I-Antibiotic 101: Ziyintoni kwaye kutheni sizifuna?

Imfundo yezeMpilo

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngokuqinisekileyo yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo nezinefuthe kunyango lwezonyango-bayiguqule indlela esikunyanga ngayo ukugula nokusindisa ubomi obungenakubalwa kusulelo lwebhaktiriya.

Zenziwe nini ii-antibiotics?

Ngomnyaka we-1928, isazinzulu u-Alexander Fleming wafumanisa ngempazamo i-penicillin xa wayeshiya inkcubeko yebhaktiriya engatyhilekanga eseholideyini, Umbutho weMicrobiology . Ukubumba kukhule kwizitya zakhe zepetri, kwaye kwambulalaIibhaktheriya awayezifunda.

Ukulibala kukaFleming kukhokelele kwi-antibiotic yokuqala eveliswe ngobunzima, okanye i-bacteria-killer, athe wayiphumelela Ibhaso likaNobel kwiPhysology okanye amayeza , kunye nezinye izazinzulu ezimbini, ngo-1945.

Zithini i-antibiotics ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga?

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngamayeza okusindisa ubomi amiselwe ukulwa nezifo ngokubulala iintsholongwane okanye ukuzigcina zingazivelisi, ichaza i-National Library of Medicine I-MedlinePlus . Ngelixa ii-antibiotics zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezininzi ezinobuzaza, azifuneki- okanye zisebenze kwizifo zentsholongwane, njengomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane.

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngamayeza asetyenziselwa ukunceda amajoni omzimba omzimba ukulwa ukosuleleka ziintsholongwane, Katie Taylor, Pharm.D., Uthi. Wongeza ukuba iintlobo zosulelo lwebacteria zinokubandakanya usulelo lomchamo, inyumoniya, kunye nolusu kunye nokusuleleka kwithishu, ukubiza nje ezimbalwa.

Zisebenza njani ii-antibiotics?

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane abulala iiseli zebacteria ezibangela usulelo lwakho, kodwa zishiya iiseli zabantu zodwa, uyachaza Iziko lokuFunda leNzululwazi yezeMvelo kwiYunivesithi yase-Utah .

Ngoku ka Incwadana yeMerck , kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezibulali ntsholongwane ezikhoyo, kwaye uhlobo ngalunye lwe zintsholongwane lusebenza kwiintlobo ezithile zebacteria. Kungenxa yoko le nto ugqirha wakho emisela amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukuba anyange usulelo oluthile lwebhakteria. Zininzi iintlobo, okanye iiklasi, zee-antibiotics: iipenicillin, i-tetracyclines, kunye ne-nitrofurantoin, ukubiza nje ezimbalwa.

Ngaphakathi kwezi klasi, kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeempawu ezikhoyo.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeI-antibiotics isebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeka kwiklasi ye-antibiotic abayiyo, utshoAmesh Adalja, MD, ugqirha oqinisekisiweyo webhodi kwizifo ezosulelayo kunye nomphengululi omkhulu kuJohn Hopkins.Umzekelo, i-penicillin kunye ne-antibiotics ehambelana nayo iphazamisa ubume bodonga lweeseli, ngelixa i-antibiotics efana ne-ciprofloxacin isebenza kwiinkqubo ze-DNA zebhakteria.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeantibiotic. Banokuthathwa ngomlomo, bafakwe kwimixholo, okanye bafumane inaliti. Inye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyiqaphele kukuba ayisiyiyo kuphela i-antibiotic ethile ekufuneka ikwazi ukubulala ibacteria ethile, kodwa ikwafika nakwindawo yosulelo, ucacisa uGqirha Taylor. Umzekelo, ayizizo zonke i-antibiotic ezinokungena kwingqondo okanye emathanjeni, kwaye ukuba kulapho isifo sikhona, kuya kuba nzima ukunyanga olo sulelo ngala machiza. Ugqirha wakho ukumisela le fomu inokujolisa ngqo apho usulelo lukhona emzimbeni wakho.

Ithatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba isebenze?

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane akhawulezisa ngokukhawuleza, ubuncinci kwinqanaba le-microbiological, ucacisa uGqirha Adalja.Nangona kunjalo, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani kunye nokuba qatha kosulelo, kungathatha iiyure okanye iintsuku ukuba iimpawu zomntu zitshintshe ngokubonakalayo, uyongeza.

Xa iimpawu zakho ziqala ukuphucula, akufanele uyeke ukuthatha umyalelo wakho. Kubalulekile ukuba uxinzelelo lokuba isiguli kufuneka sithathe yonke ikhosi yezibulala-ntsholongwane ezimiselwe ngumboneleli wakho wokhathalelo lwempilo ukuqinisekisa unyango olwaneleyo losulelo ukuze lungaphindi lubuye okanye lubangele ukunganyangeki, uGqirha Taylor ugxininisa.

Ezinxulumene: Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba awugqibi i-antibiotics?

Kwenzeka njani ukuba iintsholongwane zinganyangeki kwiintsholongwane?

Ukuxhathisa i-Antibiotic kwenzeka xa iibhaktheriya zifunda ukoyisa i-antibiotiki ekufanele ukuba ibabulale. Kwenzeka xa abantu beyisebenzisa kakhulu kwaye beyisebenzisa kakubi i-antibiotics. Bayazithatha kwimeko engadingi zintsholongwane, okanye bayeke ukuthatha isibulala-zintsholongwane ngaphambi kokuba ugqirha aphele. Zombini ezi meko zinika intsholongwane ithuba lokuguquka.

Ukuxhathisa i-Antibiotic kuqheleke kangangokuba Amaziko oLawulo noThintelo lwezifo (CDC) ithathe enye yezona ngxaki zingxamisekileyo kwezempilo yoluntu. Rhoqo ngonyaka abantu abangaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-2 bafumana usulelo olunganyangekiyo ngamayeza, kwaye ubuncinci abantu abangama-23,000 bayafa ngenxa yoko, ngokwe i-CDC .Usulelo olubangelwa ziintsholongwane ezinganyangekiyo zinzima, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha akunakwenzeka. Kwiimeko ezininzi, usulelo olunganyangekiyo ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane lufuna ukuhlala ixesha elide esibhedlele, utyelelo olulandelayo lokuya kugqirha, kunye nezinye iindlela ezibiza kakhulu nezinetyhefu, utsho i-CDC indawo.

Ugqirha Adalja uthi ngelixa ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwezibulala-ntsholongwane kungakhokelela kukunganyangeki kwezibulala-ntsholongwane, amandla ebhaktiriya okuvela nokuxhathisa amayeza ayilelwe ukuyibulala ikwayinyani yobomi nendaleko. Ukuxhathisa i-Antibiotic kubangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ngokubanzi kungenxa yokuba iintsholongwane zichanabeke kwi-antibiotiki kangangexesha elithile, kwaye ibhaktiriya iyatshintsha (okanye icinge) indlela yokujikeleza indlela yokusebenza kwesiyobisi, uyavuma uGqirha Taylor.

Nini ukuthatha iyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane

Eyona ndlela yokuthintela ukunganyangeki kwee-antibiotiki kukuphepha ukuthatha ii-antibiotics xa ungadingi-umzekelo, ungathathi ii-antibiotics ukunyanga iintsholongwane. Sebenzisa amanyathelo othintelo afana nezitofu zokugonya kunye nemikhwa yezempilo enempilo ukunqanda ukugula. Ke, ukuba uyafuna, qiniseka ukuba uthatha ii-antibiotics zakho njengoko kumiselwe.