Yintoni umkhuhlane?

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Yintoni umkhuhlane? | Iimpawu | Iingxaki | Ihlala ixesha elingakanani? | Unikezelo | Unyango | Uthintelo | Ukosuleleka kwakhona

Ukuwa ngakunye, ngelixa kugcinwa izinto zokubuyela esikolweni, ukufumana amagqabi, kunye nokutya iziqholo zethanga, iintsapho ezininzi zaseMelika ziqala ukucinga ngomkhuhlane-kunye nendlela yokuwuthintela. Kwaye kulo nyaka, oko kunokwenzeka ngakumbi kunangaphambili njengoko izazinzulu ziye zalumkisa malunga ne-twindemic kunye nexesha eliqhelekileyo lomkhuhlane elibetha ngexesha elifanayo kunye ne-COVID-19 ubhubhane.

Kunyaka oqhelekileyo, ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezingama-20 zabemi baya kugula umkhuhlane, ngokwe- Amaziko oLawulo lweZifo noThintelo (I-CDC). Ixesha lexesha lomkhuhlane ngoDisemba ukuya kuFebruwari, kodwa iminyaka ethile inokuhlala kude kube ngoMeyi.

Ngenxa yokuba ikwi-radar yakho akuthethi ukuba uyazi ukuba intsholongwane isasazeka njani okanye uyilawula njani. Ngenxa yoko, kuyanceda ukuqonda ukuba kutheni kubuya unyaka nonyaka, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, kunye nendlela yokujongana neempawu.

Yintoni umkhuhlane?

Intsholongwane yomkhuhlane, ebizwa ngokuba ngumkhuhlane, sisifo esosulelayo esinokuchaphazela umqala, impumlo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha imiphunga kwaye nesiphumo somkhuhlane, iintlungu zomzimba / ukugodola, kunye nokudinwa ngokubanzi, utsho Saba Hamiduzzaman , MD, ugqirha wamayeza angaphakathi kunye neplmonologist kwiLoma Linda University Health. Sisifo esosulelayo sokuphefumla esinokubangela ukugula kabuhlungu kancinci ukuya kuthi, kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, kusweleke.

Iindidi zentsholongwane yomkhuhlane

Nangona sibhekisa kwesi sigulo sonyaka njenge i umkhuhlane, kukho Iindidi ezine : A, B, C, kunye no-D iintsholongwane zomkhuhlane.

Kuphela ziintsholongwane zomkhuhlane u-A kunye no-B ezithi zisasazeke ngokuthe rhoqo kubantu abajongene nobhubhane womkhuhlane wamaxesha onyaka nyaka ngamnye, utshilo uGqirha Hamiduzzaman.

Umkhuhlane A iintsholongwane zahlulwe zangamacandelwana ezisekwe kwiiproteni ezimbini kumphezulu wentsholongwane: ihemagglutinin (H) kunye neuraminidase (N). Ngelixa ii-subtypes ezininzi ezahlukileyo ze-H kunye ne-N zichongiwe, zimbalwa kuphela ezihlala zijikeleza ebantwini-kubandakanya i-H1N1 kunye ne-H3N2. Umkhuhlane owaziwayo weAvian, usasazeka phakathi kweentaka eziphila emanzini, kunye iihagu umkhuhlane , zisasazeka phakathi kweehagu, nazo ziwela kolu luhlu. Ezi ntlobo zentsholongwane entsha eyahlukileyo A intsholongwane inokubangela ubhubhane womkhuhlane ukuba uyakwazi ukosulela abantu ngempumelelo.

Umkhuhlane B iintsholongwane Azahlulwanga zangamacandelwana afana no-A, kodwa jikeleza ngokwemigca kunye nobunzima. Namhlanje, iintsholongwane ze-influenza B zezomnye wemigca emibini: B / Yamagata kunye no-B / Victoria.

Umkhuhlane wohlobo C lweentsholongwane Ngokubanzi kubangela kuphela isifo sokuphefumla.

Impembelelo D iintsholongwane ikakhulu zichaphazela iinkomo.

Amagqabantshintshi omkhuhlane

Kukho ezinye izinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-flus, ngaphandle kwegama, azinanto yakwenza nentsholongwane yomkhuhlane.

Oku kubandakanya umkhuhlane wesisu , ngokwezonyango esaziwa njenge-gastroenteritis yentsholongwane, isifo samathumbu esingahlala kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10. Ungasifumana kumntu osulelekileyo okanye ukutya okungcolileyo okanye amanzi. Iimpawu zibandakanya urhudo olunamanzi, iintlungu zesisu esiswini, isicaphucaphu okanye ukugabha, ngamanye amaxesha umkhuhlane.

Umkhuhlane weKeto yenye ifax-influenza. Oku kwenzeka kubantu abalandela ukutya kwe-keto-besitya iiswekile ezincinci kunye neestatshi endaweni yamafutha asempilweni kunye neeproteni. Umzimba utshisa amanqatha amafutha xa ingekho iswekile ebonelelwa ziicarbohydrate. Iziphumo ziimpawu ezifanayo nomkhuhlane, kubandakanya isicaphucaphu, ubuthathaka okanye ukudinwa, isisu esibuhlungu, isiyezi kunye nokuxinana okungalunganga. Ezi mpawu zihlala ngeveki.

Kukho ke umkhuhlane wengqondo . Kule meko, usulelo lobuchopho lubangela i-encephalitis, enokuthi ibonakalise njengeempawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane ezinje ngentloko, umkhuhlane kunye nokuqaqamba kwemisipha. Ifuna ukhathalelo lonyango ngugqirha okanye ngumboneleli wezempilo.

Zithini iimpawu zomkhuhlane?

Umqondiso wokuqala womkhuhlane kunokuba kukudinwa kakhulu. Abantu banokuziva bediniwe kangangokuba imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla iba ngumceli mngeni. Ukuqaqanjelwa ngumzimba kunye nokubanda ziimpawu eziqhelekileyo njengoko umkhuhlane ungena ngaphakathi, kunye nokukhohlela okungapheliyo kunye nomqala obuhlungu.

Ingqele nxamnye nomkhuhlane

Abantu abaninzi kunzima ukuhlukanisa phakathi kweempawu zomkhuhlane kunye nokubandayo okubi. Iimpawu zengqele zinamandla kwaye zihlala zinxulunyaniswa nempumlo okanye impumlo egudileyo kunye nomqala obuhlungu, utshilo uGqirha Hamiduzzaman. Izigulana ezinomkhuhlane ziya kuziva zisihla kakhulu kwaye iimpawu ziya kubonakala ngakumbi kunokubanda.

Iimpawu ezibandayo zihlala ziqala kancinci kwaye zinokubandakanya:

• Ukuthimla
• Impumlo exineneyo
• umqala obuhkungu
• ukukhwehlela kancinci
• Ukuvuza emva kwempumlo
• umzimba omnene okanye izihlunu

Iimpawu zomkhuhlane zihlala zinokubakho ngesiquphe kwaye zinokubandakanya:

• umkhuhlane okanye ukubanda
• ukukhohlela
• umqala obuhkungu
• impumlo egobileyo okanye egobayo
• intloko ebuhlungu
• umzimba oqaqambileyo okanye izihlunu
• ukudinwa kakhulu
• ukugabha okanye urhudo, oluqheleke kakhulu kubantwana abanomkhuhlane

Iimpawu ezibandayo zihlala zihlala kangange veki. Ngelishwa, ukudlula umkhuhlane kungathatha ixesha. Iimpawu zihlala zivela kwiintsuku ezine emva kokuvezwa kwintsholongwane. Ngelixa ngamanye amaxesha bephucula kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintlanu, abantu abaninzi bayabagulisa ubude beentsuku ezintlanu ukuya kwezisixhenxe — ngamanye amaxesha ngaphezulu . Ukuphumla okuninzi, ulwelo, kunye nokuthomalalisa iintlungu okuchasayo kunokunceda.

I-COVID-19 vs. umkhuhlane

Kuthekani ngeempawu ze-COVID-19? Ewe, banokufana nomkhuhlane, kubandakanya umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, iintlungu zomzimba kunye nokudinwa. Ukufumana umkhuhlane kwaye uzikhusele ungawubambi kwasekuqaleni, yenye yeendlela zokulawula umkhuhlane. Ekugqibeleni, kuya kufuneka uthethe nomboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga nokuvavanywa komkhuhlane kunye ne-COVID-19 ukumisela into onayo kunye neyona ndlela ingcono yokulawula iimpawu. Funda ngakumbi malunga ne-COVID-19 vs. umkhuhlane Apha .

Ezinxulumene: Ngaba umkhuhlane udubule okanye iTamiflu ithintela i-COVID-19?

Ubulala kangakanani umkhuhlane?

Uninzi lwabantu abasempilweni abafumana umkhuhlane banyamezele kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa zokuziva ngathi banesifo. Kodwa umkhuhlane unako zibulale. E-US, umkhuhlane uchaphazela abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3 ngonyaka. Ngelixa amanani-manani ehluka rhoqo ngexesha lonyaka, ngokomyinge bangaphezu kwama-200,000 abalaliswa esibhedlele ngenxa yengxaki yomkhuhlane nyaka ngamnye, kwaye ukuya kuthi ga kuma-50 000 banokufa ngenxa yentsholongwane minyaka le.

Ezinxulumene: Iinkcukacha manzi zomkhuhlane

Uhlala ixesha elingakanani umkhuhlane?

Buza nabani na osandula kuchacha kumkhuhlane kwaye banokuthi yahlala ngonaphakade. Iimpawu zingenza usuku ngalunye luzive ngathi lunaphakade, kodwa enyanisweni, umkhuhlane sisifo esifutshane.

Iimpawu zihlala zivela kwiintsuku ezine emva kokuvezwa kwintsholongwane. Banokuhlala iintsuku ezintlanu ukuya kwezisixhenxe. Ukudinwa, okanye ukudinwa, nangona kunjalo, kunokuhlala ixesha elide.

Abanye abantu bafumana iingxaki ezinxulumene nomkhuhlane ezandisa ubude bokugula, ngokwe UVictor Laluz, MD, ugqirha wamayeza angaphakathi kwiYunivesithi yaseLoma Linda. Iingxaki zomkhuhlane ezinokubakho zibandakanya:

• inyumoniya yentsholongwane (usulelo lwemiphunga)
• i-myocarditis (ukudumba kwentliziyo)
• i-myositis (imeko ebandakanya ukudumba kwezihlunu)
• ukudumba kwenkqubo ye-nervous central ebangela ukuxhuzula
• umnqonqo ukudumba
• Isifo i-Guillain-Barre syndrome (isifo esikhubazeka komzimba)

Intsholongwane yomkhuhlane ikhokelela kwiindawo ezinokudumba kunye nokuphefumla okungafunekiyo okunokuba ziziza zosulelo lwesibini, utshilo uGqirha Laluz.

Kwaye ngokukaGqirha Hamiduzzaman, amaqela athile ezigulana aneengxaki zempilo abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana iingxaki ezinzulu:

• Abantu abadala abadala, abaneminyaka engama-65 + nangaphezulu
• abasetyhini abakhulelweyo
• abantu abanengxaki yempilo engapheliyo njengaye:
  • isifo seswekile
  • Intsholongwane kaGawulayo / uGawulayo
• abantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka, njengaleyo ifumana unyango lwemichiza

Usasazeka njani umkhuhlane?

Umkhuhlane usasazeka ukusuka kumntu ukuya kumntu ngeendlela ezininzi. Ihamba ihamba:

• Amachiza okuphefumla aphuma emoyeni okhohlela kunye nokuthimla
• Ukuqhagamshelana nolusu nolusu njengokuxhawulana kunye nokwangana
• Ukudluliselwa kwamathe ukusuka ekuncamiseni okanye ekwabelaneni ngeziselo
• ukudibana nomhlaba ongcolileyo.

Umkhuhlane uyosulela ixesha elingakanani?

Uyosulela ukusukela kusuku olungaphambi kokuba iimpawu zivele kude kube ziintsuku ezintlanu ukuya kwezisixhenxe emva kokuba uqale ukuziva ugula. Ke, abantu abaninzi bayisasaza intsholongwane yomkhuhlane ngaphambi kokuba bazi ukuba banayo-okanye, emva kokuba becinga ukuba bangcono.

Abanye abantu basemngciphekweni omkhulu kunabanye ngokufumana umkhuhlane. Ziquka:

• abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5, ngakumbi abo bangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2
• Abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala
• abasetyhini abakhulelweyo nabasetyhini ukuya kuthi ga kwiiveki ezimbini emva kokubeleka
• abantu abanezifo ezinganyangekiyo njengesifo seswekile, isifuba, ukuphazamiseka kwemiphunga, isifo sentliziyo, izintso kunye nokuphazamiseka kwesibindi, ukuphazamiseka kwegazi, okanye ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo kunye ne-neurodevelopmental
• Abantu abatyebe kakhulu abanesalathiso sobunzima bomzimba (BMI) abangama-40 okanye ngaphezulu

Unyaka ngamnye, iintsuku zomsebenzi ezingama-70 ezigidi zilahlekile ngenxa yomkhuhlane. Iindawo ezininzi zokusebenzela zikhuthaza abasebenzi ukuba bahlale emakhaya ukuba bayaziva begula ukukhusela abantu abasebenza nabo abasempilweni- kwaye nezikhokelo ze-COVID-19 ezikhoyo, isebe lakho le-HR linokuba nomgaqo osemgangathweni oza kuwulandela. Ukuba akunjalo, kunokuba nzima ukuxelela ukuba uza kuhlala ixesha elingakanani. Umgaqo olungileyo wesithupha? Lindela ubuncinci iiyure ezingama-24 emva kokuba umkhuhlane wakho uhambe ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iyeza lokunciphisa umkhuhlane njenge-acetaminophen (okanye ubuze ugqirha wakho!).

Unyango njani umkhuhlane?

Eyona ndlela yokunyanga umkhuhlane kukuphepha ukuwufumana kwasekuqaleni. I-CDC icebisa iyeza lokugonya umkhuhlane phantse kuwo wonke umntu. Olu gonyo luya kuthintela iintlobo ezininzi zomkhuhlane. Kwaye ukuba uyakwazi ukuyibamba, ukudubula kunokwenza ukuba iimpawu zingaphantsi kakhulu, kwaye isigulo sibe sifutshane.

Ukuba ufumene umkhuhlane, wunyange ngokuphumla ebhedini, ulwelo-kubandakanya amanzi, ijusi, kunye nesuphu efudumeleyo-kunye nokulala okuninzi ukunceda amajoni akho omzimba alwe nosulelo. Iintlungu ezingaphaya kwekhawuntareni ziyazikhulula njenge acetaminophen kwaye ibuprofen Unokunceda ngomkhuhlane, iintlungu zomzimba, kunye nentloko ebuhlungu.

Uninzi lwabantu lunokuphola kumkhuhlane ngaphandle kwamayeza, kodwa abanye ababoneleli ngezempilo banokuyalela amachiza antiviral ukuthomalalisa iimpawu. Kukho amayeza anokuthathwa ukuba ayicime ngokukhawuleza intsholongwane emzimbeni kwaye anciphise ubude beempawu, utshilo uGqirha Laluz. Eyona isetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo yile Tamiflu , okanye mzantsiweb , kunye Xofluza , okanye baloxavir. Kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-48 zokuqala zomkhuhlane ukuze zisebenze kwaye kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kubantu abadala. La mayeza abonakaliswe ngamandla ukuba iimpawu zomkhuhlane ziqine kakhulu okanye isigulana sikudidi lomngcipheko omkhulu ngokusekwe kukuziphatha kakubi.

Okunye amayeza asekhaya zibandakanya ii-lozenges zomqala, izinto zokukhohlela, umphunga ofumileyo, impumlo enetyuwa okanye amathontsi omqala, okanye isichumisi xa unomoya owomileyo.

Ezinxulumene: Unyango lomkhuhlane kunye namayeza

Ungawuthintela njani umkhuhlane

Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo, qiniseka ukuba umkhuhlane udubule ekuqaleni kokuwa rhoqo ngonyaka. Ukongeza, uGqr Laluz ucebisa oku kulandelayo:

• Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo kufutshane nokukhohlela okanye abantu abagulayo.
• Indawo ecocekileyo oyichukumisayo ngezandla zakho ngesixhobo sokucoca i-antiviral njengokucoca utywala.
• Hlamba izandla zakho phambi kokuba utye.
• Kuphephe ukubamba ubuso bakho ngokungeyomfuneko, kuba oku kungabeka iintsholongwane empumlweni okanye emlonyeni.
• Nxiba imaski kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke.

Ezinxulumene: Ezinye iindlela zokuthintela umkhuhlane

Nje ukuba ufumane umkhuhlane, ungaphinda uwufumane?

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintsholongwane, unokufumana umkhuhlane ngaphezu kwesinye. Ngamanye amagama, awukhuselekanga ekufumaneni kwakhona. Kungenxa yento uGqr Laluz ayibiza ngokuba yi-antigenic shift. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zentsholongwane yomkhuhlane zidibanisa ukwenza entsha ngokupheleleyo. Kukwakho ne-antigenic drift, apho utshintsho oluncinci ngokuhamba kwexesha lunokuvelisa intsholongwane umzimba ongasayiqapheliyo kwaye ngenxa yoko awunakho ukuphakamisa impendulo yomzimba. Ukubunjwa kweyeza lokugonya umkhuhlane kuhlalutywa minyaka le ukubeka esweni olu tshintsho ekujikelezeni iintsholongwane kwaye kuhlaziywa ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukugonywa okuphindaphindiweyo kuyacetyiswa ukuba kwandiswe amathuba okuba impendulo yakho yomzimba izokuthintela usulelo lomkhuhlane unyaka nonyaka, utshilo. Okukwintsusa: Yenza ugonyo lwakho lomkhuhlane umkhuba wonyaka.