Ngaba inyumoniya iyosulela?

Imfundo yezeMpilo

I-pneumonia sisifo esichaphazela imiphunga. Ukuphefumla kuba nzima emntwini owosulelekileyo yinyumoniya kuba iisaka zomoya emiphungeni, ezikwabizwa ngokuba yi-alveoli, ziqala ukugcwalisa ulwelo. Iinyumoniya zisongela ubomi. Phantse abantu abangama-50 000 e-US babulawa sesi sifo minyaka le, ngokuka- Amaziko oLawulo noThintelo lwezifo (I-CDC). Naluphi na usulelo lokuphefumla lunokuba malunga, ngakumbi nesoyikiso esizayo se-coronavirus. Kodwa ngaba inyumoniya iyosulela? Funda ukuze ufunde ukuba ngubani osemngciphekweni wokufumana inyumoniya kunye nendlela yokuthintela ukusasazeka.

Ndazi njani ukuba ndinenyumoniya?

Iimpawu zenyumoniya zinokubakho kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-24 emva kosulelo okanye ziza kancinci. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zenyumoniya ngamanye amaxesha ziye zifane nokubanda okanye iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane kubandakanya ukukhwehlela, umkhuhlane kunye nengxaki yokuphefumla.

Isikhohlela ngokwayo inokuba manzi okanye ivelise, oko kuthetha ukuba ukhohlela i-mucus etyheli, eluhlaza, okanye emdaka emiphungeni. I-Hemoptysis (ukukhwehlela igazi, i-mucus enegazi, okanye i-phlegm) kunye ukukhohlela ebusuku Inokwenzeka kwakhona ngexesha lokuhlaselwa yinyumoniya.

Umkhuhlane ophezulu , ukuya kuthi ga kwiidigri ezili-105, inokuba sisenzo kumzimba olwa nosulelo olunxulunyaniswa nenyumoniya. Ukuba unefiva, unokufumana ingqele, ukubila, kunye nokushukuma.

Kunzima ukuphefumla unokuziva ngathi ukuphefumla okufutshane, okanye uziva ngathi awunakubamba umphefumlo wakho. Iintlungu zesifuba, kubandakanya iimvakalelo ezibukhali okanye ezihlabayo xa ukhohlela okanye uzama ukuphefumla nzulu, ziqhelekile yakube inyumoniya ikhula. Ngapha koko, i-cyanosis (ioksijini esezantsi egazini) inokubakho, ibangele ukuba imilebe yakho, iminwe yomnwe, okanye ulusu lujike luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kukuswela ioksijini.

Iimpawu ezongezelelweyo zenyumoniya zinokubandakanya ukuphulukana nokutya, urhudo, isicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha.

Ngaba inyumoniya iyosulela?

Kukho izizathu ezingaphezulu kwama-30 zenyumoniya. Umkhuhlane kunye nokuphefumla kwintsholongwane (RSV) zezona zinto zibangela inyumoniya eUnited States, ngokwe i-CDC . Iibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane ze-pneumonia ziyasasazeka. Nangona kunjalo, inyumoniya ebangelwa kukungenisa izihlunu zekhemikhali, isikhunta, okanye inyumoniya yokuphefumla (ukusezela ukutya okanye ulwelo) ayosuleli.

Iintlobo ezosulelayo zenyumoniya zisasazeka zisuka emntwini ziye emntwini ngamasuntswana omoya. Ukukhohlela nokuthimla emoyeni kungamngcolisa ngqo omnye umntu. Iyafana nokusasazeka kwe Ingqele eqhelekileyo, umkhuhlane, kunye ne-COVID-19 , amasuntswana omoya angena emhlabeni aze achaphazele umntu ngokungathanga ngqo. Ukuhamba inyumoniya yenye indlela yokuchaza inyumoniya enokuziva ngathi ibanda esifubeni. Ukuba wosulelekile, nokuba awunampilo, usenokusasaza iintsholongwane okanye ibhaktiriya enokubangela inyumoniya.

I-pneumonia yentsholongwane

Ezinye iintsholongwane ziyosulela kunezinye. I-Mycobacterium kunye ne-mycoplasma ziyaziwa ngendlela elula ngayo. Izizathu zeStreptococcus pneumoniae iimeko ezininzi pneumonia yebhakteria. Esi sifo sokuphefumla siyosulela kwaye sinokuchaphazela abantu abadala kunye nabantu abanamajoni omzimba angalunganga.

Iibhaktiriya zingafumana indlela eya emiphungeni kwaye zibangele usulelo, ngakumbi kubantu abakuphefumla, abagula zizinye izifo, okanye abalaliswe esibhedlele. I-pneumonia efunyenwe esibhedlele yenzeka xa abantu esele begula befumana inyumoniya ngelixa befumana unyango esibhedlele.

Ezinxulumene: I-FDA ivuma iXenleta ukunyanga inyumoniya yentsholongwane

Inyumoniya yentsholongwane

I-pneumonia yentsholongwane nayo iyasasazeka. Umkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane ngoyena nobangela uqhelekileyo wenyumoniya kubantu abadala. Nangona kunjalo, intsholongwane yokuphefumla ye-syncytial virus (RSV), iintsholongwane ze-Corona (I-COVID-19 luhlobo nje olunye lweecoronaviruses ezininzi), kwaye ingqele eqhelekileyo inokubangela inyumoniya. Ukongeza ekuqokeleleni ulwelo emiphungeni, izicwili zemiphunga ziyavutha kwaye zicaphukiswe ziinyumoniya ezininzi.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni omkhulu wenyumoniya?

Amatyala enyumoniya anokuba buthathaka ngokuqatha aze asongele ubomi, kuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho yomzimba kunye nohlobo lwenyumoniya onayo. Nabani na-omncinci okanye omdala-unokufumana le meko yokuphefumla. La maqela alandelayo achaphazeleka kakhulu ekuphefumlweni yinyumoniya:

• Abantu abaneminyaka engama-65 ubudala nangaphezulu
• Izigulana ezinesifo sokuphefumla esele sikhona, njenge-COPD okanye i-asthma
• Abantu abaneengxaki zempilo, ezinjengesifo sentliziyo okanye i-HIV / AIDS
• Abo banamajoni omzimba abuthathaka, njengabaguli abafumana unyango lwe-chemotherapy, abachacha emva kotyando, abathatha iziyobisi, okanye abaphefumla umoya
• Abantu abanempilo enkenenkene ngokubanzi
• Abantu abatshayayo okanye abasela utywala kakhulu

Ingcali yezonyango inokuchonga inyumoniya kuvavanyo lomzimba okanye iX-ray yesifuba kunye ukumisela amayeza njengoko kufuneka.

Ngokubanzi, abantwana kunokwenzeka ukuba bafumane inyumoniya kunabantu abadala. Iinyumoniya ngoyena nobangela wokufa kwabantwana ehlabathini. Nangona amazinga okusweleka kwabantwana ngenxa yenyumoniya engaphantsi kakhulu eMelika ngenxa yokhathalelo lwempilo olukhoyo, inyumoniya sisizathu sokuqala sokuba abantwana balaliswe esibhedlele eUnited States. Abantwana abaneminyaka emi-5 nangaphantsi basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana inyumoniya kunabantwana abadala.

Isasazeka ixesha elide inyumoniya?

Ixesha eliqhelekileyo umntu osulelayo ukusuka kwinyumoniya limalunga neentsuku ezili-10. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimeko zenyumoniya (ngakumbi inyumoniya enxulunyaniswa nesifo sephepha) inokusasaza iiveki ezininzi, kuxhomekeke kwifom yenyumoniya kunye nohlobo lonyango olucetyiswayo.

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane anokunciphisa ngokubonakalayo ukosuleleka kwinyumoniya. Emva kokuqala kwee-antibiotics, umntu usasaza ezinye iiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kuma-48. Nje ukuba umkhuhlane onxulunyaniswa nokugula uphele, inyumoniya ayinakufane yosuleleke. Ukukhohlela kunokuqhubeka iiveki ezininzi ngenxa yokuqhaqhazela, nasemva konyango olusebenzayo.

Unyango lwasekhaya olufana nokusetyenziswa kobusi ukunciphisa ukukhwehlela kunye zinc ukonyusa amajoni omzimba, ngakumbi kwimeko yenyumoniya, kunokuba zizixhobo eziluncedo, ngokwe UKate Tulenko , MD, umseki kunye ne-CEO yezeMpilo zeCorvus.

Ukufumana unyango kunganciphisa ixesha lokugula kunye nomngcipheko wokusasazeka kwabanye abantu. Ukuba umkhuhlane wakho ubuya okanye ukuba iimpawu ezingapheliyo zihluleka ukuhamba, cela iingcebiso kumboneleli wezempilo.

Ungayikhusela njani inyumoniya

Ezinye iinyumoniya zinokuthintelwa. Ukugonywa Ziyafumaneka ukukhusela inyumoniya ebangelwa zintsholongwane ezithile kunye neebhaktiriya. Kwakhona, ukuphila ngendlela esempilweni ngokutya ukutya okunezondlo kunye nokuzilolonga rhoqo kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana inyumoniya. Ukuzivocavoca rhoqo kunokunyusa impilo yemiphunga kunye nokumelana nosulelo.

Indlela yokuphila esempilweni ikwaquka ukungatshayi nokusela utywala kakhulu ukunceda amajoni omzimba asempilweni. Ukufumana ukuphumla okuninzi kunye namanzi okusela yenye indlela yokunceda ukuthintela izifo ezifana nenyumoniya.

Ukuziqhelanisa nokuhlamba izandla kunokunciphisa ukubekeka kwakho kwiintsholongwane ezinokubangela inyumoniya, ngakumbi ngexesha lokubanda kunye nomkhuhlane. Ukuba ukhohlela okanye uthimla, yenza konke okusemandleni akho ukwenza oko kwisicwili esilahlayo okanye engqinibeni yomkhono wakho, kulandele ukuhlamba izandla. Qiniseka ukuba ubulala iintsholongwane kwiindawo ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ezinje ngeemfonomfono, imiphezulu yeetafile kunye neebhokisi zeminyango ukunqanda ukusasazeka kweentsholongwane ezinokubangela inyumoniya.

Okokugqibela, ukuba abantu ekuhlaleni bayagula, yenza konke okusemandleni akho ukuziqhelanisa ukubekelwa bucala kuluntu xa kunokwenzeka. Ukunciphisa ukubonakala kwakho kwiibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane ngelixa uphila ubomi obusempilweni kunye nobuchule bunokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni impilo.