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Izibalo ze-Autism 2021

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Abantwana abakufumanisa kunzima ukubamba incoko, ukudibana nabo ngamehlo, okanye ukuvelana nabanye banokulingana kwindawo ethile kwi-autism spectrum. Banokuba nokuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo okanye iintshukumo eziphindaphindayo. Nangona banokubanjiswa zizinto ezimbalwa, banokuba semva kulwimi lwabo okanye kwizakhono zokufunda. Isifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) sichaphazela abantwana aba-1 kwabangama-54 eUnited States, kwaye iimpawu zibonakala zahluke kancinane emntwini. Akukho lunyango lwe-autism, kwaye yimeko yobomi bonke, kodwa ukuxilongwa kwangoko Unokuphucula umgangatho wobomi babantu abane-autism kunye nemisebenzi yabo kunye nolwalamano.

Yintoni iAuthism?

Autism ngu Ingxaki yophuhliso echaphazela unxibelelwano kunye nokuziphatha. Kukholelwa ukuba kubangelwa okusingqongileyo kunye nemfuza . Abo bane-autism bafumana ukusebenzisana kwezentlalo kunzima kunye nokuziphatha okuphindaphindayo kunye nomdla ojolise kuwo. I-Autism ikwanokuphazamiseka kwembonakalo, oko kuthetha ukuba ubungqongqo kunye noluhlu lweempawu zahlukile kumntu nomntu.

Apha ngezantsi kukho izikhombisi ezimbalwa ze-autism, ngokwe-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Dis-V.

Akukho kubhabhaza okanye ukwalatha ngeminyaka eli-1
Akukho magama mabini aneminyaka eli-16 ubudala okanye amabinzana amagama amabini ngobudala 2
Ukungakwazi ukwenza abahlobo kunye noontanga
Ukukhubazeka amandla okuqalisa okanye ukugcina incoko nabanye
Ukuphindaphindwa okanye ukusetyenziswa kolwimi ngokungaqhelekanga
Inzala engaqhelekanga okanye egxile ngokungaqhelekanga
Ukuzixakekisa ngezinto ezithile okanye izifundo
Ukubambelela okungaguqukiyo kwiinkqubo ezithile okanye kumasiko

I-ASD inokucingwa njengento enefuthe kulwimi nakwithiyori yengqondo, utsho UMerriam Saunders , LMFT, ugqirha weengqondo osebenza eCalifornia. Kwabanye, iimpembelelo zolwimi zithetha ukuba abangahlaliyo okanye banolwimi olunomda. Ezi ke zezona meko [ziqatha]. Ithiyori yengqondo lixesha elihle lokuba umntu aqonde ukuba into esentlokweni yam ayinyani entlokweni yakho, nayo. Ngamanye amaxesha kungenxa yolu bunzima bokuba abantu abane-ASD babe nengxaki yokuqonda [umntu] angafuni ukuthetha okanye ukuva ixesha elide malunga neyona nto ayithandayo.

I-Saunders ikwachaza ukuba ezinye iimpawu, ezinje ngemicimbi yeemvakalelo (ubunzima bezandi, incasa, ukubamba, ukukhanya), zinokubakho ukusuka kubunzima ukuya kubumnene.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-autism?

Umntu omnye kwabali-160 kwihlabathi liphela une-autism spectrum disorder. ( Uphando lweAustism (2012)
Phantse 1 kubantwana abangama-54 base-US abane-autism diagnostic. (Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo, 2020)
I-Autism yayixhaphakile phantse kwiipesenti ezi-2 zabantwana abaneminyaka esi-8 ngo-2016. (Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo, 2020)
I-Autism yayiphindaphindwe kane ngakumbi phakathi kwamakhwenkwe kunamantombazana ngo-2016 e-U.S. (Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo, 2020)

Ubalo lwe-Autism ngokobudala

Namhlanje, ukuxilongwa kwe-autism kuhlala kwenzeka kubuntwana, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba amazinga e-autism ebantwaneni aphezulu kunalawo abantu abadala. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba inkcazo yesifo esibonisa ukuba une-autism inamandla kakhulu savela , ulutsha oluninzi kunye nabantu abadala banokuhlala ne-ASD engafumanekiyo.

Kubo bantwana abane-autism, iipesenti ezingama-44 zavavanywa ndineminyaka emi-3 (Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo, 2020)
Abantwana abanesifo se-autism abaneklinikhi baneminyaka ephakathi yokufumana isifo kwiminyaka emi-4 kunye neenyanga ezintathu. (Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo, 2020)
Ukuqikelelwa kwangaphambili kwe-autism kubantu abadala abazalwe phakathi kwe-1980 kunye ne-2012 kuqikelelwe ukuba kudlule kwi-2.8% ngenxa yeendlela zokuqonda isifo. Oko malunga ne-3 kubo bonke abantu abadala be-100 e-U.S kwixa elizayo banokuphatha uxilongo ngokusekwe kule nqobo intsha. (Iingqondo ezivulekileyo, 2018)

Ubalo lwe-Autism ngohlanga nobuhlanga

Amaqela amancinci afunyaniswa ene-autism kamva kwaye kunqabile.

Ukuchongwa kwesifo esibonisa ukungaboni kakuhle kuphezulu kakhulu kubantwana abamhlophe abanga-Hispanic (18.5 nge-1,000).
Izibalo ze-Autism zezona ziphantsi phakathi kwabantwana baseSpanishi (15.4 nge-1,000).
Amanqanaba okuxhaphaka kwe-Autism kubantwana abaneminyaka esibhozo anyuke nge-10% phakathi kuka-2014 no-2016, kwaye bonyuke nge-175% phakathi kuka-2000 no-2016.

(Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo, 2020)

Ukusebenza kwengqondo phakathi kwabantwana abane-autism

Isifo sengqondo asikokukhubazeka kokufunda, kodwa sinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwengqondo. Abanye abantwana abakwi-autism spectrum banolibaziseko ekuthetheni okanye ekufundeni, ngelixa abanye bengenalo. Ngenxa yokuba sisiphazamiso esibonakalayo, oku kulibaziseka kunokusukela kubumnene ukuya kubunzima.

Isinye kwisithathu sabantwana abane-autism bahlelwa njengabakhubazeke ngengqondo (IQ elingana okanye engaphantsi kwama-70).
I-7% ngaphezulu kwamantombazana kunamakhwenkwe bachongwa ukuba banokhubazeko lwengqondo nge-autism (39% xa ithelekiswa ne-32%).
I-24% yabantwana abane-autism babene-IQ kuluhlu lwemida (IQ 71-85).
AbaNtsundu (47%) kunye nabantwana baseSpain (36%) babenethuba elingaphezulu kwabantwana abamhlophe (27%) lokukhubazeka ngokwengqondo kunye ne-autism.

(Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo, 2020)

Autism kunye neemeko ezenzeka ngokubambisana

Akukho lunyango okanye iyeza lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwi-autism. Unyango ngokuziphatha lolona nyango lusebenzayo lwe-autism. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabantwana (iipesenti ezingama-95) abantwana abane-autism banesimo esinye sokwenzeka kokubambisana, esihlala sinyangeka.

Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha (iipesenti ezingama-53) bane-autism kunye nengxaki yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha (51%) abane-autism kunye noxinzelelo.
Ikota (25%) ine-autism kunye noxinzelelo.
Ubuncinci i-60% yabantwana abane-autism baya kuba neemeko ezimbini zecomorbid (umzekelo, iingxaki zokulala, ukuxhuzula, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, okanye iingxaki zesisu).

(Iingqondo ezivulekileyo, 2018)

Ezinxulumene: Ngaba umntwana wakho uchazwa gwenxa nge-autism?

Ixabiso le-autism

Ukunyamekela, unyango, kunye nokulamla kwiimeko ezenzeka ngokubakho zifumana indleko eziphezulu kumaMelika ane-autism.

I-Autism ixabisa i-60,000 yeedola ngonyaka ngokomyinge wobuntwana ngenxa yeenkonzo zemfundo ezizodwa, iindleko zonyango, kunye nemivuzo yabazali elahlekileyo.
Iindleko zanda kubantu abane-autism kunye nokukhubazeka kwengqondo.
Umama usoloko engumnakekeli ophambili womntwana one-autism. Ngokomndilili, oomama babantwana abane-ASD bafumana umvuzo ongaphantsi ko-35% koomama babantwana abanezinye iimeko zempilo kunye nama-56% angaphantsi koomama babantwana abangenakukhubazeka okanye nangxaki.
Iindleko zokukhathalela abantu abane-autism ziqikelelwa ukuba zifike kwi-461 yezigidigidi zeedola ngo-2025 e-U.S.

(Autism iyathetha, 2018)

Ezinxulumene: Ulawulo lwamayeza kubantu abakhubazekileyo

Ngaba i-autism ingubhubhane?

Ngaphambi kokuxoxa malunga nokuba la manani acebisa ubhubhane, kubalulekile ukuqonda ngoba amanani e-autism anyukile. Ubhubhane sisipikisi kwinqanaba lamatyala amatsha. Nangona kunjalo, akucaci nokuba ukwanda kwe-autism kunyuke ngokwenene okanye ngaba kukonyuka kokuxilongwa.

UChris Abildgaard , LPC, umbhali we Umzali weAutism IMagazini icacisa ukuba kukho ukwanda kwamatyala e-autism ngenxa, yokwandisa inkcazo ukusuka kwi-autism ukuya kwi-autism spectrum disorder (ASD); ulwazi olwandayo lokuphazamiseka ziingcali, ezikhokelela ekwandeni koxilongo olungcono nolwangaphambili; ukungqinelana okungakumbi yi-CDC's Autism and Developmental Disability Monitoring (ADDM) Inethiwekhi kwindlela esetyenziselwa ukuchonga amatyala; (kunye) nokwanda okwenyani kwinqanaba labantwana abazalwa benesifo.