Yintoni isicwangciso sezempilo esitsalwayo?

Inkampani

Ukuba ne-inshurensi yezempilo kuyimfuneko, kodwa ayisoloko ifikeleleka. Iipremiyamu zezicwangciso ezinikezela ezantsi kutsalwa kwaye iindleko eziphantsi zokuphuma epokothweni azinakwenzeka kubantu abaninzi. Ngenisa isicwangciso esiphakamileyo sezempilo. Isicwangciso sempilo esitsalwayo esiphakamileyo sinokubangela ukuba ugcine imali kunye nokuvumela ukuba ube bhetyebhetye kunezicwangciso zesiko lezempilo. Nantsi yonke into ekufuneka uyazi ngaphambi kokuba ubhalise.

Yintoni isicwangciso sezempilo esitsalwayo?

Izicwangciso zempilo ezitsalwayo eziphezulu (HDHPs) zizicwangciso ze-inshurensi ezinokutsalwa okuphezulu kunokuba ubuya kugubungela ngokwesiko. Oku kuthetha ukuba kuya kufuneka uhlawule ngaphezulu ngeenkonzo zokhathalelo lwempilo epokothweni yakho kwangoko enyakeni ngaphambi kokuba inkampani yakho yeinshurensi iqale ukwabelana ngeendleko zokhathalelo nawe. Ngokwesiqhelo awunayo i- intlawulo yemveli Nokuba; Uya kuhlawula epokothweni nge-100% ude uhlangane nenciphiso yakho yonyaka. Ngaphandle kokufumana imali ukhuseleko , egutyungelwe ngokupheleleyo njengoko kuchaziwe nguMthetho woKhathalelo ongenakufikeleleka (ACA). Ezi zicwangciso zinokudityaniswa neakhawunti yokonga impilo (HSA) ukuze iindleko ezithile zonyango zihlawulwe ngaphandle kweerhafu.

I-IRS ichaza izicwangciso zempilo ezinokutsalwa eziphakamileyo kwi isilinganiselo esineenkcukacha Ukuxhuzulwa ngokwako kufuneka kube ubuncinci beedola ezili-1,400 kwisicwangciso esizimeleyo okanye kwi-2,800 yeedola kwisicwangciso sosapho, kwaye iindleko zokuphuma epokothweni ngonyaka azinakudlula i-6 900 yeedola kumntu omnye okanye kwi-13,800 yeedola kusapho. Umda, nangona kunjalo, awusebenzi ukuba ufumana iinkonzo zangaphandle kwenethiwekhi.

Ii-HDHP ziyathandwa, nazo-ziyisicwangciso sesibini esithandwa kakhulu emva kwezicwangciso zezempilo ze-PPO. Ngokwe- I-2019 yeKaiser Family Foundation yoPhononongo lwezeMpilo loMqeshi , Iipesenti ezingama-30 zabantu abaqeshiweyo bakhethe ukubhalisa kwisicwangciso esiphakamileyo sempilo esitsalwayo kunye nenketho ye-HSA. Elo nani liyakhula kancinci kancinci, ngelixa ii-PPOs ezisemgangathweni ziye zingathandwa kangako.

Zisebenza njani izicwangciso ze-HDHP?

Xa unesicwangciso esiphakamileyo sempilo esitsalwayo, unayo i-inshurensi yonyango esemgangathweni-uhlawula nje intlawulo yenyanga esezantsi kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokuphuma epokothweni nge Ipesenti yesiqinisekiso . Ngomntu ngamnye, uya kuhlawula i-100% yeendleko zokundwendwela ugqirha, ukuvavanywa kunye nonyango de ube ufikelela kwitsala lakho. Emva koko i-inshurensi yakho iyakhaba (ireyithi okanye ipesenti ehlawulayo iyahluka ngokwesicwangciso) de ube ufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokuphuma epokothweni. Nje ukuba udibane nayo, i-inshurensi ihlawulela yonke into ngokupheleleyo (ucinga ukuba ababoneleli obasebenzisayo bakwinethiwekhi yakho).

Amaxabiso einshurensi ayahluka kwisicwangciso sokucwangciswa, ke qiniseka ukuba ujonga izixhobo zakho zeinshurensi ukufumana inqanaba lakho.

Ukuba ukhetha ukuba ne-HSA idibene ne-inshurensi yakho, wena okanye umqeshi wakho uya kwenza igalelo kwi-akhawunti enokusetyenziselwa ukuhlawula ezinye iindleko zonyango ngaphandle kweerhafu. Njengomntu ngamnye, unokunikela nge- $ 3,550; Iintsapho zinokufaka isandla ukuya kuthi ga kwi-7,100 yeedola. Abaqeshi baya kuhlala benza igalelo le-HSA ngaphezulu kweyakho, ke ngekhe uxhomekeke ekutshekeni kwakho kuyo yonke loo mali-kodwa bekunye, umqeshi kunye nomsebenzi abanako ukugqitha ubuninzi.

Ezinxulumene: Iinkonzo zempilo ezi-5 ekufuneka uzenzile emva kokuba udibene nokutsalwa kwakho

Ngaba ii-HDHP zigubungela imigqaliselo?

Ngenxa yokuba izicwangciso zempilo ezinokutsalwa rhoqo zihlala zinezibonelelo ezifanayo neinshurensi yezempilo yemveli, amayeza amiselweyo agqunywe nge-coinsurance ngendlela efanayo nokhathalelo lonyango. Umzekelo, ukuba iyeza lakho lixabisa i-10 leedola ngexabiso elipheleleyo, uya kulihlawula de ube uhlangabezana nokutsalwa, kwaye emva koko ungahlawula i- $ 2 nje ukuba i-inshurensi ingene. Kodwa akusoloko kunjalo, ezinye ii-HDHP zidibene nonyango kunye nekhemisi Ukutsalwa ngelixa abanye bengakwenzi. Jonga amaxwebhu esicwangciso sakho kunye nefomula ukuze ubone ezona zixa zenzelwe wena buqu.

Zithini izibonelelo zesicwangciso sezempilo esitsalwayo?

Izibonelelo eziphambili zesicwangciso sezempilo esitsalwayo? Yimali encinci epokothweni yakho inyanga nenyanga ukuba awusebenzisi iinkonzo zokhathalelo lwempilo rhoqo, okanye kwaphela. Iipremiyamu zingaphantsi kwesicwangciso sezempilo sendabuko. Kwaye ukuba awuyi kugqirha rhoqo, okanye unosapho oluncinci olunabantu abambalwa abaxhomekeke kuwe, yinto entle kakhulu leyo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba ubeka ngokwaneleyo kwi-HSA, uya kuba nemali ebekelwe bucala ukuhlawula naziphi na iindleko zonyango ezingalindelekanga onokuzifumana.

Zeziphi iingxaki?

Ukuba nepremiyamu esezantsi kunye nokutsalwa okuphezulu kunokubonakala kuyinto entle kumphezulu ukuba awuyi kwagqirha rhoqo, kodwa inokusebenza ngokuchasene nawe, ngokunjalo. Ukuba unemoto eyaphukileyo okanye uqaqanjelwa yintliziyo, umzekelo, ungaya kwagqirha ngaphezu kokuba ubulindele ukuba uza kufunyaniswa kwaye unyangwe — nto leyo ethi, ukuba awukadibani nokuncitshiswa kwakho, kunokukhokelela ekubeni uchithe imali eninzi imali eninzi kutyelelo kunokuba ubuya kuba nesicwangciso sempilo yemveli.

Kuxhomekeka kwindlela ophatha ngayo ukhathalelo lwempilo, unokuphela ukwimo embi kunokuba ubuya kwenza ngenye indlela. An Okthobha 2017 isifundo kwi Imicimbi yezeMpilo ibonise ukuba abaguli abanezicwangciso zempilo ezinokutsalwa eziphakamileyo bahlala betsiba ukuhlolwa okucetyiswayo kwaye basebenzise igumbi likaxakeka lezinto ezingafunekiyo ukutyelelwa kwegumbi likaxakeka. Kwaye, a Iphepha elimhlophe lika-2014 elivela kwiYunivesithi yaseMichigan ibonakalise ukuba abaguli abanemicimbi engapheliyo bahlala betsiba ugqirha ngenxa yokoyika ukuhlawula ngaphezulu kunokuba bekwazi.

Oko bekutshiwo, ukuba ngaba ukulungele ukuhlawulela iindleko zokhathalelo lwempilo ezinokubakho ezinxulunyaniswa nezicwangciso eziphezulu zokutsalwa ukuze utshintshise iipremiyamu ezisezantsi, kwaye unenjongo yokusebenzisa isicwangciso ngendlela elungileyo, akunakubakho kakhulu ukuba ungakhathazeka.

Ngaba i-HDHP ibhetele kune-PPO?

UKUYAIsicwangciso sePPO-Okanye umbutho okhetha umboneleli- yenye yeendlela zesicwangciso seinshurensi yezempilo esemgangathweni. Njengezicwangciso eziphezulu zempilo ezinokutsalwa, une-network kunye nababoneleli abangaphandle kwenethiwekhi. Ababoneleli ngaphandle kwenethiwekhi babiza imali eninzi ukuze babone. Zombini ezi zicwangciso zigubungela izinto ezifanayo, kodwa iiplani ze-PPO ngokubanzi zineeprimiyamu eziphezulu ezibhangqwe ngezinciphiso ezisezantsi kunye neendleko zokuphuma epokothweni kunee-HDHPs. Kwakhona, ngee-PPOs, ngekhe ufumane ithuba lokusebenzisa i-HSA ngokudibeneyo ne-inshurensi yakho.

Isigqibo phakathi kwesicwangciso se-HDHP okanye se-PPO silele ukuba umndwendwela kangaphi ugqirha. I-PPO inokuba ngcono ukuba ukhululekile ukuhlawula ngakumbi ngaphambili kwaye ucwangcise ukutyelela ugqirha rhoqo. Umzekelo, iimeko ezingapheliyo zihlala zifuna ukutyelelwa rhoqo ngugqirha. Ukuba ukhetha ukugcina imali eninzi inyanga nenyanga kwaye ungalindelanga imiba yokhathalelo lwempilo, i-HDHP ingangcono.

Ngaba kufuneka ndifumane i-HSA?

Iakhawunti yokonga impilo ikunika imali encinci xa uyisebenzisa ngokudibeneyo ne-HDHP. Nantsi indlela esebenza ngayo. Rhoqo ngenyanga, ukuncitshiswa komvuzo kubeka imali kwi-HSA yakho. Ukuba unesicwangciso seinshurensi ngomsebenzi, kunokwenzeka ukuba umqeshi wakho anganegalelo kwi-HSA ngokunjalo.

Imali ye-HSA iyafumaneka ukuba uyisebenzise njengekhadi ledebhithi okanye iitshekhi. Xa uhlawula iindleko zonyango ezifanelekileyo -Njengokutsalwa kwemali, iikopopayi, umsebenzi wamazinyo, iiglasi, i-acupuncture, imigqaliselo, kunye neyeza zokuthenga-wenza njalo ngekhadi okanye ukukhangela.

Kubalulekile ukuba wazi ukuba awukwazi ukuhlawula iipremiyamu nge-HSA yakho, nangona kwezinye iimeko, iipremiyamu ze-COBRA kunye neinshurensi yezonyango ihlawulwe ngelixa ungaphangeli Unokubuyiselwa imali ngeakhawunti. Ekupheleni konyaka wekhalenda, nayiphi na ibhalansi ekhoyo onayo kwiakhawunti idlulela kunyaka olandelayo.

Ukufaneleka kwe-HSA

Ngelishwa, ayinguye wonke umntu kufanelekile ye-HSA. Kuya kufuneka ukuba ube nesicwangciso esifanelekileyo senqanaba lezempilo njengoko kuchaziwe sisikhokelo se-IRS apha ngasentla. Ukuba umqeshi wakho akanikeli nge-HSA, unokufumana enye kwinkampani yabucala-kodwa kunjalo kuphela ngesicwangciso esifanelekileyo seinshurensi yezempilo. Gcina ukhumbule ukuba akuzona zonke ii-HDHP ezifanelekileyo kwi-HSA. Ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 kwaye kwi-Medicare, awukwazi ukuvula i-HSA. Awunakho ukufaka isandla kule unayo.

I-HSA pros

Kukho izibonelelo ezimbalwa zokuba ne-HSA ngaphandle kokufumana ukuthengwa kwangaphambili kwerhafu. Awuyikuhlawula irhafu kwi-akhawunti okanye kwiindleko ezifanelekileyo ze-HSA. Ukufaka igalelo ngokuthe ngqo kwimirhumo yakho kukuvumela ukuba urhafiswe njengaxa usenza imali encinci (umvuzo wakho ususa isixa osifakileyo ngonyaka). Kwaye, unokutyala imali kwi-HSA yakho kunokuba uyisebenzise kwiindleko zonyango.

Umthengi we-HSA

Ukuba ufumana i-HSA, kukho ezinye izinto ezinokubangela ukuba ube phantsi. Urhulumente unezikhokelo malunga nokuba unokuba negalelo elingakanani kwi-HSA. Ngokwe- iinombolo zamva nje ukusuka kwi-IRS, umntu ngamnye unokufaka kuphela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3,550 yeedola. Iintsapho zikwazi kuphela ukufaka igalelo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-7,100 yeedola. Ngethamsanqa ezo mali zingaphezulu kokuphindaphinda ubuncinci bezinto ezitsalwayo. Ukuba ugcine ngokwaneleyo, ungazigubungela zonke ezo ndleko de ube udibana nazo.

Enye into engathandekiyo kwi-HSA kukuba ngokwenene kuphela iindleko zonyango. Awunakho ukuchitha loo mali kuyo nayiphi na into engafanelekanga yokuthenga, kungenjalo uya kuba noxanduva lokuhlawula irhafu yengeniso kuyo. Ukuba ungaphantsi kweminyaka engama-65 kwaye usebenzise imali ngeendleko ezingezizo ezonyango, uyakuhlawula isohlwayo ngaphezulu kwetax yengeniso. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umdala kunama-65, ungayisebenzisa imali ngayo nayiphi na into kwaye urhafiswe ngokufanayo nokutsala kwi-IRA. Qiniseka ukuba uyayigcina kwaye uyisebenzise kakuhle loo mali.

Ezinxulumene: I-HSA kunye ne-HSA I-FSA vs. HRA

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