Ngaba umntwana wakho uchazwa gwenxa nge-ADHD?

Imfundo yezeMpilo

Ngaba intombi yakho ibonakala ngathi inamandla angenasiphelo, ibaleka ijikeleze bonke oontanga bayo? Okanye ngaba kubonakala ngathi kunzima kunyana wakho ukunikel 'ingqalelo eklasini, esokola kakhulu kunoko kulindelweyo? Kunzima kumzali ukuba azi ukuba isimilo esinjengalezi ziimpawu ze-ADHD-okanye ngokulula ukuba abantwana ngabantwana. Ukufumana uxilongo lwe-ADHD oluchanekileyo lomntwana wakho kwingcali yezempilo yengqondo kunokuthetha umahluko phakathi kokufumana nje nokukhula ngokuzithemba.

Yintoni i-ADHD?

Ingxaki yokusilela kokuqwalaselwa sisifo yi-neurodevelopmental disorder ebonakaliswa yipatheni yokuziphatha, ekhoyo kwizicwangciso ezininzi (umzekelo, isikolo kunye nekhaya), ezinokuthi zikhokelele kwimicimbi yokusebenza kwintlalo, kwezemfundo, okanye kuseto lomsebenzi, ngokwe Unyango woNyango kunye neNgcaciso yeNcwadi yokuPhazamiseka kwengqondo ( I-DSM-5 ). Ezi patheni zokuziphatha zahlulwe kukungakhathali okanye ukunganyanzeleki-kwaye ubandakanye iimpawu ezisusela ekusileleni ukumamela okanye ukulandela imiyalelo kukungxola okanye ukuthetha ngokugqithileyo.

Unobangela we-ADHD awaziwa, ngokutsho UDiana Deutsch, MD , ugqirha wezengqondo waseBrooklyn, nangona esithi kukho into ekurhanelwa ukuba ililifa kumdlalo.

Uya kuhlala ubona umntwana onale nto, utata athi, 'Hayi, bendinayo xa ndandisengumntwana,' uyachaza, ongeze ngelithi ngelixa uzalwa une-ADHD, imeko yendalo esingqongileyo nayo ifuthe kwimeko. Ezi zinto zokusingqongileyo zinokubandakanya ukuxhaphaza, ukungahambelani, isithukuthezi, kunye nokutya.

Inyaniso yokuba i-ADHD inxulunyaniswa nokwanda okukhulu ekufeni kwenza kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuseka isifo esichanekileyo. Ukonyuka kokusweleka ikakhulu kwiingozi, kodwa ukuzibulala kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kuxhaphake kakhulu kubantwana nakubantu abadala abane-ADHD.

Iimpawu ze-ADHD

Iimpawu ze-ADHD ziwela kumacandelo amabini: ukungakhathaleli kunye nokunyanzeliswa, kwaye uninzi lwabantwana ludibene zombini, ngokukaGqirha Deutsch.

Iimpawu zokungakhathali zibandakanya:

• Ubunzima bokugcina ingqalelo
• Ukuphazamiseka ngokulula
• Ukunganikeli ngqalelo kwiinkcukacha
• Ukwenza iimpazamo ngokungakhathali
• Kusokola ukugqiba izabelo okanye ukulandela umkhombandlela
• Ukuphulukana okanye ukulibala izinto

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokunyanzeliswa komzimba zibandakanya:

• Ukwenza ngaphambi kokucinga
• Ukuphumla kunye nokugungqa
• Ukuthetha kakhulu okanye ukuphazamisa abantu ngamaxesha angafanelekanga.

Ezi mpawu kufuneka zibonise emntwaneni ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-12 kwaye zibangele ukuphazamiseka ebomini babo, ukuze kufunyanwe isifo se-ADHD.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukuba njengomntu omdala , ngequbuliso ufumanisa ukuba kunzima ukugxila, zininzi ezinye iimeko (ezinje ngexhala okanye uxinzelelo) ugqirha wakho anokukhupha kuqala. Nangona, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba umntu omdala abe ne-ADHD njengomntwana kwaye ayinyamezele ebudaleni. Kwezi meko, uGqr. Deutsch uthi iimpawu zinokujongeka ngokufanayo ebudaleni, nangona isigama esisetyenzisiweyo ukuzichaza zinokwahluka kancinci.

Akukho ludwe lweempawu ze-ADHD yabantwana kwi-DSM ngokuchasene noluhlu lwabantu abadala, utshilo. Nangona kunjalo, ihlala ibonisa ngokwahlukileyo. Unokuba neqabane lakho uthi, 'Umyeni wam usuka kwenye into aye kwenye kwaye kunzima kuye.' Okanye ngamanye amaxesha umntu osemdala uza kungena athi, 'Ndiyazi ukuba bendisoloko ndinobunzima, kodwa akukho namnye owakhe wandisa [kwagqirha], okanye ndakrelekrele ngokwaneleyo.

Kutheni le nto i-ADHD misdiagnosis yenzeka?

Inani eliqikelelweyo labantwana abaya kufunyaniswa bene-ADHD, ngovavanyo lwabazali luka-2016 olukhankanywe ngu Amaziko oLawulo noThintelo lwezifo (CDC), sisigidi esi-6.1. Nangona kunjalo, uphononongo luka-2017 olupapashwe kwi- Umntwana kunye noLutsha isifo sengqondo kunye nempilo yengqondo Ucebise ukuba malunga ne-1.1 yezigidi zabantwana eUnited States bafumene isifo esingalunganga se-ADHD.

Isifundo sidwelise uninzi lwezizathu ezinokubakho zokuchongwa gwenxa kwe-ADHD kubandakanya:

• Ukuba nomhla wokuzalwa kufutshane nomhla wokucinywa kwenkulisa. Rhoqo, ezi ndlela zokuziphatha zabafundi abangafezekanga zithelekiswa nokuziphatha kwabo abafunda nabo abafundileyo ukuze bafikelele kwisifo. (Ngokubalulekileyo, ngelixa bonke abafundi besesikolweni senkulisa, iintshukumo zomntwana oneminyaka emihlanu ubudala ziya kuba zincinci kunezenzo zabantwana abaneminyaka emi-6.)
• Oogqirha beza kwizigqibo zabo kwaye bangazisebenzisi kakuhle iindlela zokuqonda ezichazwe kwi I-DSM-5 .
• Iimpawu ze-ADHD zilinganisa ezo zezinye iimeko, okanye isigulana esivelisa iimeko ezininzi, esenza ukuba ukuxilongwa kube nzima ngakumbi.

Xa kufunyaniswa i-ADHD, oogqirha kufuneka balumke bangadibanisi iimpawu ze-ADHD neminye imiba yempilo yengqondo, njengokuphazamiseka koxinzelelo okanye ukuphazamiseka kwemood. Nabani na owake waxhalaba, ngubani na wonke umntu, uyazi ukuba akunakwenzeka ukunikela ingqalelo xa uxhalabile ngokwenene, utshilo uGqirha Deutsch. Awunakho ukugxila.

Ukuphazamiseka, njengokukhubazeka kokufunda kunye nokuphazamiseka kwembonakalo ye-autism, kufuneka kukhutshwe ngaphandle. Enye into ngamanye amaxesha umntwana akahambelani kakuhle ezifundweni, utshilo uGqirha Deutsch. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Abantwana bomntu othile baya kuza ekhaya kwaye baya kuthi bayadika, kodwa eneneni mhlawumbi banesiphene sokufunda.

Kuyenzeka ukuba umntwana abe nazo zombini iingxaki zokukhula kunye ne-ADHD (okanye unxunguphalo / uxinzelelo kunye ne-ADHD), ke kukho uninzi lwe-nuance echaphazelekayo ekuchongeni ngokuchanekileyo imiba esisiseko.

Ngelixa ukugqithisa isifo kuyingxaki ekuxoxwa ngayo rhoqo nge-ADHD, ingqalelo encinci ihlawulwa kwimeko yokungaziqondi. Amantombazana amancinci, ngokukodwa, afunyaniswa ukuba akafumaneki rhoqo, amaxesha amaninzi ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zawo azilulo uhlobo oluqaphelekayo kwaye ziyakwazi ukubuyekeza ngokwaneleyo.

Amantombazana akrelekrele lelona qela lihoyiweyo, endiya kubona xa beneminyaka engama-27, utshilo u-Owen Muir, MD, ugqirha wezifo zengqondo kunye nomseki Iingqondo zaseBrooklyn . Akukho mntu ukhathalayo ukuba ufumana u-A hayi u-A +, okanye ukuba uyintombazana, kwaye ufumana i-B +, ngakumbi ukuba uthule. Kwaye ke amantombazana athuleyo ane-ADHD enganikeli ngqalelo kwaye ehlakaniphile kakhulu, akukho bunzima baneleyo kwinqanaba lesikolo okanye kwisikolo esiphakamileyo ukwenza ukuba ibaluleke. Banokwenza ezo zinto xa belele. Banokuphazamiseka ngokungummangaliso, kodwa ukuba banengqondo ngokwaneleyo, akunamsebenzi-de ufike kwinqanaba apho ubetha khona eludongeni. Kwaye inqaku kuxa iimfuno zibangaphezulu kwamandla abo okujongana nazo, zikhokelela ekufumaneni isifo kamva ebomini.

Ukuphila ngokungaxilongwanga (kwaye, ke, unganyangwa) i-ADHD inokuba neziphumo ezibi, ukusuka ekuzithembeni okuphantsi kunye nobunzima emsebenzini kwiingxaki zobudlelwane-nokuba uzame ukuzibulala.

Ezinxulumene: Izibonelelo zamayeza e-ADHD kulutsha

Ukuchonga ngokufanelekileyo i-ADHD

Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakalisa iimpawu ze-ADHD, kubalulekile ukumsa kwingcali yezonyango ukuze ayokuvavanywa. Inyathelo lokuqala, ngokwefayile ye- i-CDC Ngokwesiqhelo luvavanyo olulula lwezonyango ukujonga umbono wabo kunye nokuva ukuze kuthintelwe naziphi na iimeko ezibonakalayo ezinokulinganisa iimpawu ze-ADHD. Emva koko, ingcali yezempilo yengqondo iya kuqhuba uthotho lodliwanondlebe, kunye nabazali, ootitshala, kunye nomntwana, ukuze bafumane eyona nto iyiyo imiba kwaye zichaphazela njani isikolo somntwana kunye nobomi basekhaya.

Ngokwenyani sisifo esixilongelayo, utshilo uGqirha Deutsch. Kodwa ukuze siyenze, kufuneka sibeke iziqwenga ezininzi ezingezizo ezonyango. Kodwa ubukhulu becala luluhlu. Kukwenza: Kutheni lo mntwana engenzi into onokuyilindela? Kutheni le nto lo mntu enobunzima obungaka kule meko yezifundo? Kufana nokuba ngumcuphi.

Uluhlu olwamkelekileyo lobudala bovavanyo, ngokwe IAmerican Academy yeZilwanyana , uneminyaka emi-4 ukuya kweli-18 ubudala.

Unyango lwe-ADHD

Unyango lwe-ADHD luwela kwiindidi ezimbini: indlela yokuziphatha kunye neyeza. Kuxhomekeka kubudala bomntwana kunye neemfuno, zihlala zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukubamba unyango.

Unyanga njani i-ADHD ngaphandle kwamayeza?

Unyango ngokuziphatha luhlala linyathelo lokuqala kubantwana abancinci kakhulu (abaneminyaka emi-4 ukuya ku-5) abafunyaniswe bene-ADHD. Oku kuhlala kwenzeka kuqeqesho lwabazali. Abazali kufuneka baqonde ukuba bafuna ukomeleza ngokuqinisekileyo isimilo esihle abasibonayo, utshilo uGqirha Deutsch. Abazali bafunda nendlela yokwahlulahlula imisebenzi emikhulu ibe ngamanyathelo amancinci. Ukuze umntwana wabo alandele ngempumelelo, inyathelo ngalinye kufuneka likhatshwe kukuqiniswa okuqinisekileyo. Kubantwana abadala, unyango lokuziphatha lunokubandakanya uhlobo oluthile lonyango. Iingcali zempilo yengqondo zinokubonisana nootitshala babafundi ukuba benze uhlobo olululo lwesicwangciso sokufunda sabo.

Leliphi elona yeza lilungileyo le-ADHD?

Amayeza e-ADHD ziwela ngokwamacandelo amabini: ezikhuthazayo kunye nezingavuseleliyo. Umgca wokuqala zizinto ezikhuthazayo, utshilo uGqirha Deutsch. Amayeza okhuthazayo (ahlala eyi-methylphenidate okanye esekwe kwi-amphetamine) abandakanya iziyobisi ezinje Adderall , URitalin , kunye Ukulungiswa . Ngokwe- Ukutya kunye noLawulo lweeDrug (FDA) ,kukholelwa ukuba zonyusa amanqanaba obuchopho kwi-dopamine-i-neurotransmitter enxulunyaniswa nenkuthazo, ingqalelo, kunye nokuhamba, okunesiphumo sokuthomalalisa. Ukuba abantwana abakwazi ukuthatha into evuselelayo (mhlawumbi ngenxa yesinye imeko esisiseko), baya kuthi emva koko banikwe ichiza elingelilo lokukhuthaza njengeStrattera (atomoxetine), Intuniv (guanfacine), okanye iKapvay (clonidine).

La machiza anokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kwaye akukho sicwangciso sonyango sinye-ye-ADHD, ke kubalulekile ukuba usebenze nogqirha womntwana wakho ulungiselele isicwangciso sonyango kubo, esinokuthi sifune ukuzilungisa endleleni.

Ezinxulumene: Xa amayeza e-ADHD ephela: Uyiphatha njani iyure yobugqwirha yasemva kokuphuma kwesikolo

Ngelixa i-ADHD ingenakunyangeka, inokulawulwa kakuhle. Abantu abaninzi abanale meko bakha izicwangciso ezifanelekileyo zokujongana nokungasafuni mayeza njengabantu abadala.