I-FDA ivuma i-Ervebo, iyeza lokuqala lokugonya i-Ebola

Iindaba

Kwimbali eyamkelweyo, iU.S. Food and Drug Administration (i-FDA) yabhengeza isatifikethi se-Ervebo, isitofu sokuqala se-Ebola sokuthintela nokukhusela isifo se-Ebola (EVD).

Yintoni i-Ebola?

I-Ebola yintsholongwane eyosulela kakhulu. Isasazeka ngokudibana ngqo negazi, ulwelo lomzimba, kunye nezicubu zezilwanyana ezosulelekileyo okanye abantu-kwaye isenokudluliselwa ngokudibana nomphezulu kunye nezinto (ezinje ngomandlalo okanye impahla) ezingcoliswe lulwelo. Intsholongwane inexesha lokufukama elisusela kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezingama-21 (ikakhulu iintsuku ezisibhozo ukuya kwezili-10). Emva koko, ukuqala kweempawu kunokuba ngequbuliso kwaye kubandakanya umkhuhlane, ukudinwa, iintlungu zemisipha, intloko ebuhlungu kunye nomqala obuhlungu. Ezi mpawu zilandelwa kukugabha, urhudo, irhashalala, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso kunye nesibindi, kwaye kwezinye iimeko ukopha ngaphakathi nangaphandle.

Isifo sentsholongwane se-Ebola saziswa kuluntu lwaseMelika emva kwencwadi ethengisa kakhulu kaRichard Preston, Indawo eshushu , yapapashwa ngo-1994 — ibhala imvelaphi neziganeko zesifo sentsholongwane iEbola kumazantsi eSahara eAfrika. Kodwa i-EVD iqinisekisile ukuba uqhambuko luye lwahlasela abantu ukusukela nge1970. Ngokutsho kwe-FDA, ukuqhambuka eGuinea, eLiberia naseSierra Leone (okwaqala ngo-2014 ukuya ku-2016) kubangele iimeko ezingaphezu kwama-28,000 ze-EVD kunye nokufa okungaphezu kwe-11,000. Okwangoku, iDemocratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) ifumana ukuqhambuka kwesibini ngobukhulu be-EVD.

Ngaba kukho isitofu sokugonya i-Ebola?

Isifo sentsholongwane se-Ebola sisifo esinqabileyo kodwa esiqatha nesibulalayo esingazi mida, UPeter Marks, MD, Ph.D., umlawuli weZiko le-FDA loVavanyo loPhando ngezebhayoloji, utshilo ukukhululwa kweendaba . Ugonyo lubalulekile ukunceda ukunqanda ukuqhambuka kunye nokumisa intsholongwane ye-Ebola ekusasazeni xa kuqhambuka.

Kulapho kungena khona u-Ervebo. Iyeza lokugonya i-Ebola-elenziwa yinkampani eyenza amayeza i-Merck & Co., Inc.- lilawulwa ngenaliti yethamo elinye. Sisigonyo esiphilayo, esincitshisiweyo nesenziwe ngobuchwephesha semfuza ukuba siqulathe iproteni evela kwiZaire ebolavirus.

Ukuphuhlisa iyeza lokugonya i-Ebola

Umsebenzi wokugonya i-Ebola waqala ngonyaka ka-2004, kodwa kwade kwaqala ukuqhambuka ngoo-2010 apho inkqubo yokuvavanya nokwamkela i-Ervebo yayibekwe phambili.

Ngo-2018, uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) waqala ukusebenzisa i-Ervebo njengonyango emva kokuba i-FDA inike ichiza lokuNyanga ukuNyanga. Oku kuququzelele uphuhliso kunye novavanyo lwenzululwazi lwamayeza kwaye kwavumela isitofu ukuba sisetyenziswe phantsi kwenkqubo yokufikelela eyandisiweyo yokunceda ukuqhambuka kweDRC.

Kwisifundo esenziwe ngexesha lokuqhambuka kwe-2014-2016 eGuinea, u-Ervebo wayezimisele ukuba asebenze ngokukuko kwi-100% ekuthinteleni iimeko ze-Ebola ezinophawu oluqala ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezili-10 emva kogonyo. Ukhuseleko luka-Ervebo lwafundwa kwizigulana ezingama-15,000 eAfrika, eYurophu naseMntla Melika. Iziphumo ebezona zixhaphakileyo kukuchaphazeleka kwendawo yenaliti, intloko ebuhlungu, umkhuhlane, iintlungu zemisipha kunye nokudinwa.

Kodwa qaphela, u-Ervebo usebenza kuphela ngokuchasene ne-Zaire ye-Ebola-ngokwe Merck.

Kwaye ngoku, ugonyo lwamkelwe ukuthintela isifo se-Ebola (EVD), esibangelwa yiZaire ebolavirus kubantu abali-18 ubudala nangaphezulu. Phambi kwale mvume, iyeza lokugonya le-Ebola linokusetyenziswa kuphela kwimeko ezingxamisekileyo, njengokugqabhuka okwangoku, utshilo uGqirha John Dye, oyintloko ye-immunology kwi-US Army Medical Research Institute yeZifo ezosulelayo.

Ngokuvunywa kwayo, i-Ervebo inokusetyenziswa njengenyathelo elisebenzayo lothintelo ukunceda ukunqanda ukuqhambuka kungaze kwenzeke, endaweni yokuba bakwazi ukuphendula xa besenza.

Ukuphunyezwa kwanamhlanje linyathelo elibalulekileyo kwimizamo yethu yokulwa i-Ebola ngokubambisana kunye namaqabane ethu kwiSebe lezeMpilo kunye neNkonzo zoLuntu zase-US, kunye namaqabane ethu ngamazwe, njenge-World Health Organisation, u-Anna Abram, i-FDA uSekela-Khomishinala Umgaqo-nkqubo, owisoMthetho, kunye neMicimbi yeHlabathi, itsho kwingxelo yeendaba. Ezi nzame, kubandakanya ukwamkelwa okuphawuleka kwanamhlanje, zibonisa ukuzinikezela okungagungqiyo kwe-FDA ekusebenziseni ubuchule bethu bokuququzelela uphuhliso kunye nokufumaneka kweemveliso zonyango ezikhuselekileyo nezisebenzayo ukujongana neemfuno ezingxamisekileyo zempilo yoluntu kunye nokulwa izifo ezosulelayo.

Liza kufumaneka nini iyeza lokugonya i-Ebola?

Ngokwentetho ye Merck, Amayeza okugonya intsholongwane ye-Ebola ayakube sele elungile nge-2020. Inkampani yamayeza iya kusebenza noMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi, i-UNICEF, urhulumente wase-US, kunye no-Gavi (uManyano lwe-Vaccine) ukumisela iindlela zokuhambisa isitofu sokugonya.