Ulawulo lwamayeza kwizigulana ezinomhlaza kunye nabagcini

Imfundo yezeMpilo

Kwizigulana ezinomhlaza, amayeza yinto ebalulekileyo ekubuyiseni. Umxube othile wesigulana wamayeza uyakwenziwa ngokubonisana neqela lokhathalelo. Loo mayeza aya kusebenza kakuhle xa enikwa iidosi ezifanelekileyo kunye namaxesha.

Esi sikhokelo siza kunceda abaguli abanomhlaza kunye nabanonopheli ukulawula ngempumelelo ukugcinwa, idosi, kunye neemeko ezizodwa ezinxulumene nonyango lomhlaza.

Zithini ii-5 R's kukhuseleko lwamayeza?

Abanonopheli abalandela amaLungelo ama-5 oLawulo lweMithi baya kuba ngawona asebenzayo ekugcineni abaguli abanomhlaza bekhuselekile kwaye besempilweni. La ngamanyathelo afanayo alandelwa ziingcali zononophelo kwiklinikhi yakho okanye esibhedlele.

1. Iyeza elifanelekileyo
2. Idosi elungileyo
3. Ixesha elililo
4. Indlela eyiyo
5. Umntu olungileyo

Iyeza elifanelekileyo

Njengoko ulungele ukuhambisa iyeza, qala uqiniseke ukuba usebenzisa elichanekileyo. Jonga ibhotile yeepilisi, emva koko ufunde igama lesiyobisi ngokuvakalayo.

Idosi elungileyo

Unobangela oqhelekileyo weziganeko ezichaseneyo zeziyobisi kukunika idosi engalunganga. Le mpazamo ihlala isenzeka xa abanonopheli bengafundi okanye bengalilinganisi ngokufanelekileyo inani elifanelekileyo.

Ixesha elililo

Isicwangciso samayeza siyakuphumelela kuphela ukuba amayeza afanelekileyo anikwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo . Esona sisombululo sishedyuli ebhaliweyo yamayeza.

Indlela eyiyo

Amayeza omhlaza anokuqhutywa njengeepilisi, ulwelo, unyango lwezihloko ezihlikihliweyo kulusu, kunye nonyango olunokutofa. Unyango olunokufakwa ngenaliti lubandakanya ukufakwa ngaphakathi okanye ngenaliti (IV) ngenaliti ngethambo, inaliti ye-intramuscular (IM) kwisihlunu, kunye neenaliti zangaphantsi kwesikhumba (SQ) phantsi kolusu. Landela umkhombandlela onikwe amayeza, kwaye ucele uncedo ukuba uziva ufuna ukuyidinga.

Umntu olungileyo

Iibhotile zepilisi zinokubonakala zifana kakhulu. Njengenyathelo lokugqibela ngaphambi kokwenza amayeza, jonga kwakhona amayeza owabambayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba uwunika isigulana esifanelekileyo.

Iingcebiso ngokubanzi zolawulo olusebenzayo lonyango lomhlaza

Izicwangciso ezibini ezibalulekileyo ziya kukunceda unike amayeza ngokukhuselekileyo kuyo yonke inkqubo yonyango: ukugcina uluhlu lwamayeza kunye nokugcina amayeza ngokufanelekileyo. Ukugcinwa kwamayeza nokuphathwa kubaluleke kakhulu kuba ezinye iindlela zonyango zinokuba yingozi.

Uluhlu lwamayeza

Uluhlu lwamayeza luxwebhu olubalulekileyo ekuya kuthi kuboniswane ngalo nezigulana, abanonopheli, oosokhemesti kunye nogqirha wakho. Qinisekisa ukuba ungeze naziphi na izongezo okanye amayeza angaphezulu kwekhawunta kuluhlu ukongeza kumayeza amiselweyo.

Uluhlu lonyango kufuneka lubandakanye igama lonyango, idosi okanye indlela amayeza athatyathwa ngayo, xa unyango lwaqala ngamayeza, kunye nazo naziphi na iinkxalabo onazo njengeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Ukugcinwa okukhuselekileyo kunye nombutho

Amayeza omhlaza anamandla kwaye ayingozi kakhulu ukuba athathwe ngumntu ongalunganga okanye aphethwe ngendlela engafanelekanga.

Ukuba unaye nabani na ekhaya onokuthi abangene ngengozi (njengomntwana okanye isilwanyana sasekhaya), qiniseka ukuba ugcina iipilisi kwindawo ephezulu abangenakufikelela kuyo. Unokufuna nokutyala imali kwibhokisi yokutshixa yeepilisi. Ungaze ugcine amayeza omhlaza kwigumbi lokuhlambela-ukufuma kunokunciphisa ukusebenza kwawo.

Ngokufanelekileyo, kuphela ngumntu othatha amayeza oya kuyichukumisa. Ukuba umnakekeli ufuna ukuphatha amayeza, kufuneka enjenjalo ngelixa enxibe iigloves.

Amayeza ayingozi ekhaya

Ukuba ngaba naliphi na iyeza elithathwa ekhaya liyingozi, njengeziyobisi ze-chemotherapy ezinjenge-doxorubicin okanye i-vincristine, abanonopheli kuya kufuneka bathathe amanyathelo okhuseleko ongezelelweyo.

Abanonopheli kufuneka banikwe izixhobo ezizodwa ezinemiyalelo kunye nezinto zokucoca ukuchitheka, kunye nezikhongozeli ezikhethekileyo zokulahla amayeza ayingozi.

La mayeza anokubakho ngezixa ezinobungozi kulwelo lomzimba, olufana nomchamo, igazi, amathe, njalo-njalo. amalaphu angcolileyo emanzini ashushu ngokwahlukileyo kwezinye iimpahla.

Isigulana kufuneka sinakekele ngokukodwa xa sisebenzisa indlu yangasese. Kangangeeyure ezingama-48 emva kokwenza inaliti okanye unyango lwe-IV, isiguli kufuneka sigungxule indlu yangasese kabini emva kokusetyenziswa, sihlambe izandla zethu kakuhle, kwaye sicoca nawaphi na amalungu omzimba anomchamo okanye ilindle kuwo. Amanzi endlu yangasese asenokuqulatha isixa semichiza esiyingozi, ke abantwana kunye nezilwanyana ezifuywayo kufuneka zigcinwe kude kwigumbi lokuhlambela.

Iziyobisi ezinamandla zomhlaza, njengalo naluphi na unyango, kufuneka ithathwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuze iphumelele . Ukulahleka kwamaxesha okulinganisa okucwangcisiweyo ngokupheleleyo okanye ukuthatha iipilisi ngexesha elingalunganga kunokuba yingozi.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulawula zonke iipilisi ngexesha elifanelekileyo, setha izikhumbuzi zezikhumbuzo kwiwotshi yealam okanye isibali xesha. Ukuba une-smartphone, cinga ukusebenzisa i- usetyenziso olwenzelwe ulawulo lwamayeza .

Ikwangumbono olungileyo ukubhala isicwangciso samayeza semihla ngemihla ephepheni. Uluhlu lwezinto ezibonakalayo lunokukhutshelwa ngokulula kwaye kwabelwane ngalo nabanye abanonopheli kunye nabancedisi bezempilo, kwaye awunakukhathazeka malunga nokuhambelana kwefowuni okanye ukucinywa kwedatha okwenza ukuba isicwangciso samayeza singafikeleleki.

Ukuba nerekhodi yamayeza emihla ngemihla kukwaluncedo kakhulu ekuqeshweni kokulandelwa kunye neqela lonyango lesigulana. Ezi ndawo zokuqeshwa lelona xesha lilungileyo lokuxoxa ngohlengahlengiso kumaxesha amayeza anokunceda ukunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Unokuxoxa ngokuhambisa ixesha lonyango lonyango kufutshane nexesha lokutya, umzekelo, okanye ukude ngexesha lokulala. Le yimizekelo nje. Ungaze wenze naluphi na utshintsho kwisicwangciso samayeza ngaphandle kokuxoxa kuqala kunye neqela elabelweyo.

Ukuqonda ileyibhile yebhotile yommiselo

Ngokwesiqhelo, ilebheli yommiselo ineenxalenye ezisibhozo kunye nohlobo lolwazi. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba iilebhile zakho zokuyalela zinokubonakala zahlukile, kodwa ngokubanzi ziya kuba nomxholo ofanayo odwelisiweyo ukuze ubhekise kuwo. Funda ukuziqonda ezi ndawo kumayeza akho.

• Ulwazi ngekhemesti: Iinkcukacha eziphambili malunga nekhemesti egcwalise amayeza akho
• Ulwazi lwakho: Iinkcukacha zonxibelelwano zesigulana
• Ukumisela ulwazi lukagqirha: Iinkcukacha zonxibelelwano zikagqirha okanye umboneleli wezempilo
• Igama leziyobisi kunye namandla: Igama lebhanti, imichiza, okanye igama elenziwe lafana nelo lixabiso lemilinganiselo yeyunithi yeyeza
• Imiyalelo malunga nokuthatha amayeza: Njani kwaye nini amayeza
• Ulwazi ngonyango: Ulwazi oluthile lokunceda ekucwangcisweni kokufumana kwakhona
• Ulwazi lomenzi wamayeza: Igama lenkampani evelise amayeza akho kunye nenkcazo ebonakalayo yeyeza
• Ingxelo yesilumkiso yaseburhulumenteni: Izilumkiso zommiselo ezigunyaziswe ngurhulumente wase-U.S

Uninzi lwamayeza amiselweyo luza nezikhokelo zamayeza ezivunyiweyo yi-Federal Drug Administration (FDA). Ezi zikhokelo zinolwazi malunga nemicimbi ethile yamachiza athile, kwaye zinokunceda izigulana ziphephe iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu.

Inaliti ekhaya okanye unyango ngenaliti

Xa kukhuselekile ukwenza njalo, unyango lwe-chemotherapy lunokunikwa ekhaya. Uncedo lwezempilo lwasekhaya luya kwenza inkqubo, okanye aqeqeshe umntu okhathalela abantwana ukuba enze njalo.

Ukuba umncedisi wezempilo wasekhaya uqhuba olu nyango ekhaya, baya kuba noxanduva lokufunda malunga nokukhathalela izixhobo ezizodwa, ezinjengeetyhubhu, imigca, amazibuko, kunye neecatheters ezisetyenziselwa unyango lomhlaza. Zininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Umntu othile kwiziko lokunyamekela umhlaza uya kuqeqesha umncedisi wezempilo wasekhaya okanye umkhathaleli malunga nezixhobo ezithile ngaphambi kokuba uqale naluphi na unyango ekhaya.

Kuphephe ukutshintsha iikhemesti okanye oogqirha

Unyango lomhlaza yinkqubo entsonkothileyo. Iqela lokhathalelo liya kuba nomlinganiso wezinto ezininzi ekuphuhliseni isicwangciso sakho sonyango, kubandakanya nembali yakho yonyango edlulileyo, i-allergies, inqanaba lomhlaza, kunye nabanye.

Ngenxa yokuba le nkqubo ibandakanyeke kakhulu, kungcono ukuba uhlale uhambelana nekhemisi oyisebenzisayo kunye noogqirha obabonayo. Oko kuthetha ukunamathela kwikhemesti enye kuwo onke amayeza akho, ukuba kunokwenzeka.

Unyango olusebenzayo kunye nonyango lokugcina

Imihlaza emininzi inyangwa ngeenjongo zokuyikhupha emzimbeni. Xa unyango lukweli nqanaba, ngamanye amaxesha lubizwa ngokuba lunyango olusebenzayo. Kwiimeko ezintle, isigulana sikhululekile ngokupheleleyo kumhlaza ekupheleni konyango.

Eminye imihlaza inomhlaza ongapheliyo. Azinakuphiliswa ngokupheleleyo; Zilawulwa kuphela ngokuqhubekeka ngamachiza ngokugcina umhlaza ungasasazeki okanye usiya usanda. Ezomhlaza zinokubandakanya umhlaza we-ovari, ezinye ii-leukemias, kunye nezinye i-lymphomas.

Nje ukuba unyango luzinciphise ngempumelelo iimpawu zomhlaza, isifo sithi siphumile. Xa umhlaza ungakhuli, kunokubizwa ngokuba kulawulwa okanye kuzinzile. Ukukhula komhlaza kuhlala kuchazwa njengakwinqanaba lokuqhubela phambili. Ukuba umhlaza onganyangekiyo uqala ukuqhubela phambili, kuya kufuneka uphinde uqalise ngonyango.

Unyango lwasekhaya, olunye unyango, okanye unyango lomhlaza olongezelelekileyo

Izibhedlele kunye nendawo zononophelo lomhlaza zithatha indlela esekwe kubungqina kunyango. Unyango lomhlaza olucetyiswe ngugqirha wakho lubonakalisile lusebenza kuvavanyo lweklinikhi kwizigulana ezinomhlaza.

Kukho ezinye iindlela zonyango ezingangqinelwanga ukuba ziyawususa umhlaza, kodwa zinokuphelisa iimpawu zesi sifo. Ukucamngca kunokunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo. Iti inokunceda ukugaya okanye ukunciphisa isicaphucaphu. Ukuphulula okanye ukwenza i-acupuncture kunokuthomalalisa iintlungu. Uninzi lweengcali zonyango lomhlaza zikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezi zonyango xa zisetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo nonyango olusekwe kubungqina.

Imiphumela

Inkqubo ye- iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango lomhlaza inokuchaphazela ukubanakho kwesigulana ukunamathela kwisicwangciso sabo sonyango. Umzekelo, ukudideka okanye i-delirium sisiphumo esibi esayanyaniswa nokunyanga komhlaza kunye neziyobisi zokuphelisa iintlungu. Ukungaphumeleli kwengqondo okunzulu ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza-njengokulibala amagama okanye imihla, okanye uvakalelo ngokubanzi lokugcwala kwengqondo-ngamanye amaxesha kubizwa ngokuba yingqondo ye-chemo. Isigulana esingacingi kakuhle sinokufumana ixesha elinzima kuneliqhelekileyo lokukhumbula ukuthatha amayeza.

I-Chemotherapy inokuchaphazela umzimba uphela. Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zonyango lomhlaza zibandakanya ukudinwa ngokubanzi, ukulahleka kweenwele, ukuqhina, isifo sorhudo, kunye nezilonda zomlomo, phakathi kwabanye. Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ezinjengokubangela isicaphucaphu, ukungcamla kunye notshintsho lwevumba, kunye nobunzima bokuginya, kunokwenza ukuba amayeza angathandeki.

Xoxa ngeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye neqela lakho lokhathalelo. Ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinzima kangangokuba isigulana asisakwazi ukuthatha amayeza aso ngokukhuselekileyo, uhlengahlengiso kwidosi okanye uhlobo lonyango lunokwenziwa.

Xa unxibelelana ngokukhawuleza neqela lezonyango

Ngexesha lokunyanga umhlaza, isigulana sichitha uninzi lwexesha laso ekhaya. Imiba emininzi yonyango eyenzeka ekhaya inokusingathwa ngumgcini okanye sisigulana ngokwaso. Kodwa ukuba kukho enye yezi ziganeko eyenzekayo, fikelela kwiqela lakho lokhathalelo.

• Kufuneka uzalise amayeza akho
• Ulahlekelwa, uchithe, okanye ugabhe idosi
• Omnye umntu ngempazamo uthatha iyeza lesigulana somhlaza
• Nawuphi na ububomvu, ukufudumala, ukudumba, ukonakala, okanye iintlungu kwizibuko okanye kwindawo yenaliti
• Ifiva
• Isigulana asinakuthatha unyango okanye saliwe unyango
• Iimpawu zokungabikho komzimba kumayeza

Ukulahla ngokukhuselekileyo unyango olunxulumene nomhlaza

Ngawo nawaphi na amayeza, ukulahlwa ngokukhuselekileyo kubalulekile. Amayeza ziikhemikhali ezinamandla eziyingozi xa zingeniswe ngengozi, okanye ukuba zingena emhlabeni okanye emanzini aphantsi komhlaba.

Amayeza omhlaza ahlala eyingozi kakhulu. Iqela lakho lokhathalelo kufuneka likunike imiyalelo ethile yokulahla la mayeza ngokukhuselekileyo ukuba awasafuneki. Unokufumana izixhobo ezizodwa njengesikhongozeli se-biohazard. Akufanele uzame ukufumana indlela yokulahla iyeza lomhlaza. Ukuba awuzange unikwe imiyalelo ethile okanye ungakhumbuli ukuba yeyiphi le miyalelo, fowunela iqela lakho lokhathalelo kwaye ucele uncedo.

Umhlaza woyike, kodwa ulawulo lwamayeza akufuneki lube njalo

Unyango lomhlaza onomsindo lunokuba ngamava atshintsha ubomi. Iipilisi, iinaliti, kunye neetyhubhu ezifakwe ngaphakathi kungenza njengesiqhelo njengesiqhelo kubomi bakho njengeposi yemihla ngemihla. Kubanakekeli, uya kuthatha indima entsha njengomongikazi osisigxina. Kodwa uneqela labazinikeleyo, abagqirha abasisigxina emva kwakho. Baza kukunceda ufumane esona sicwangciso sonyango lwasekhaya esisekelezwe kubukho bakho kunye nezakhono. Zifundise ngokufunda izikhokelo ezinje ngale, kodwa ungathandabuzi ukucela uncedo. Unokwenza oku.