Yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nomnikelo wegazi

Impilo-ntle

Yonke imihla, abaguli baseMelika bafuna malunga neeyunithi ezingama-36,000 zeeseli ezibomvu zegazi, ngokuka Umnqamlezo obomvu waseMelika . Yindlela esindisa ubomi ehlala ifuna kakhulu. Ngokuyinxenye kuba iminikelo yegazi ayihlali ngonaphakade. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iindlela ezisindisa ubomi, iimveliso zegazi ziyatshabalala kwaye azinakubekwa okanye zenziwe, utshilo uYvette Miller, MD, igosa lezonyango e-American Red Cross. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zinobomi beeshelfu zeentsuku ezingama-42, ngelixa iiplatelets kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezintlanu.

Ngelixa abantu beqhelekile ekuhlaleni ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwe-COVID-19, uninzi lweedrive drive zarhoxiswa. Amawakawaka e-American Red Cross aqhutshwa ngegazi yi-COVID-19 kwaye ukurhoxiswa kwilizwe liphela kukhokelele kumakhulu amawaka eminikelo yegazi, ucacisa uGqirha Miller. Nangona kunjalo, isidingo segazi sihlala sihleli kwaye siqhubekile kulo lonke ubhubhane. Utofelo-gazi luphelele ayilonyango lwe-coronavirus yenoveli, kodwa incindi yegazi ekuthiwa yi-convalescent (inxenye yegazi elivela kubantu ababefumene intsholongwane) isetyenziselwe ukunyanga izigulana ezithile ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ngamanye amagama, ubhubhane wehlabathi unyuse isidingo esele sikhona.

Bamalunga ne-3% kuphela abantu abafanelekileyo abanikela ngegazi minyaka le. Ukuba ujonga indlela elula yokunceda umntu, kwaye unikela okokuqala, qala apha ukuze ufunde iziseko.

Ubhaliso kunye nokufaneleka

Inyathelo lokuqala kukufumanisa ukuba ukulungele na ukunikela ngegazi, nalapho kufuneka unikele khona.

Ngubani onokunika igazi?

Ezona mfuno ziphambili zokufaneleka zibudala kunye nobunzima. Kufuneka ube neminyaka eli-17 ubuncinci, ube nobunzima obungaphezulu kweepawundi ezili-110, kwaye ube sempilweni qete.Ukuba ungumntu osempilweni, ungangena, kwaye baya kukrola abantu abangekho kwindawo efanelekileyo ukuba banikele, uthiUJoyce Mikal-Flynn, EdD, FNP, umseki kunye nomsunguli we IMetaHab .

Kukho iimeko ezithile zempilo, iindawo ekuhanjwa kuzo, kunye nezinye izinto ezinobungozi ezikwenza ukuba ungafaneleki ukunikela kubandakanya i-anemia, ukukhulelwa, umhlaza, i-HIV, i-hepatitis, nokuba neetattoos ezintsha okanye ukubhoboza. Ngaphambili, bekukho izithintelo ezithintela amadoda amaninzi kunye nabasetyhini ukuba banikele. Kutshanje, ekuphenduleni kwimfuno eyandisiweyo ngenxa ye-COVID-19, iU.S.Ukutya noLawulo lweeDrug (FDA) bazikhulule izikhokelo . NgokukaKim Langdon, MD, ingcali enegalelo I-Pod yomzali , kubandakanya leukulandela utshintsho, ukulungiselela ukumiliselwa kwangoko, kwisikhokelo sikaDisemba 2015:

• Kubanikeli abangamadoda abanokuthi bachazelwe ukuba babelane ngesondo nenye indoda: Utshintsho kukuba ixesha lokumisela elicetyiswayo lisuka kwiinyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwiinyanga ezintathu.
• Kubaxhasi ababhinqileyo ababenokuchazelwa ukuba babelane ngesondo nendoda eyabelana ngesondo nenye indoda: Ukutshintsha kwexesha lokumisa ukusuka kwiinyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-3.
• Kulabo baneeTattoo kunye nokugqobhoza: Iarhente iyatshintsha ixesha lokurhoxiswa elinconywayo ukusuka kwiinyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-3.

Ezinxulumene: Ngubani onokunikela ngegazi-kwaye ngubani ongakwaziyo

Ndibhalisa njani ukuze ndinikele?

Khangela i Indawo yaseMelika ebomvu , Indawo yamaZiko eGazi aseMelika , okanye AABB.org ukufumana indawo ekuqhutywa kuyo igazi okanye iziko lokunikela kufutshane nawe. Unokucelwa ukuba ugcwalise iphepha lemibuzo elifutshane elikwi-intanethi ngolwazi olusisiseko, njengegama lakho, umhla wokuzalwa, kunye nolwazi lokunxibelelana. Amaziko amaninzi eminikelo yendawo aya kukuvumela ukuba ukhethe ixesha elikwi-intanethi. Emva koko, kufuneka ufike kwiziko ngomhla kunye nexesha lokuqeshwa kwakho.

Ukuba ukhetha, ungatsalela umnxeba nge-1-800-RED-CROSS. Ukuba uhlala unikela rhoqo, unokwenza igama lomsebenzisi kunye negama eligqithisiweyo kunye neziko lakho lendawo ukuze kube lula ukubhalisa kwikamva.

Inkqubo yokunikela ngegazi

Umnikelo wegazi ukhuselekile, uyakhawuleza, kwaye uninzi lwabantu alunakuba naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amanyathelo athile onokuwathatha ukuqinisekisa ukuba umnikelo wakho wegazi ngamava amahle, kwaye uziva ungcono emva kokuba unikezele.

Ngaphambi kokuba uhambe

Ukulungiselela umnikelo wegazi kufuneka kuqale ubuncinci usuku olunye ngaphambi kokuba abanikeli bangene kwigazi okanye kwiziko lokunikela ngegazi. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba abantu batye ukutya okunesondlo phezolo, baphumle kamnandi ebusuku kwaye basele neziselo ezingaphezulu, utshilo uGqirha Miller. Onke la manyathelo aya kukunceda uqiniseke ukuba ukwimo yomzimba efanelekileyo yomnikelo. Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunganyusa amathuba okuziva utyhafile, emva kokunikela okanye wenze kube nzima ukufumana umthambo.

Ngomhla wokunikezelwa kwegazi abantu kufuneka basele i-ounces ezili-16 zamanzi, batye ukutya okusempilweni kwaye banxibe ihempe eqengqeleka ngaphezulu kwengqiniba ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-phlebotomists ziyakwazi ukugqibezela umnikelo wegazi, ucacisa uGqirha Miller. Ngaphambi kokuba bemke ekhaya, abantu kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba banesazisi sabo sefoto kwaye banesigqubuthelo sobuso okanye isigqubuthelo sobuso esinxitywa xa bengena kwigazi.

Umnikelo wegazi uthathwa njengenkonzo ebalulekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi, ke nokuba imeko yakho ihleli kwiiodolo zasekhaya, uya kuba nakho ukunikela.Abasebenzi bacacile kwaye banesazela ngokugcina abantu bekhuselekile kwi-COVID-19, utshilo uMikal-Flynn.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukuqhuba kwegazi akuqwalaselwa njengendibano enkulu, endaweni yoko ziziganeko ezilawulwayo ezinabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo kunye namanyathelo afanelekileyo okhuseleko ukukhusela abanikeli ngegazi kunye nabamkeli, ucacisa uGqirha Miller.

Kumnikelo wakho wegazi

Nje ukuba bafike kuhambo lwegazi, abantu baya kuthathwa iqondo lobushushu ukuze baqiniseke ukuba bakulungele ukungena, utshilo uGqirha Miller. Emva kokungena kwi-drive, baya kucelwa ukuba banike igama labo, idilesi, inombolo yefowuni kunye ne-ID yesithombe.

Inyathelo lesibini yimbali yezempilo apho abanikeli abanokubakho baya kubuzwa imibuzo ngexesha lodliwanondlebe lwabucala noluyimfihlo malunga nembali yabo yezempilo kunye neendawo ezihanjwayo, utshilo uGqirha Miller. Isetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokuhlola ukuqinisekisa ukuba igazi lakho likhuselekile ekunikezeleni ngalo, ke qiniseka ukuba uphendula imibuzo ngokunyanisekileyo. Iya kubandakanya i-mini-physical apho abasebenzi bajonga ubushushu, ihemoglobin, uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo.

Ngethuba nje ungenayo i-anemia kwaye ungenayo enye imeko, unganika igazi, utsho uLangdon.

Isinyathelo sesithathu sithatha abanikeli kusihlalo wesibonelelo, apho siqokelela khona umnikelo wegazi, utshilo uGqirha Miller. Uya kuhlala kwindawo entle nokuba uhleli okanye ulale phantsi. Abasebenzi bayakucoca ingalo yomnikeli, kwaye emva kwengca encinci, ibhegi izakuqala ukugcwaliswa… Xa sele iqokelelwe ityuwa yegazi, umnikelo ugqityiwe, kwaye umsebenzi uza kufaka ibhandeji engalweni, ucacisa uGqirha Miller. .

Umnikelo opheleleyo wegazi uthatha malunga nemizuzu eli-10. Ukuba unikela ngeplasma okanye iiplatelets, kungathatha ixesha elide. Ezo ntlobo zeminikelo zisebenzisa inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yiapheresis, nto leyo ethetha ukuba igazi lakho lihluzwa ngomatshini oqhotyoshelwe kwiingalo zombini ngelixa unika. Lo matshini uthatha indawo yegazi efuneka kwiziko, uze ubeke endaweni eseleyo emzimbeni wakho. Le nkqubo inokuthatha ukuya kwiiyure ezimbini zomnikelo weplasma kunye nomnikelo weplatelet.

Emva kokunikela ngegazi

Xa umnikelo wakho ugqityiwe, uyakunikwa into eselwayo kunye nesidlo, kunye nemiyalelo yendlela yokuzikhathalela emva kokunikela. Konke malunga nokutshintsha ulwelo oluphulukene nalo ngokunika igazi, ngokukaMikhal-Flynn.

Abanye abantu bafumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela ekunikelweni kwegazi, njengokuziva uphelelwe ngamandla, iintloko zikhaphukhaphu, unesiyezi, isicaphucaphu, okanye ukubila. Ngokwesiqhelo ezo mvakalelo zihlala kuphela imizuzu embalwa, kwaye ziphuculwe ngokutya kunye ne-hydration.

Unako nokuba nomxeba apho kufakwe inaliti. Ukuba ufumana isicaphucaphu esiqhubekayo okanye intloko elula, iintlungu okanye ukuba ndindisholo engalweni, ukuphakama okanye ukuphuma kwegazi rhoqo, kuya kufuneka unxibelelane nomboneleli wakho wezempilo okanye iziko labanikeli.

Ngokwesiqhelo, imiyalelo yasemva komnikelo ibandakanya ukutya ukutya okunesondlo, ukuhlala unamanzi amaninzi, kunye nokuphepha ukutshaya okanye ukusela utywala ubuncinci iiyure ezingama-24. Linda iiveki ezisibhozo ngaphambi kokuba uphinde unikele ngegazi.

Impembelelo yomnikelo wakho

Emva komnikelo wakho, igazi lakho oliliphathisiweyo lithunyelwa kwiziko lokuqhubekeka. Rhoqo, igazi lahlulwa libe ziinxalenye zalo ezintathu, iplasma, iiplatelets, kunye neeseli ezibomvu — icandelo ngalinye linokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimfuno ezahlukeneyo. Ipakishwe kwiiyunithi, eziyimali esemgangathweni esetyenziselwa ukutofelwa igazi. Iminikelo yegazi ihanjiswa kwiibhanki zegazi zesibhedlele.

Esona sizathu sokuba sinikele kukunceda abantu, utshilo uMikal-Flynn. Nokuba ngeli xesha, kukho iingxaki. Igazi liyafuneka ukunceda kukhathalelo lwesigulana. Izigulana zisenokufuna ukutofelwa igazi xa besopha kakhulu ngexesha likaxakeka, njengengozi yemoto okanye uqhaqho. Banokuba yinxalenye yonyango lweemeko ezithile zempilo, njengomhlaza okanye I-sickle cell anemia .

Abanikeli begazi base-Afrika baseMelika banokunceda abaguli abalwa nesifo seRhengulu. Abaguli abanesifo sokugula ubukhulu becala bayinzalelwane yaseAfrika kwaye bafuna ukutofelwa igazi rhoqo kubantu abanebala elifanayo nobuzwe obufanayo ukuthintela iingxaki ngexesha lonyango lotofelo-gazi, utshilo uGqirha Miller. Ngelishwa, ukusukela phakathi ku-Matshi silibonile inani labanikeli begazi base-Afrika baseMelika behla ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha. Kuyaqondakala ukuba, siyakholelwa kwelokuba eli nani lehlile kwinxalenye enkulu ngenxa yokurhoxiswa kwegazi kumashishini, iicawa, nasezikolweni, kunye ne-COVID-19 yokusuleleka kwabangenayo kuma-Afrika aseMelika xa kuthelekiswa namanye amaqela, utshilo uGqirha Miller. Ngelixa siwuqondayo lo mceli mngeni, uMnqamlezo obomvu ufuna uncedo lwabanikeli begazi base-Afrika baseMelika ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kwegazi okwahlukeneyo.

Xa igazi lakho lilungele ukunceda abanye, liyavavanyelwa uhlobo lwegazi kunye neemeko ezithile. Leyo yeyona nzuzo yomnikelo, ngaphandle kokunceda abantu: Kukuhlolwa kwezempilo simahla. Uya kwaziswa ngalo naluphi na uvavanyo oluqinisekileyo, kwaye unokufumana malunga neemeko eziphantsi, njengentsimbi ephantsi.

Uya kufunda kwakhona uhlobo lwegazi lakho: A, B, AB, okanye u-O. Kukho iindlela ezithile apho igazi lihambelana khona nokongezwa kwegazi okukhuselekileyo, kwaye uhlobo lwegazi luyinxalenye yako. Uhlobo lwe-O- luhlobo lwegazi kwindalo iphela, oko kuthetha ukuba, linokunikwa abaguli abanalo naluphi na uhlobo lwegazi. Uhlobo lwe-AB + plasma ngumnikeli weplasma jikelele. Ukuba unayo enye yezi ndidi zegazi, umnikelo wakho ubaluleke ngakumbi, kuba ngowona uceliweyo, kwaye uhlala unqabile.

Igalelo elinye legazi linokusindisa ukuya kuthi ga kubomi abathathu, ngokwe-American Red Cross. Ayinakwenziwa, kufuneka inikwe ngabantu abasempilweni. Umntu othile eMelika ufuna igazi rhoqo kwimizuzwana emi-2. Oko kudibanisa ukuya kwiiyunithi ezingama-7,000 zeeplatelets kunye neeyunithi ezingama-10 000 zeplasma. Amashumi amathathu anesibhozo eepesenti abemi banelungelo lokunikela. Ukuchongwa kwakho kunganceda ukuba yinxalenye yesisombululo somntu osweleyo.