye hayi imozulu) ukuyigcina ngokufanelekileyo.

Kwaye sinokuqhambuka njani esi sifo sitsha secorona? Oorhulumente basebenza ukulwa nezifo ngokukhupha iziqhushumbisi (i-Itali ngoku iphantsi kokuvalelwa), ukubonelela ngovavanyo lokuqonda ukuba ngubani osulelekileyo, othintela uhambo kunye nokuphuhlisa izitofu xa kunokwenzeka. Kodwa konke oko kuthatha ixesha kunye nentsebenziswano. Yintoni onokuyenza ukunceda zikhusele kule coronavirus yenoveli ngeli xesha?

I-COVID-19 sisifo esisasazeka kakhulu njengomkhuhlane kunye nezinye izifo zokuphefumla ezosulelayo-ngamathontsi abantu abosulelekileyo bayakhulula xa bathimla okanye bekhohlela. Inkqubo ye- i-CDC icebisa:

Ukuhlala ekhaya ukuba uyagula kwaye uphephe konke ukuhamba okungabalulekanga.
Ukuthintela unxibelelwano olusondeleyo nabantu xa kunokwenzeka (amagosa ezempilo acebisa ukuhlala umva ubuncinci iinyawo ezi-6).
Ukubeka izandla kude nempumlo, umlomo namehlo.
Ukuthimla okanye ukukhohlela kwithishu (emva koko uyilahle) okanye umkhono xa izihlunu zingafumaneki.
Ukuhlamba izandla rhoqo ngesepha kunye namanzi kangangemizuzwana engama-20. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi emva kokusebenzisa igumbi lokuhlambela, ngaphambi kokutya, okanye emva kokuthimla okanye ukukhohlela. Sebenzisa isicoci sezandla ngesandla ubuncinci i-60% yotywala xa isepha namanzi zingafumaneki.
Sula iindawo ezinzima, ezifana neekhawuntari, amaqhina omnyango, njl., Yonke imihla. I-CDC icebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe isepha yamakhaya rhoqo kunye namanzi emva koko isibulala zintsholongwane. Inkqubo ye- Iziko leeKhemistri zeBiocide Unoluhlu lweemveliso ezinokulwa ngokufanelekileyo i-coronavirus.
Nxiba imaski yobuso xa usiya ngaphandle kwaye ujikeleze abanye.