I-Adderall: Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi ezisemthethweni kwiikholeji ziyakhula
Ulwazi lweziyobisiI-Adderall kunye neRitalin ngamagama asekhaya, ahlala abonwa njengamayeza amsulwa asetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukungahambi kakuhle (ADHD okanye ADD). Xa zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga le meko, zona are , Kwaye eneneni ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi . Kodwa ukuxhaphaka kwabo kwiikholeji zekholeji, kunye nodumo njengabaphuculi bendlela yokusebenza, kukhokelela ekusetyenzisweni gwenxa kweziyobisi ezikhutshwa ngugqirha kunye nokuguqula iziyobisi-abathi abanye bafikelela kubhubhane.
Ukuqonda ukuba amayeza anje ngeAdderall, Ritalin, Vyvanse, Concerta (kunye nezinye i-methylphenidates okanye ii-amphetamines) zibuchaphazela njani ubomi babantwana ngokungenabungozi.
Izikhuthazi zokuphucula ukusebenza
Ngoku ka isifundo epapashwe kwi Ijenali yezifo eziLuthayo , kukho iindawo ezininzi ezithengisa ulwazi olungelulo malunga nokusetyenziswa okunganyangekiyo ngugqirha ngokusetyenziswa kokwenza iinjongo ezikhuthazayo zokuphucula ukusebenza kwengqondo kulutsha, iingcali ezisencinci kunye nabafundi. Aba bafana namabhinqa aselula — abasoloko besokola kwiimviwo zokuphela konyaka kunye nezinye iimeko zoxinzelelo olukhulu kwizifundo-bagcwele iintloko kunye namahemuhemu abonisa iziyobisi ezikrelekrele kunye nokusebenzisa iziyobisi ngobuhlakani kubahlobo, iiforamu ezikwi-Intanethi, nakumajelo eendaba.
Ukuthatha ipilisi ukuze ufumane amanqaku aphezulu, usebenze kakuhle emsebenzini, okanye uzilungiselele kwisisombululo esinomtsalane koxinzelelo esijamelana nalo uninzi lwethu. Ityeshela iitaboos eziqhelekileyo zokuziphatha gwenxa kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi. Xa ndandisekholejini, abantu babesebenzisa iziyobisi ukujonga. Ngoku, abantu benza iziyobisi ukukhangela, uGqirha Anjan Chatterjee, usihlalo we-neurology kwiYunivesithi yasePennsylvania, uphawula kwangoko kwi-documentary yasekuqaleni yeNetflix Thatha iipilisi zakho -Oku kujongana nokuxhatshazwa okukhuthazayo okuchongiweyo kwiikholeji zekholeji.
Ngelixa sasidubula umboniso bhanyabhanya, abantu abasebenzisa iAdderall, Ritalin, la machiza rhoqo-ndandimangalisiwe ukuba bangaphi abantu abatsha abanokuthi, 'Ke, usebenza kule vidiyo-iyasebenza?' Thatha iipilisi zakho Umlawuli uAlison Klayman uxelele i-NPR . Kwaye into emangalisayo kukuba enye yeempembelelo ze-Adderall-oko kukuthi, uyazi, i-amphetamine, i-amphetamine edibeneyo-yinto eyenza uzive ngathi wenza ngcono. Kodwa uluvo lokuba ezi 'ziipilisi ezikrelekrele' okanye ziziphuculi zengqondo zilahlekile kancinci.
Kwaye yile nto eyenza umba wokusetyenziswa gwenxa kokunyanzelwa ngugqirha ukuba ube yingxaki eyoyikisayo. Esi simo sengqondo siyanda. Ngokwe- ukufunda epapashwe kwi Ijenali yaseMelika yoNyango ngedatha ethathwe kuVavanyo lukaZwelonke luka-2015 nango-2016 loSetyenziso lweziyobisi kunye neMpilo, i-5 yezigidi zaseMelika zisebenzisa ngokungekho semthethweni izikhuthazi, kwaye uninzi lufuna ukukhulisa uxinzelelo lwengqondo kunye namandla engqondo. A ukufunda epapashwe kwi Ijenali yezeMpilo yaseKholeji yaseMelika ifumanise ukuba i-17 yeepesenti ye-179 ekwenziweyo amadoda kunye neepesenti ezili-11 zabasetyhini abangama-202 baxele ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwamayeza amiselweyo avuselelayo. Amashumi amane anesine eepesenti babafundi abaphandwayo bathi bayabazi abafundi abasebenzisa gwenxa amayeza avuselelayo kuzo zombini izizathu zokufunda kunye nokuzonwabisa.
Yintoni ebangela ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kagqirha?
Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi uchaza ukusetyenziswa gwenxa njengokusebenzisa into ngenjongo engahambelaniyo nezikhokelo zomthetho okanye zonyango.
Le nkcazo yokusetyenziswa gwenxa igubungela amadoda nabafazi abancinci bajikela kwi-Adderall, iRitalin, iVivvanse, okanye ezinye izinto ezikhuthaza ugqirha ukubanceda bajonge, bahlale bephaphile ixesha elide, kwaye benze ngcono. Kwaye ngelixa bebona iinjongo zabo zilungile, eyona nto banokungayiqondi xa bethatha ipilisi kumhlobo wabo okanye bafuna ugqirha ngokwabo kukuba izibonelelo ezinokubakho zokusebenzisa iziyobisi ezikhuthaza ukuphucula ukusebenza zinomda kunokuba abaninzi beqonda.
Iingozi zokusebenzisa gwenxa amayeza kagqirha
Uphando Ibonisa ukuba abasebenzisi abanyanzelayo ukuba basebenzise amayeza Akunjalo ukubathatha ukuba banyange imeko yezonyango kuhlala kunomyinge wenqanaba elisezantsi kunabangengabo abasebenzisi. Oku kuphakamisa ukuba abafundi abaphumeleleyo ezifundweni abanakho ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ezikhuthazayo ngaphandle konyango. Ukongeza, abasebenzisi bokukhuthaza amayeza abanyanzelekileyo kunokwenzeka ngakumbi kunabanye abafundi ukuba basele kakhulu kwaye basebenzise ezinye iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni.
Kwaye ukuthatha ezi medali kunokuba yingozi emzimbeni, kungabi kubi nje kumabakala akho. Zonke iibhotile zeAdderall ziza ziphawulwe nge isilumkiso sebhokisi emnyama ukusuka kwi-FDA-lelona nqanaba liphezulu lesilumkiso i-FDA ilibeka kumayeza. I-FDA ithathele ingqalelo isilumkiso esiyimfuneko ngenxa yesikhuthazi esikhuthazayo esinokubakho sokwandisa ukubetha kwentliziyo yabasebenzisi kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye nokuphakamisa umngcipheko we-aneurysms, isifo sentliziyo, kunye / okanye ukubetha. La mayeza abangela ukuguga kwentliziyo. Beza nengozi yokuba abasebenzisi banokuba ngamakhoboka ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni okanye baxhomekeke kwichiza. Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zeAdderall zibandakanya ukulala, ukungasebenzi kakuhle, ukuba nochuku, kunye notshintsho kubuntu.
Kodwa ngaphandle kwamathuba amabi, imigqaliselo yezikhuthazi ithandwa ngakumbi kunangaphambili. I-ADHD kukuchongwa okuxhaphakileyo okuxhaphakileyo, kwaye izikhuthazi zogqirha lunyango lokuqala. Yamkelwe ngoku into yokuba i-ADHD iyaqhubeka nokuba mdala, ke ulutsha oluninzi luya ekholejini ngamayeza-ludala ithuba elikhulu kwabo bangenalo amayeza okufumana amayeza, kunye nokwenza ibala kunye nobunzima kwabo basebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo izikhuthazi ukunyanga i-ADHD kunye Yongeza. Ngokwe- IZiko leLizwe leSiyobisi , Izigidi ezili-16 zabantu abadala base-US bathatha izikhuthazi zonyango.
Ukunceda ukunciphisa ukubakho kwe-Adderall, i-Ritalin, i-Vyvanse, kunye nezinye izinto ezikhuthazayo, uninzi lweengcali zonyango kunye noogqirha ngokubanzi bayakhuthazwa ngophando kunye neengcali kwicandelo lokuthumela abaguli kwiingcali zengqondo kunokubeka emngciphekweni iimeko ezingachananga ze-ADD kunye ne-ADHD ngokwabo.
Ukuphakamisa ulwazi malunga nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwamayeza amiselweyo
Ababhali be ukufunda epapashwe kwi Ijenali yezifo eziLawulayo ikwacacise ukubaluleka kokwazisa abantu kwiikholeji zeempawu ezinokubakho zeempawu ezinokubakho, iimpawu, kunye nomngcipheko wokusetyenziswa gwenxa konyango. Kodwa ukujongana ngokupheleleyo noxinzelelo olunokhuphiswano oluqhuba uninzi lwempatho-mbi ye-Adderall, utshintsho olubanzi kwinkcubeko kunye neengxoxo ezivulekileyo ngakumbi malunga nokuba ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kunye nokuxhatshazwa kujongeka kanjani phakathi kweentsapho, izihlobo kunye noontanga.
Namhlanje, abazali abaninzi abayazi into yokuba abantwana babo abafunda ezikholejini basebenzisa izikhuthazi ezikhutshelwa ngugqirha ngaphandle kwezonyango, okanye, okubi nangakumbi, abazali abaninzi babonakala ngathi bayayenza ingxaki ngokujonga iliso okanye ukukhuthaza indlela yokuziphatha, umbhali uGqirha Amelia A. Arria wabhala i ukufunda . Bavuselelwa yinkxalabo yabo malunga nokwandisa ukusebenza komntwana wabo ezifundweni, aba bazali basemngciphekweni omkhulu weentsomi… ukuba, okona kulungileyo, ukusebenzisa amayeza okunyanga amayeza kunokunceda abantwana babo bafumane amabakala angcono kwaye, okona kubi, akunabungozi. … Abazali mabakhuthazwe ukuba baxoxe ngeentsomi ezithandwayo nabantwana babo kwaye bagxininise ukuba ukuya eklasini, ukugqiba ii-asayimenti ngexesha, nokugcina umsebenzi wesikolo rhoqo sesona sicwangciso-nokuba kunzima kwaye siyadinisa-isicwangciso sokuphumelela ukuqhuba kakuhle ezifundweni . Umlinganiso oluncedo nolufanelekileyo unokutsalwa ngeendlela zokulawula ubunzima. Indlela esempilweni yokuphumelela ixesha elide ibandakanya ukuzilolonga rhoqo kunye nemikhwa yokutya esempilweni.
Iimpawu zokuxhatshazwa kwe-Adderall
Xa iyeza linikwa okanye lithathwa nguwo nawuphina umntu ngaphandle kwalowo ebemiselwe yena, kuthiwa kukuphambukiswa kweziyobisi. Kuyingozi, kwaye-ngelishwa-kuqhelekile. Yintoni abangayiqondiyo abaninzi, ikwalwaphulo-mthetho olubi. Xa abantwana abanomqolomba we-ADHD kuxinzelelo loontanga kwaye banike abahlobo iipilisi, banokubanjwa kwaye bahlawuliswe ngetyala. Kwaye oko kuyakuhlala nabo ixesha elide emva kokuvutha kwazo zonke ii-A zesemester ziyaphela. Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho unokusebenzisa kakubi i-Adderall, jonga le miqondiso yokulumkisa:
- Ukuthetha ngaphezu kwesiqhelo, okanye ukuba neengcinga ezingaphelelanga
- Kubonakala ngathi unemincili ngokungaqhelekanga, ukuba ndlongondlongo, ukungxamiseka okanye i-mania
- Ukutya kancinci kunesiqhelo
- Ukurhoxa ekuhlaleni
- Ukuphelisa ucoceko lomntu
- Ukuba nemicimbi yobudlelwane
- Ukulala ngakumbi okanye ukudinwa rhoqo
- Udidi oluphosakeleyo okanye umsebenzi
- Ukuphuhlisa indlela yokuziphatha eyimfihlo okanye ebonakala ngathi yiparanoid
- Ufuna imali rhoqo okanye uhambe ngayo ngokukhawuleza
- Ukudideka okanye ukulahleka kwememori
- Ukunciphisa umzimba ngokweqile
- Ukugxininisa ngaphezulu okanye ukusebenza ngaphezulu kukhokelela ekudinweni
Ukuba unomntwana, ilungu losapho, umhlobo, okanye umfundi ovakalise okanye wabonisa iimpawu zokuphathwa gadalala ngendlela evuselelayo, kuya kufuneka uyithathe ngokungathí sina. Thetha nabo malunga ne I-3Rs yokusebenzisa amayeza Ucebisa ukuSetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kunye noLawulo lweeNkonzo zeMpilo yeNgqondo ( SAMHSA ukuhambelana namazwi ). Chaza ukuba izikhuthazi ziyingozi-aziloncedo- kwaye ukusebenzisa amayeza kagqirha akunakhuseleka kwaye kunokukhuseleka kunokuzama iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni. Yithathe njengommakishi wezinye iingxaki zempilo ezinokubakho ngokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi okanye impilo yengqondo — ekufuneka isonjululwe ziingcali zokhathalelo lwempilo.
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zeAdderall kunye nokurhoxa
Uninzi lwabantu luthatha la mayeza ukunyanga i-ADHD abanamava kweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zihlala ziphela emva kokuthatha iyeza iiveki ezimbalwa.
Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zeAdderall, ngokwe Ilayibrari yeSizwe yezeMpilo yaseMelika , zibandakanya:
- Uvalo
- Intloko ebuhlungu
- Utshintsho ekuqhubeni isondo okanye amandla
- Iintlungu zokuba sexesheni
- Umlomo owomileyo
- Ukuqunjelwa
- Urhudo
- Isicaphucaphu
- Kunzima ukulala
- Ukubaxwa kunye / okanye ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kweemvakalelo
- Ixhala
- Ukuphazamiseka
- Ukuhla ukusinda
- Ukunciphisa ukutya
Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba unazo naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Eminye imiphumo emibi ye-Adderall ibandakanya:
- Ukuthetha kancinci okanye kunzima
- Ukuba nesiyezi
- Ukuba buthathaka okanye ukuba ndindisholo kwengalo okanye umlenze
- Ukuxhuzula
- Imoto okanye intetho yomlomo
- Amazinyo asila
- Uxinzelelo
- Ukukholelwa izinto ezingeyonyani
- Ndiziva ndikrokrela ngokungaqhelekanga abanye
- Ukwenza izinto ezingekhoyo
- Imania
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphakamileyo
- Iipalpitations
- Ulusu luthambile ekukhanyeni
- Usulelo lwe-Urinary tract
- Intlungu zesisu
- Ukuhlutha
- Utshintsho kumbono okanye umbono ongenanto
- Imfusa okanye umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eminweni okanye kwiinzwane
- Intlungu, ukuba ndindisholo, ukutshisa okanye ukubetha ezandleni okanye ezinyaweni
- Amanxeba angachazwanga, njengokuqaqamba kwamabala okanye ukukhupha ulusu
- Iimpawu zokungalungelani, njengoku: irhashalala, urticaria, ukurhawuzelela, ukudumba kwamehlo, ubuso, ulwimi okanye umqala, ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukugwinya, ukudakumba
Ukuba ufumana nayiphi na le miphumo emibi, biza ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza, okanye ufune unyango lwezonyango. Olu ayilo luhlu lupheleleyo lweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, jonga ulwazi kugqirha okanye usokhemesti ngaphambi kokuba uthathe naliphi na iyeza.
Xa ukuxhatshazwa kwe-Adderall, ixesha elide, kunokukhokelela ekuxhomekekeni. Xa oko kusenzeka, kunokubakho iimpawu zokurhoxa xa uyekile iyeza. Iimpawu zokurhoxa kweAdderall, ngokwe Amaziko oMlutha waseMelika , zibandakanya:
- Ukuphuthelwa
- Guqula ukutya
- Ukudinwa
- Ukucaphuka / ukungazinzi
- Uxinzelelo
- Ukuhamba kweemvakalelo
- Ixhala
- Iingcinga zokuzibulala
- Iinyikima
- Intloko ebuhlungu
- Iminqweno yeziyobisi
- Ingxaki yokujonga
- Ukunqongophala kwenkuthazo
- Ukuxhuzula
- Ubuhlungu bemisipha
- Ukuhla ukusinda
- Ukukhawuleza kwentliziyo
- Uloyiko
- Umbono omfiliba
- Igazi elonyukayo
Ukuba ukrokrela ukuxhatshazwa kuka-Adderall, okanye ukuba umntwana wakho uxhomekeke ku-Adderall, unokufuna ukuseta ishedyuli yokulunyulwa ngoncedo lwengcali yezonyango ukunceda ngeempawu.
Uxinzelelo lweAdderall kunye nonyango lweziyobisi
I-Adderall yiShedyuli II evuselelayo, oko kuthetha ukuba inamandla aphezulu okulutha. Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho okwishumi elivisayo ninokuba likhoboka, unokufumana kunzima ukuyeka ukuthatha iAdderall. Indibaniselwano ye-detox yonyango-ukulunyulwa kwe-Adderall ngoncedo lukagqirha-kwaye unyango lunamathuba amahle okuphumelela.
Awuqinisekanga ukuba uza kuqala ngaphi? Zama ezi zixhobo zonyango lwe-Adderall kunye neziyobisi:
