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Ngaba umkhuhlane uhamba ngomoya? Funda ngendlela umkhuhlane usasazeka ngayo.

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Unikezelo | Ixesha lomkhuhlane | Ukuhanjiswa | Ungamisa njani ukusasazeka

Intsholongwane yomkhuhlane (aka, umkhuhlane) ukhaba unyaka wonke. Kodwa izinto ziqala ukunyuka xa imozulu ijika ipholile. Ukuwa kunye nobusika ziinyanga zokuqala zomkhuhlane, kunye neemeko zesifo sokuphefumla esixhaphakileyo phakathi kukaDisemba noFebruwari. Kwinoveli intsholongwane ye-Corona (I-COVID-19) kunye nomkhuhlane kwikhosi yokungqubana, oku kunokuba kokona kubi kakhulu, ngokwembono yezempilo yoluntu, esakhe sanako, uRobert Redfield, MD, umlawuli wamaZiko oLawulo lweZifo noKhuseleko (CDC) uthe kusasazwa ngokubanzi Udliwanondlebe lweWebMD .

Umkhuhlane ungaphezulu kokubanda kwi-steroids. Iza ngesiquphe kwaye inokuvelisa umkhuhlane, ukugodola, ukudinwa, intloko ebuhlungu, iintlungu zomzimba, ukugabha, kunye norhudo — ukongeza kwiimpawu ezisoloko zinxulunyaniswa nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, njengomqala obuhlungu, ukuthimla, ukukhohlela, kunye nempumlo. ICDC uqikelela ukuba phakathi kwe-39 ukuya kwi-56 yezigidi zabantu e-United States bosulelwe yintsholongwane yomkhuhlane phakathi kwe-Okthobha 1, 2019 kunye ne-Epreli 4, 2020, nge-24,000 ukuya kwi-62,000 eswelekayo.

Ukuthintela umkhuhlane kubaluleke ngakumbi kunanini na ngaphambili, enkosi kubhubhane we-coronavirus kunye nenkqubo yokhathalelo lwempilo esele inzima. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ugonyo isitshixo. Kodwa ukwazi ukuba intsholongwane yomkhuhlane idluliswa nini kwaye zibaluleke kangakanani ekugcineni wena kunye nosapho lwakho ungenamkhuhlane kule sizini.

Ngaba umkhuhlane uhamba ngomoya?

Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba umkhuhlane usasazeka ikakhulu ngamathontsi ikhululwe xa umntu osulelekileyo ethimla, ekhohlela okanye ethetha. La mathontsi ahlala emlonyeni okanye kwiimpumlo zabantu abakufutshane. Okanye, ngokungaqhelekanga, umntu unokuthinta indawo engcolileyo kunye nabo, uze uthinte ubuso bakhe.

Kodwa ngoku kukho ubungqina obubonisa ukuba ukuhanjiswa komkhuhlane nako kungabakhona emoyeni. Isifundo se-2018 esivela kwiDyunivesithi yaseMaryland saza sapapashwa kwiphephancwadi Iinkqubo zeZiko leSizwe lezeNzululwazi laseMelika laseMelika ifumanise ukuba intsholongwane yomkhuhlane inokuphalazwa ngamathontsi amancinci axhonywe emoyeni kwimiphefumlo ephefumlelweyo yabantu abosulelekileyo. Ziya kude kangakanani ezi aerosol zosulelayo kwaye zihlala ixesha elingakanani emoyeni azifundiswanga, kodwa iiprotokholi zokhuselo ezisemgangathweni ze-COVID-19 — emi iinyawo ezintandathu kude nabantu kwaye unxibe ubuso okanye imaski yotyando- inokuba yimilinganiselo elungileyo yosulelo ukuhlamba izandla.

Kwaye ngelixa usenokuba uve okuninzi malunga nokuthintela ukuvezwa kwethu kwintsholongwane kuwenza buthathaka amajoni omzimba, abanye abaqeqeshi bezempilo bathi ayisiyonto ekufuneka siyikhathalele okwethutyana, njengoko silwa nobhubhane we-COVID-19. Ndiyabona onke la manyathelo anciphisa ukuphendula komzimba, ngakumbi kwabancinci kakhulu, abakha i-repertoire yabo yeeseli zememori, utsho UHilary Smith, MD , ugqirha wabantwana onxulumene neBoston yeMpilo yaBantwana. Kodwa ndingathanda ukuthatha amathuba am ndibulale ezinye iintsholongwane ezilungileyo [kunye] ne-coronavirus.

Nokuba ngamathontsi okanye ziierosol, enye into ekufuneka uyiqwalasele xa kufikwa ekubambeni nayiphi na intsholongwane yinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Kutheni le nto umkhuhlane uhlala ubetha abantu abadala kakhulu kwaye abancinci kakhulu kunzima? Kubuza uGqirha Smith. Kungenxa yeesistim zabo [ezibuthathaka] zomzimba, ukuya kwinqanaba. Njengogqirha wabantwana, ndinokukhohlela kwaye ndithimliswe ngabantwana abanomkhuhlane ngalo lonke ixesha kwaye kule minyaka ili-14 bendiqhelisela, khange ndiwubambe umkhuhlane. Ngaba konke oko kungenxa yokuba ndibethwe ngumkhuhlane? Hayi. Uninzi lwayo luxhomekeke kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.

Liphi ixesha lomkhuhlane?

Ungawubamba umkhuhlane nangaliphi na ixesha lonyaka, kodwa iimeko zihlala zithathela phezulu ukuqala ngo-Okthobha, zijikeleza ngoFebruwari, emva koko ziyeke (nangona zinganyamalali) entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni.

Ezinxulumene: Ngaba ngumkhuhlane wehlobo okanye enye into?

Ugonyo sisixhobo esibalulekileyo ngokuchasene nokusasazeka komkhuhlane, kodwa into esebenzayo kunyaka ophelileyo ayinakusebenza kulo nyaka. Kungenxa yokuba intsholongwane yomkhuhlane ngokwayo inokutshintsha ukusuka kunyaka omnye uye kolandelayo.

Iintsholongwane zomkhuhlane ziphindaphinda kwiiseli zomntu nezilwanyana zisebenzisa inkqubo evumela ngokulula utshintsho kwinto yemfuza, uyacacisa URobert Hopkins Jr., MD , Unjingalwazi wamayeza angaphakathi kwiYunivesithi yase-Arkansas yezeMpilo kwiZonyango. Oku kukhokelela kutshintsho rhoqo kwiimpawu zentsholongwane kwaye, kuncinci rhoqo, utshintsho olukhulu olunokukhokelela kubhubhane. Kukho uphando olusebenzayo oluqhubekayo lokuphuhlisa isitofu sokugonya 'somkhuhlane' ukusikhusela ngokuhlasela iindawo ezithile zentsholongwane ezihlala zizinzile ngaphandle kwale mpazamo yemfuza. 'Isitofu sokugonya esiza kusisebenzisa kulo nyaka sineenguqu ezintathu ezinkulu ezivela kuhlobo ebesilusebenzise kunyaka ophelileyo. -Kuthelekisiwe, kodwa ndiyathemba ukuba izakusebenza kakuhle.

I-COVID-19 iyakuchaphazela njani ixesha lonyaka lomkhuhlane? Ngaba abantu abaninzi baya kude ekuhlaleni kwaye ukunxiba iimaski zobuso ukunceda ukuthothisa ukusasazeka komkhuhlane? Okanye ngaba abantu, bakulumkele ukwenza uhambo oluya kwiofisi kagqirha wabo apho izigulana ze-COVID-19 zinokuba khona, bayeke umkhuhlane? Lixesha kuphela eliza kuxela.

Ngelishwa, amava ethu nge-COVID abonakalisile ukuba uluntu lwethu, xa lulonke, alulunganga kwimisebenzi yokuzikhusela, utshilo uGqirha Hopkins. Ngelixa ndingathanda ukubona ukunyuka okubalulekileyo kukwamkelwa kokugonyelwa umkhuhlane kulo nyaka-kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ndiza kuyinyanzela loo nto-ndiyathemba ukuba obu bubusika obunzima kunye nokudibana kwe-COVID kunye nomkhuhlane kunye ne-RSV [intsholongwane yokuphefumla evumelanayo, eqhelekileyo isifo esosulelayo sokuphefumla esihlala sibonwa kubantwana abancinci], esikwabangela nesifo sokuphefumla ebusika.

Umkhuhlane uyosulela ixesha elingakanani?

NgokweCDC, umntu osulelekileyo angaqala isasaza umkhuhlane intsholongwane kusuku olunye phambi kokuvela kweempawu ukuya kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe emva koko. Ngokubanzi, nangona kunjalo, umntu osulelekileyo wosulela kakhulu kwiintsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezine emva kokuba iimpawu zabo ziqale. Abantwana kunye nabantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka (umzekelo, abo banezifo ezithile zomzimba ezifana ne-rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, kunye nabantu kwi-chemotherapy) banokusasazeka ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezisixhenxe.

Uninzi lwabantu luyachacha kumkhuhlane kwaye alusosuleli emva kweveki. Ukuhlala ekhaya kude nabantu ngelixa uchacha kubalulekile ukumisa ukusasazeka komkhuhlane. Iingcali kwi Impilo ye-UC-Irvine yithi kufuneka uhlale ekhaya kude kube:

Awunawo umkhuhlane iiyure ezingama-24 (ngaphandle kokuthatha amayeza anciphisa umkhuhlane afana nawo Iasprini , acetaminophen ( UTylenol ), okanye ibuprofen ( Yimbi okanye iMotrin)
Awunakho ukugabha okanye urhudo okungenani iiyure ezingama-24
Ukukhwehlela nokuthimla kwakho kuncitshisiwe ubuncinci ngama-75%

Kwaye sukuzityhala. Nciphisa umkhuba kwindlela yesiqhelo ngokuthe ngcembe. Ukuba nje ukuphakama, ukuhlamba, nokunxiba kuyakudinisa, kuya kufuneka uhlale ekhaya kwaye uqhubeke uphumla. Iingcali cebisa ukuba ungabuyeli kwishedyuli yakho yesiqhelo ude ube nama-90% ubuncinci bamanqanaba akho esiqhelo amandla abuyile.

Ezinxulumene: Unyango lomkhuhlane kunye namayeza

Ungakuphepha njani ukusasaza umkhuhlane (kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela)

Ukufumana umkhuhlane kobu busika akunakuphepheka. Kukho izilumkiso zokhuseleko onokuthi (kwaye kufuneka) uzithathe.

1. Gonyo ngonyaka.

Iyeza lokugonya umkhuhlane liyafumaneka ezikhemesti nakwezempilo, njengeofisi kagqirha wakho okanye kwiklinikhi yezempilo yendawo.
Ukugonywa komkhuhlane kunconywa kubantu abaninzi ubudala Iinyanga ezi-6 nangaphezulu .
Ukugonywa kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu weengxaki ezivela kumkhuhlane, kubandakanya abantwana abancinci, abo bangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65, kunye nabo baneemeko ezithile zempilo ezinje ngesifuba okanye isifo seswekile.
Isitofu sokugonya asisoloko sihambelana ngokugqibeleleyo ngokuchasene nokutshintsha kwentsholongwane yomkhuhlane, kodwa ngokwe-CDC, ngesiqhelo kunciphisa umngcipheko womkhuhlane nge-40% -60% .
Elona xesha lilungileyo lokugonywa ngoSeptemba okanye ngo-Okthobha, ngaphambi kokuba ixesha lomkhuhlane likhabe liye kwiigiya eziphezulu. Kodwa ukugonywa ebusika kusenokuba luncedo.
Kwaye masimise irekhodi ngqo: Ugonyo lomkhuhlane alunakukunika umkhuhlane, nangona ungaphuhlisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinje ngomkhuhlane kunye neentlungu zemisipha.

2. Gcina amanyathelo akho okhuselo e-COVID-19. La manyathelo aluncedo ngakumbi ukuba unakekela umntu onomkhuhlane.

Nxiba imaski yobuso.
Hlala iinyawo ezintandathu ngaphandle kwabantu. Uphando ipapashwe kwi Ijenali yezifo ezosulelayo ifumanise ukuba i-89% yentsholongwane yomkhuhlane yafunyanwa kumasuntswana amancinci ajikeleza ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyawo ezintandathu ukusuka entlokweni yomntu osulelekileyo. Ukusondela kwakho emntwini, kokukhona inyuka intsholongwane.
Hlamba izandla zakho (imizuzwana engama-20) rhoqo okanye usebenzise isicoci sezandla ubuncinci i-60% yotywala. Ukuba ukhathalela umntu ogulayo, kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuhlamba izandla zakho emva kokuphatha izicubu zomntu ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nokuhlamba iimpahla ezimdaka kunye nezitya / iikomityi.
Coca indawo ekuchukunyiswa qho (iibhokisi zeminyango, iibhodi yezitshixo, iikhawuntari / iidesika / iitafile) nezibulala ntsholongwane rhoqo Ngokwe-CDC, intsholongwane yomkhuhlane inakho phila kumphezulu ongafikelela kwiiyure ezingama-48 . Izinto eziqhelekileyo zokucoca amakhaya, ezinjengezinto zokucoca nokucoca ezinetywala okanye i-hydrogen peroxide izicoci ezisebenzayo , ithi iCDC.