Ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kommiselo wolutsha

Imfundo yezeMpilo

Abazali bahlala bekhangela ingozi efihliweyo kubomi babo bolutsha, kodwa i-radar yabazali inokuphosa ngokulula ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi ngugqirha.

Imigqaliselo iyafumaneka kwaye isasazwa ngokubanzi. Ukuba nebhotile kagqirha akusoloko kuvusa isikrokro ngendlela izincedisi ezingekho mthethweni eziya kuthi ngayo, ngoko ke kulula ukugcina ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kommiselo kufihlwe. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba imigqaliselo inexabiso lonyango kunye nonyango kukhathalelo lwempilo, la mayeza akabonakali eyingozi.

Esi sikhokelo siza kukunika indawo yokuqala iincoko ezintsha kunye nomntwana wakho ofikisayo, izimvo zophando oluthe kratya, kunye neengcebiso malunga nendlela yokugcina abantwana bakho bekhuselekile ekusebenziseni gwenxa.

Iingozi zokusebenzisa gwenxa amayeza amayeza kunye nonyango lwee-counter

Amayeza awunabungozi, nokuba athathwe phantsi kweliso lomboneleli wezempilo. Kukho iingozi, kodwa ziyaphuculwa yingcali ngokujonga ngenyameko idosi, ukubeka esweni iziphumo zamachiza emzimbeni, kunye nokuqhuba iimvavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba amayeza awenzi monakalo.

Akunjalo kulutsha olusebenzisa kakubi iziyobisi. Abanaye ugqirha wokujika xa kukho into ehamba kakubi.

Iimpawu zokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi gwenxa zinokungabonakali. Abazali kunye nabantu abadala abathembekileyo banokunceda ulutsha lwabo ngokwazi imiqondiso kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo zokusebenzisa gwenxa iziyobisi.

Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kunye neempawu

Ukuba umntwana wakho usebenzisa kakubi imigqaliselo, unokuqaphela utshintsho kwindlela aziphatha ngayo.

Iimpawu

• Ukuphepha imisebenzi
• Ukufihla
• Ukunyamalala ebusuku
• Khuphela iibhotile zamayeza emgqomeni
• Imigqaliselo ongayaziyo
• Ukutyelelwa ngugqirha okanye uhambo oluya kwikhemesti, ukugcwaliswa kwangoko kwamayeza amiselweyo, okanye amayeza alahlekileyo amayeza (anokuba sisizathu sokufumana ugcwaliso olungaphezulu)

Iimpawu zomzimba

• Ukulala okanye utshintsho lokutya
• Ukunxanwa okugqithisileyo
• Ukuncipha ngesiquphe okanye ukutyeba
• Iimpawu zokurhoxa okunokwenzeka njengokujuluka, ukuziva ucocekile, kunye nokuhluthwa kwabafundi
• Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Opioid: Ukulala, ukuqhina, ukungabikho kolungelelwaniso, ukuphefumla kancinci
• Ukusetyenziswa okukhuthazayo: Ukuphuthelwa, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga, iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni
• Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza okuthomalalisa ixhala kunye nokuxhalabisa: Isiyezi, ukungalingani okanye ukuhamba ungazinzanga, ukulala, ukuphefumla kancinci

Iimpawu zengqondo

• Ubuntu buyatshintsha
• Utshintsho olukhulu kwiimvakalelo
• Ukuziphatha okungafaniyo
• Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Opioid: I-Euphoria okanye uziva uphezulu, ukudideka kwengqondo, utshintsho kwintlungu
• Ukusetyenziswa okukhuthazayo: I-Euphoria, ukungazinzi, ingqondo egqithisileyo, paranoia, unxunguphalo, ukuphapha okungaqhelekanga
• Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza okuthomalalisa uxinzelelo kunye nokuxhalaba: Ukuncitshiswa koxinzelelo, ukudideka kwengqondo, iingxaki zememori, intetho egudileyo

Ukuqwalaselwa okongeziweyo

• Wonke umntu wahlukile, ke ulutsha lwakho alunakho ukubonisa yonke imiqondiso.
• Ezinye iimpawu zinokwenzeka, ke jonga nantoni na engaqhelekanga.
• Olunye ulutsha luyakwazi ukufihla ezimbalwa okanye zonke iimpawu zalo.
• Khumbula ukuba kunokubakho nesizathu esisemthethweni sonyango esingahambelani nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi (umzekelo, isiyezi ikwangumqondiso oqhelekileyo wokuba nemeko yentliziyo).

Ukuba uqaphela nayiphi na le miqondiso kunye neempawu emntwaneni wakho, kubalulekile ukuba ungoyiki. Olu luhlu sisikhokelo seempawu zokulumkisa, hayi isifo esichanekileyo. Nokuba ulutsha lwakho ngu usebenzisa iziyobisi gwenxa, ufuna ukuba ube ngumntu omdala onokuthenjwa nokhathalayo onokubonelela ngenyani malunga neziyobisi ezisemthethweni kunye nobungozi obunokubakho bokusebenzisa gwenxa iziyobisi.

Indlela abazali abanokukunceda ngayo ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa gwenxa komyalelo wolutsha: Izikripthi zabazali, zootitshala, nezabaqeqeshi

Ulutsha luyabamamela abantu abadala olujikeleze bona kwaye unokuba nefuthe- amanani ayangqina oko. Abantwana banjalo Ama-50% mancinci amathuba okuba basebenzise iziyobisi xa abazali babo bexoxa rhoqo ngobungozi kunye nabo . Rhoqo, abakwishumi elivisayo banengqondo ngakumbi kunokuba silindele ukuba babe njalo kwaye bayayamkela impembelelo entle nokuba abayibonisi ngaphandle.

Ngelishwa, ubungqina bubonisa ukuba abazali abaninzi abanazo ezi ncoko nabantwana babo. Kuphela Iipesenti ezingama-22 zolutsha luxela ngokuxoxa ngobungozi bamayeza amiselweyo kunye nabazali bawo .

Inyani yile, ulutsha lubukele kwaye lumamele izinto ezithethwa ngabantu abadala ezibangqongileyo. Kuba ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ngugqirha kuhlala kungakhathalelwanga ekusebenziseni gwenxa amayeza, malunga nom-1 kwaba-4 kulutsha bakholelwa kwelokuba abazali babo ngekhe bakhathazeke kakhulu malunga nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kommiselo.

Esona sixhobo sakho sinamandla ngokuchasene nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kommiselo kunokuba kuqale incoko kunye nabantwana bakho.

Izikripthi zokuthetha malunga nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kommiselo wolutsha

Sebenzisa iimeko kubomi bemihla ngemihla ukuqalisa incoko nomntwana wakho sisicwangciso esinye. Nazi iindlela ezimbalwa.

• Uthatha iyeza
• Umntwana esikolweni ungena engxakini yokusebenzisa gwenxa amayeza amiselweyo
• Iingxelo zeendaba zasekuhlaleni malunga nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi

Njengoko uqala ukuthetha nolutsha malunga nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi, babuze uluvo lwabo ngeziyobisi, kwaye uxoxe malunga nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ngugqirha kwiincoko ezibanzi malunga nokuphila ngendlela esempilweni.

Ukwabelana ngenyani malunga nesikolo, imisebenzi, kunye neziyobisi

Abantu abadala abanempembelelo banokubonelela ngemfundo malunga namayeza ngelixa bethatha iinjongo kwiintsomi zolutsha ezinokukholelwa. Nokuba ulutsha luxhalabile malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga okanye eminye imingcipheko, banokucinga ukuba izibonelelo zingaphezulu kobungozi; mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba bengabuqondi ubungozi.

Abazali badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwabelaneni ngeenyaniso malunga neziyobisi ezichongiweyo, kwaye kukho ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka abantwana bazi.

Inyani: Imiyalelo inokuba likhoboka njengeziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni

Indawo yokuthetha: Uninzi lwabantu aluyazi indlela amayeza amayeza amayeza anokunyanzelwa ngayo. Ngamanye amaxesha banomdla ngaphezu kweziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni.

Iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni ayisosenzo sodwa edolophini xa kufikwa kubukhoboka. Okwangoku Iipesenti ezingama-27 zolutsha cinga ukuba imigqaliselo ayisiyiyo njengeziyobisi zasesitalatweni. Ngelishwa, inkolelo yokusebenzisa gwenxa imigqaliselo ekhuselekileyo ikwabelwana ngayo nge-16% yabazali.

Inyani: Amayeza kagqirha akakhuselekanga ngokwemvelo

Indawo yokuthetha: Imigqaliselo inikwa ngoogqirha, abajonga idosi yakho ukuze baqiniseke ukuba ikulungele. Naliphi na iyeza linokungalindeleki okanye libe neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga nokuba ukhe wayisebenzisa ngaphambili. Kungenxa yoko le nto ungafanelekanga ukuthatha amayeza kagqirha ngaphandle kokuba ubhalelwe wena.

Nabantwana bakho, kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukubakho kwamayeza ukuba abe luncedo kwaye abe yingozi. Amayeza amiselweyo awakhuselekanga kuye wonke umntu, yiyo loo nto oogqirha, ababoneleli ngezempilo, kunye noosokhemesti benza uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwembali yezempilo yesigulana ngaphambi kokuhambisa amayeza.

Nokuba amayeza eetafile aneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Yazisa umntwana wakho ukuba ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga zinokungaqiniseki, kwaye zinokubonisa kamva ukuba azenzeki emva kwethamo lokuqala. Ukuthatha amayeza umzimba wakho awudingi kwandisa amathuba okuba umzimba wakho ube nokwenzakala.

Yazisa umntwana wakho malunga nomngcipheko wokusetyenziswa gwenxa kommiselo.

• Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga
• Ukucothisa umsebenzi wobuchopho kunye nokucinga
• Utshintsho kubushushu bomzimba ukuya kwiindawo ezinobungozi eziphantsi kunye nokuhla
• Ukuxhuzula
• Intliziyo, izintso, okanye ukusilela kwesibindi
• Ukwanda kwamathuba okusweleka okanye okonzakeleyo
• Utshintsho lwengqondo
• Umsebenzi ophosiweyo, isikolo, kunye nemisebenzi yobuqu

Inyani: Iziyobisi azizukunceda wenze ngcono esikolweni

Indawo yokuthetha: Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwamayeza amiselweyo ayisiyondlela ikhuselekileyo yokuphucula kwezemidlalo okanye esikolweni. Ukuba awunayo i-ADHD, ukuthatha i-Adderall (okanye ichiza elifanayo) akunakunceda kuba la mayeza ayenzelwanga ukonyusa ingqondo. Ziyilelwe ukunyanga i-ADHD.

Asinguye wonke umntu osebenzisa gwenxa iziyobisi ukuze abe phezulu. Nokuba abantwana abanesazela, abasebenza nzima banokukholelwa ukuba kukho izibonelelo ekusebenziseni iziyobisi ngokungekho mthethweni.

Ukuthetha nomntwana wakho xa ukrokrela ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntwana wakho okwishumi elivisayo sele eyisebenzisa gwenxa imigqaliselo, musa ukusabela ngaphandle kwesicwangciso esicacileyo. Oku kuya kukunceda ukhusele umntwana wakho:

• Linda de kube lixesha elifanelekileyo. Ungazami ukuthetha nolutsha lwakho de lube ludlamkile. Ukuba buphakamile, banxilile, okanye ngenye indlela baphantsi kwempembelelo, linda de kube kamva ukuze ube nencoko.
• Musa ukungacaci. Xelela umntwana wakho okwishumi elivisayo ukuba kutheni uzikhathaza ngokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Ngaba uyifumene ibhotile engenanto? Umbonile ukuba uthatha iipilisi ezimbini endaweni yale ibimiselwe? Endaweni yokuthi, ndiyazi ukuba usebenzisa iziyobisi! Yithi, ndixhalabile kuba ndikubonile usela iipilisi ezintathu ngexesha elinye, ezingakhuselekanga. Ngaba yonke into ilungile?
• Hlala uphole. Kunqande ukusabela ngamandla kwaye ucaphukise umntwana wakho. Hlala uzolile njengoko unakho kwaye unamathele kwiinyani. Umntwana wakho unokukhathazeka kwaye asabele ngamandla, kodwa ufuna ukuhlala ulawula indlela osabela ngayo.
• Yabelana ngezimvo zakho. Bazise indlela oziva ngayo malunga nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kwaye ubakhumbuze abantwana bakho ukuba uyabathanda kwaye ufuna ukubaxhasa.
• Khangela uncedo. Ukuba ufuna i-backup, zama ukuthetha nomcebisi wesikolo okanye umongikazi malunga nendlela onokumnceda ngayo umntwana wakho. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuthatha inxaxheba kolutsha lwakho kwinkqubo yokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo kunokuba yimfuneko ukuze uphinde uchache.

Nanini na xa kunokwenzeka, gxininisa kwixabiso lokuphila ubomi obunempilo nokusebenzisa amayeza ngendlela efanelekileyo.

Ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kommiselo wolutsha: Izimvo zabacebisi nootitshala

Njengomcebisi okanye utitshala, ngekhe ukwazi ukuthintela ukufikelela kulutsha ngqo kumayeza amiselweyo ekhaya, kodwa ungagxininisa umngcipheko wokusebenzisa gwenxa amayeza enzelwe abanye abantu.

Olunye ulutsha lusenokufuna ukuva imfundo echanekileyo malunga neziyobisi ezivela kwimithombo emininzi nakubantu ngaphandle kwabazali babo. Ootitshala kunye nabacebisi banokusebenza njengesixhobo esihle, esingabazali sabantwana. Kwesi sikhokelo, uya kufumana amanqaku athethwayo kunye neenkcukacha-manani.

Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi xa kuthelekiswa nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kunye neziyobisi

Kukho umahluko phakathi kokusebenzisa gwenxa iziyobisi, iziyobisi kunye nokusebenzisa gwenxa. Esi sisihloko esimbaxa kwaye izizathu zokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi zinokuba nzima. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba izinto eziqhuba ngasemva kokusebenzisa iziyobisi ngendlela engalunganga kunye nokuba nesifo esichongiweyo asifani.

Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kommiselo, njengako konke ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi, kunokuba okanye kungabi yinxalenye yeziyobisi.

• Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kommiselo: Ukuthetha ngokubanzi, ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kokusebenzisa amayeza kagqirha ngaphandle kwendlela amiselwe ngayo. Oku kunokubandakanya ukuthatha iyeza lomnye umntu, ukusebenzisa ngenjongo usebenzisa idosi enkulu kunokucebisa ababoneleli, okanye ukusebenzisa iyeza lakho kwinjongo engajoliswanga ngumboneleli.
• Isiyobisi esikho mthethweni: Isifo esichongiweyo, esintsonkothileyo esichaphazela umzimba uphela kwaye sibangele utshintsho ngaphakathi kwengqondo. Iziyobisi zichazwa eklinikhi njengengxaki yokusebenzisa iziyobisi (i-DUD).

Ukuba umntwana wakho okwishumi elivisayo usebenzisa kakubi amayeza, oko akuthethi ukuba umntwana wakho uyahlangabezana neendlela zokwenza iziyobisi. Umlutha unokuchongwa kuphela ngumboneleli wezempilo emva kovavanyo olupheleleyo lweprofayili yesigulana kunye namava amiselweyo.

Ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwegqirha ngumntwana wakho kunokunceda ekuthinteleni ukuba likhoboka elizayo. Into oyenzayo namhlanje ukuqala incoko kunye nokwabelana ngolwazi nomntwana wakho kunokukhokelela ekukhetheni kwikamva kunye nokwenza izigqibo kuwo onke amayeza. Njengoko bekhula baba ngabantu abadala, ulutsha lwanamhlanje luya kuthi lubone ngaphezulu kwe-counter, i-prescription, kunye neziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni kwinkcubeko ejikeleze bona, ke bafuna ukuba ubanike ulwazi kunye nokuqonda ngoku.

Iinyani malunga nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kulutsha

Uphando kunye neengxelo ezibangelwa kukufa zivelisa iinyani eziphazamisayo malunga neziphumo zokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi ngulutsha.

Sisiphi isiyobisi esinguNo.1 esisetyenziswa lulutsha?

Inkqubo ye- Ukubeka iliso kuPhando lwexesha elizayo lwe-2018 , Ixhaswe liZiko leSizwe kuThintelo lweziyobisi, inika ingxelo yokuba phakathi kwamayeza amiselweyo, iipesenti ezi-3.5 zolutsha zichaza ukusebenzisa i-Adderall, i-1.7% yolutsha ichaza ukusebenzisa i-Oxycontin, i-1.1% yolutsha ichaza ukusebenzisa i-Vicodin, kunye ne-0.8% yolutsha ingxelo esebenzisa i-Ritalin.

Izibalo zolutsha

Owona mthombo unokuthenjwa wolwazi malunga nolutsha kunye neziyobisi uvela kunyaka Ukubeka iliso kuPhando lweKamva (MTF) I-U.S. isibhozo, i-10, kunye ne-12th abafundi bebanga. Olu phononongo lutyhila ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga neendlela ezisetyenziswa kulutsha ekusebenziseni iziyobisi. Izibalo zibuyela umva ngo-1975.

Amanani olutsha lokusebenzisa iziyobisi ngo-2016

Ngokophando lwe-2016 MTF, nazi iipesenti zabaphenduli abathe baxela ukusebenzisa la machiza alandelayo kunyaka ophelileyo.

• Intsangu: 22.6%
• I-Adderall: 3.9%
• I-Oxycontin: 2.1%
• IVicodin: 1.8%
• Cocaine: 1.4%
• URitalin: 1.1%
• IHeroin: 0.3%

Inani lolutsha lokusebenzisa iziyobisi ngo-2017

Ngokophando lwe-2017 MTF, nazi iipesenti zabaphenduli abathe baxela ukusebenzisa la machiza alandelayo kunyaka ophelileyo.

• Intsangu: 23.9%
• Ukuvota: 21.5%
• I-Adderall: 3.5%
• I-Oxycontin: 1.9%
• Cocaine: iipesenti ezi-1.6
• IVicodin: 1.3%
• URitalin: 0.8%
• IHeroin: 0.3%

Iinkcukacha-manani zokusebenzisa iziyobisi kulutsha ngo-2018

Ngokophando lwe-2018 MTF, nazi iipesenti zabaphenduli abathe baxela ukusebenzisa la machiza alandelayo kunyaka ophelileyo.

• Intsangu: 24.3%
• I-Adderall: 3.5%
• I-Oxycontin: 1.7%
• Cocaine: 1.5%
• IVicodin: 1.1%
• URitalin: 0.8%
• IHeroin: 0.3%

Iingcebiso zokugcina imigqaliselo ikhuselekile ekhaya

Abazali mabagcine iliso elibukhali kumayeza abanawo ekhaya ukunceda ukukhusela ulutsha lwabo.

• Yenza uluhlu lwayo yonke imigqaliselo kwaye ugcine umkhondo xa izaliswa kwakhona. Oku kuya kukunceda uqaphele xa iyeza lilahleka.
• Bala inani leepilisi kwibhotile ukuba ukrokrela ukuba ezinye zilahlekile. Thelekisa itotali nenani olinikwe ekhemesti.
• Amayeza ahlala esetyenziswa gwenxa, njengamayeza okuphelisa iintlungu, thenga ikhabhathi etshixwayo.
• Zazi iimpawu zokusebenzisa gwenxa amayeza kwaye ujonge indlela yokuziphatha kunye neempawu ezihambelana nale nkcazo.
• Hlala uncokola ngokusondeleyo nogqirha wakho elivisayo, ootitshala, kunye nabanye abantu abadala ebomini bomntwana wakho.

Ukukhulisa ulutsha ukuba lusebenzise amayeza ngenkathalo

Njengokuba unale ncoko, yazisa abantwana bakho ukuba bangawasebenzisa njani amayeza ngendlela eyiyo kwaye bahlale bephilile:

• Ukulandela iingcebiso kunye nemiyalelo: Kubalulekile ukulandela zonke izilumkiso, ingcebiso yababoneleli, kunye nemikhombandlela ebandakanywe nonyango. Oku kubandakanya isikhokelo ngokuchasene nokuthatha amayeza omnye umntu.
• Ukwala amayeza awonakeleyo okanye aphazamisekileyo: Chaza ukuba mabenze ntoni xa amayeza abo ekhangeleka ngathi onakele, aphazanyisiwe, okanye aphelelwe lixesha. Bazise ukuba bafanele bamamele ingqiqo yabo kwaye baphephe ukuthatha naliphi na iyeza elibonakala lonakele okanye lingakhuselekanga ngaphandle kokuthetha nogqirha okanye usokhemisti.
• Ukugcina amayeza: Abakwishumi elivisayo kufuneka baqiniseke ukuba imigqaliselo yabo igcinwe kwindawo engafikelelekiyo kwaye ikude nabantwana abancinci. Ukuba ukupakisha kunika imiyalelo ekhethekileyo yokugcina, kubalulekile ukuyilandela.
• Ukuthetha malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingafunekiyo: Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kufuneka zixelwe kugqirha okanye usokhemesti. Umboneleli unokuthatha isigqibo sokutshintsha idosi okanye uhlengahlengiso kunyango.
• Ukwazi ukungqinelana kunye nokunxibelelana: Amayeza amayeza kunye nokuthengiswa kwamayeza kunokusebenza kunye nezinye izixhobo ezisetyenziswa rhoqo.
• Iilebheli zokufunda ngononophelo: Ulutsha kufuneka luyazi indlela ekubaluleke ngayo ukufunda iilebheli kunye nokufakwa kweebhokisi.
• Ukufumana izixhobo ezithembakeleyo kwi-Intanethi: I-intanethi inayo ulwazi olubi, kodwa iisayithi ezithembakeleyo ezinje IWebMD kwaye i Ikliniki yaseMayo Indawo yimithombo yolwazi olusemthethweni, kubandakanya ulwazi malunga nemigqaliselo.
• Ukuthembela kwinkxaso yangaphandle: Abantu abadala abathembekileyo ngomnye umthombo wolwazi ongabazali.
• Ukubuza imibuzo: Abantwana kufuneka bakhuthazwe ukuba bathethe nosokhemisti kunye nomboneleli wezempilo ukuba banemibuzo kagqirha.

Ngokufundisa abantwana bakho abakwishumi elivisayo indlela yokusebenzisa amayeza ngokufanelekileyo, ubeka umbono ophilileyo wemigqaliselo kunye nezinye iziyobisi ubomi babo bonke.