Uvavanywa nini umntwana wakho

Imfundo yezeMpilo

Kwilizwe liphela, inqanaba lokuzivavanya kwizigulo eziqhelekileyo phakathi kwabantwana besikolo lisondela kwi-40% ukuya kwi-50%, ngokuka Umbutho weHlabathi wezoLwelwe (WAO). E-United States, i-6.5% yabantwana banesidlo sokutya, i-7.7% yabantwana bane-hay fever, kunye ne-13.5% yabantwana bane-allergies yesikhumba, ngokwe Idatha yoPhononongo lwezeMpilo kuZwelonke . Eyona nto iphambili: I-Allergies yingxaki eqhelekileyo kumakhaya anabantwana abancinci.

Xa i-allergies inzima, inokuba neziphumo zempilo eyoyikisayo. Abantwana banokuphulukana nokulala okanye baphoswe sisikolo emva kokukhwehlela ubusuku bonke. Okanye, kwiimeko ezinzima, kufuneka ube nempendulo eyingozi kwisinambuzane okanye ukuvezwa kokutya. Ngokukodwa kunye ne-allergies yokutya, kubalulekile ukufumana umthombo weempawu ngokukhawuleza ngokukhuselekileyo komntwana wakho. Ukutya sesinye sezona zinto zixhaphakileyo ze-anaphylaxis, ukukhula okukhawulezayo kunye nokusongela ubomi, kodwa kubantwana, kubalwa ukuya kuthi ga kuma-81% yamatyala, utshilo uLakiea Wright, MD, umlawuli wezonyango kwimicimbi yezonyango yase-US e Isayensi yeThermo Fisher .

Ukuba umntwana wakho ethimla ulingana namaxesha athile onyaka, okanye uvelisa isifuba emva kokutya amashwamshwam athile-angalawulwa lunyango lwamayeza athile- lingalixesha lokucinga ukuvavanywa komzimba nokwaliwa .

Ngokukhawuleza ukuchonga oko kubangela iimpawu, ngokukhawuleza unokunyanga iimpawu ukuze umntwana wakho abuyele ebomini obuqhelekileyo.

Yintoni uvavanyo lokungabikho komzimba?

Ukuvavanywa kokutya komzimba yinkqubo yovavanyo lolusu, uvavanyo lwegazi, okanye ukupheliswa kovavanyo lokutya oluzama ukuphawula ubuntununtunu kwizigulo eziqhelekileyo ezinje:

• Umungu wezityalo
• Umngundo
• Ukudada kwezilwanyana
• Ukulunywa zizinambuzane
• Ukutya (umzekelo, amandongomane, amaqanda, ubisi, ishellfish, okanye ingqolowa)
• Amayeza

Olu vavanyo lunokunceda ekuchongeni isifo se-aleji kunye nokunye, utshilo uGqirha Wright. Umzekelo, kukwakho nokuvavanywa okufumanekayo kokuthintela ukwanda kwendalo okusingqongileyo kubandakanya uthuli, ukungunda, ukudada kwezilwanyana kunye ne pollens. Uhlobo lovavanyo luyahluka, kuxhomekeka ukuba umntwana wakho uneengxaki zokungqongileyo okanye ukutya.

Abazali kufuneka baqwalasele nini ukuvavanya abantwana bakho?

Oogqirha banokucebisa ukuvavanywa kokungabikho komzimba ukuba umntwana wakho unemeko yokuphefumla njenge-asthma ukufumana ukuba yintoni ebangela iimpawu. Nawuphi na umntwana onenkxalabo malunga nokwaliwa okusingqongileyo kufuneka avavanywe nokwaliwa, utshilo UGary Soffer, MD , Unjingalwazi oncedisayo wezifo zeklinikhi Isikolo samayeza iYale . Oku kunceda ukukhokela izindululo zethu zokuthintela okubangela, kunye nokubakho kwe-immunotherapy kwixa elizayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo Iimpawu komzimba okanye ukungaphenduli komzimba kubantwana kubandakanya:

• I-Rhinitis (ukuthimla, ukuxinana, ukuphuma kwempumlo, okanye ukuthoba impumlo)
• Khohlela
• Ukukhawuleza
• Irhashalala
• Imihlathi
• Ukurhawuzelela amehlo okanye ulusu
• Iingxaki zokugaya (iincampu, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, okanye urhudo)

Abantwana abanokungavisisani nendawo esingqongileyo, bahlala bekhona ukuxinana ngeempumlo, ukurhawuzelela amehlo, kunye nokuthimla, utshilo uGqirha Soffer. Olona phawu luchaphazelekayo, kum, kukurhona nokuphefumla ngomlomo kuba oko kuthetha ukuba umntwana ulala kakubi ebusuku.

Ukuvavanywa komzimba nokwaliwa kwabantwana kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ngaba iimpawu zomntwana wakho zinxulumene nokwaliwa okanye zibangelwa yenye into.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukrokrela kuphela ukuba umntwana wakho unokuba novakalelo lokutya, ukuvavanya akusoloko kunengqiqo. Ukuvavanyelwa i-allergies yokutya akufuneki kwenziwe ngaphandle kwembali ecacileyo yonyango lwezonyango, ucacisa uGqirha Soffer. Iiphaneli zokutya, ngelishwa, ezithunyelwa ngokubanzi zihlala zinamazinga aphezulu kakhulu obuxoki kwaye zihlala zikhokelela kuthintelo olungeyomfuneko lokutya. Kubalulekile ukuba uxoxe ngeziphumo zakho kunye ne-allergist eqinisekisiweyo yebhodi enezixhobo zokwenza imiceli mngeni yokutya ngomlomo.

Ngubani onokuvavanya umntwana kwi-allergies?

Ukuba ugqirha wakho wezilwanyana ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho unokuba ne-allergies, uya kuthi akubhekise kuye ukuze abone i-allergist okanye i-immunologist egxile kukungaziphathi kakuhle kunye novavanyo lokungabikho komzimba.

Umdala kangakanani umntwana wakho ukuze afumane uvavanyo lokungabikho komzimba?

Abazali abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba abantwana kufuneka bafike kubudala obuthile ngaphambi kokuba i-aleji ikhule. Ngokwenyani, abantwana bayo nayiphi na iminyaka banokuba nayo kwaye bavavanyelwe i-allergies ngokwe Ikholeji yaseMelika yoNyango, i-Asthma, kunye ne-Immunology (ACAAI).

Uvavanyo lwegazi olulula lunokwenziwa nangaliphi na ubudala (ukusuka kwiintsana ukuya kubantu abadala), uGqirha Wright uyavuma. Xa umntwana ene-allergies, inokuvela okokuqala ngqa nangaliphi na ubudala. Abanye abantwana bayayeka ukusabela kwizigulo ezithile, ezinje ngobisi kunye neqanda, njengoko bekhula, kodwa ukwaliwa kukutya okufana namandongomane kuhlala kuhlala kunjalo.

Bavavanya njani abantwana kwizigulo?

Zintathu iintlobo eziphambili ze ukuvavanywa komzimba nokwaliwa :

• Uvavanyo lolusu
• Uvavanyo lwegazi
• Ukuphelisa iimvavanyo zokutya

Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lokurhanelwa olukrokrelwayo, i-allergist iya kukhetha olona vavanyo lufanelekileyo lokungabikho komzimba okanye indibaniselwano yeemvavanyo. Ukuxilongwa kokungabikho kokutya kunzima, utshilo uGqirha Wright. Ukongeza ekufumaneni imbali eneenkcukacha zeklinikhi kwisigulana, uninzi lwezinto ezaliwa ngabantu ziya kusebenzisa indibaniselwano yegazi kunye nokuvavanywa kolusu ukuqinisekisa isifo. Nantsi into onokuyilindela kuvavanyo lomzimba womntwana wakho.

Uvavanyo lwesikhumba somzimba

Ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zovavanyo lolusu ebantwaneni kukuvavanya okanye ukuqala, uvavanyo lwe-intradermal, kunye novavanyo lwepatch. Ukuvavanywa kolusu kuhlala kuyeyona nto ifikelelekayo kwaye inexabiso eliphambili lokuqikelela ukwaliwa komzimba, utshilo uGqirha Soffer. Kuvavanyo lwesikhumba, i-allergist iya kucofa inani elincinci le-allergen kumphezulu wolusu lomntwana wakho ngenaliti. Kuvavanyo lwe-intradermal, i-allergist itofa inani elincinci kakhulu le-allergen kuluhlu oluphezulu lolusu lomntwana wakho. Kuvavanyo lwepatch, i-allergen isetyenziselwa ukunamathela, ezinxitywe engalweni iiyure ezingama-48. Ukuba umntwana wakho uyaliwa, ibump ebomvu, ebonakala ngathi iluma ingcongconi- iya kuvela.

Ngokwesiqhelo umntwana wakho uya kuba nokuphendula kuvavanyo lwe-prick okanye uvavanyo lwe-intradermal ngaphakathi kwemizuzu engama-20 okanye ngaphantsi, nangona ngamanye amaxesha ubomvu bunokubonakala kwiiyure ezininzi okanye ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-48 emva kovavanyo lokungabikho komzimba. I-allergist iya kujonga impendulo kuvavanyo lwepatch ngamaxesha amiselweyo emva kokuba isiziba sisusiwe. Kubantwana abanesifo esibi kakhulu, iimvavanyo zesikhumba ngamanye amaxesha zinokubangela i-anaphylaxis.

Uvavanyo lwegazi lokuxabana negazi

Zininzi iintlobo zovavanyo lwegazi, kuxhomekeka kwisifo esikrokrelayo. Ukuvavanywa kwegazi kuhlala kufanelekile ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi kwaye yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuvavanya ulusu, uGqirha Soffer ucacisa.

Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokunceda ekuchongeni iiproteni ezithile ze-allergenic ezibangela ukuphendulwa kokutya-olu hlobo lokuvavanya lubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwecandelo le-allergen, utshilo uGqirha Wright. Umzekelo, ukuba umntwana wakho unobisi lobisi, umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokusebenzisa imbali yeklinikhi yomntwana wakho kunye neziphumo zovavanyo lwezinto ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba umntwana wakho ufuna ukuthintela ubisi kuzo zonke iifom okanye ukuba umntwana wakho angakwazi ukukunyamezela ukubhaka iimveliso zobisi ezinjengekuki, iikeyiki, okanye iimuffins.

Umntwana wakho uya kutsalwa igazi, kwaye afumane iziphumo zovavanyo lokungabikho komzimba emva kwelebhu ezithi zizenze-ngesiqhelo kusuku olunye ukuya kwezimbini. I-allergenist yakho inokucebisa iimvavanyo zegazi ukuba umntwana wakho unomdla kakhulu kwi-allergener kuba akukho mngcipheko wempendulo engalunganga.

Ukuphelisa iimvavanyo zokutya

Xa kukrokrelwa i-aleji yokutya, i-allergists inokucebisa ngokutya okuthintelweyo okuphelisa ukutya okuthile okunokubangela ukuphendula gwenxa.

Ezona zinto zixhaphakileyo ekutyeni ukutya lubisi, iqanda, ipeanut, amandongomane omthi, ingqolowa, isoya, intlanzi kunye neentlanzi, ngokwe UKWENZA . I-Allergists inokucebisa ngokutya okususayo kangange veki okanye nangaphezulu, kwaye iya kulawula iimpendulo njengoko ukutya kususwa. Ukuba ukutya okondlayo kunzima kakhulu ukulandela, okanye i-allergist ikrokrela ukuba umntwana wakho uphelile ukutya kokutya, unokuzama umceli mngeni wokutya-anike inani elincinci lokutya okurhanelwayo kwindawo elawulwayo yokulinganisa ukusabela.

Nje ukuba sazi ukuba isigulana siyaliwa yintoni kwinjongo yokuqala yolawulo kukuphepha izinto ezibangela iimpawu, uGqirha Soffer ucacisa. Sisebenza neentsapho ngeendlela zokulawula imeko yabantwana babo. Ukuba oku akusebenzi, amayeza okanye ii-allergy shots zihlala zifuneka.

Kuyothusa xa ukrokrela ukuba umntwana wakho unokubakho komzimba, kodwa kwakamsinya ukuba uchonge eyona nto ibangela iimpawu, ngokukhawuleza unokumisela isicwangciso sonyango sokuzisusa – kwaye ubuyele kubomi obuqhelekileyo.

Ixabisa malini uvavanyo lokungabikho komzimba?

Iindleko zovavanyo lokungabikho komzimba zinokuvela kwi-60 yeedola ukuya kumawaka eedola, ke kubalulekile ukuba usebenze nogqirha wakho ukhethe iimvavanyo ezifanelekileyo zomntwana wakho. Uvavanyo lolusu luqala kwi- $ 60 ukuya kwi- $ 300. Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokubiza ukusuka kwi- $ 200 ukuya kwi- $ 1,000, ngokwe Isiseko seABIM . Kuxhomekeka kwisembozo sakho, i-inshurensi yezempilo inokuthi okanye ingangazibandakanyi ezi mvavanyo.

Amakhadi ezaphulelo kwi-Pharmacy, njenge-SingleCare, anokunceda ukunciphisa amaxabiso ezonyango, ezifana neZyrtec (cetirizine), Allegra (fexofenadine), Claritin (loratadine), okanye iBenadryl (diphenhydramine).