Iyeza elifanelekileyo

Ulwazi lweziyobisi

Isikhohlela yenye yeefayile ze- izizathu eziqhelekileyo Abantu babona umboneleli wabo wokuqala wezempilo. Kuba uninzi lokukhohlela kubangelwa yingqele eqhelekileyo okanye imeko yokusingqongileyo, amayeza okhohlela e-over-the-counter (OTC) kunye namayeza ekhaya ahlala elungisa ingxaki. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba undwendwele ugqirha wakho wokhathalelo oluphambili ukuze ufumane iingcebiso kwezonyango- kunye neyeza likagqirha lokukhohlela-ukuba ukhohlokhohlo kubangela umkhuhlane okanye uhlala ngaphezulu kweeveki ezintathu.

Oonobangela ukhohlokhohlo

Ngelixa ukukhwehlela ngamanye amaxesha kuyinto eqhelekileyo, ukukhohlela okungapheliyo kunokuba luphawu lweemeko zonyango ezisisiseko. Ukukhwehlela kukuzikhusela okujolise ekususeni ukhuseleko olugqithisileyo kunye nemizimba yamanye amazwe kwindlela yomoya. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhwehlela okuqatha nokuhlala kunokuchaphazela kakhulu umgangatho wobomi bakho.

Ezi zizizathu eziphambili zokukhohlela:

• Okubandayo Okunye: Ingqele eqhelekileyo sisifo sentsholongwane yempumlo nomqala (iphecana eliphezulu lokuphefumla). Ihlala ingenabungozi, nangona isenokungavakali ngaloo ndlela. Uninzi lwabantu luphulukana nengqele eqhelekileyo kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe ukuya kwezili-10.
• Intsholongwane yentsholongwane yokuphefumula: Eli lelinye igama lomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Oku kwenzeka kakhulu xa intsholongwane ingena emzimbeni ngomlomo okanye ngempumlo. Ngenxa yeempawu, zixhaphake kakhulu ngokuthinta, ukuthimla, okanye ukukhohlela.
• Umkhuhlane: Umkhuhlane sisifo sentsholongwane esihlasela inkqubo yakho yokuphefumla. Umkhuhlane udla ngokubizwa ngokuba ngumkhuhlane, kodwa awufani neentsholongwane zomkhuhlane wesisu ezibanga urhudo nokugabha. Nangona iyeza lokugonya lonyaka lomkhuhlane lingasebenzi kakuhle nge-100%, iseyeyona ndlela yokuzikhusela yakho yomkhuhlane.
• IBronchitis: I-bronchitis kukukrala komphetho weetyhubhu zakho ze-bronchial, zezona ndawo ziphambili umzimba wakho uzisebenzisayo ukuphatha umoya usiya nasemiphungeni yakho. Abantu abane-bronchitis bahlala bekhohlela i-mucus eshinyeneyo, enokuthi iphinde icwecwe. I-bronchitis inokuba njalo ebukhali okanye ezingapheliyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa yintsholongwane-kaninzi iintsholongwane ezifanayo ezibangela ukubanda okuqhelekileyo okanye umkhuhlane-kodwa kwezinye iimeko ezikhethiweyo, kunokubangelwa yi-bacteria.

Iindidi amayeza ukhohlokhohlo

Amayeza ahlukeneyo anokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukukhohlela kunye neempawu ezibandayo, kodwa zimbalwa zazo ezinokunyanga ngokukhawuleza iimpawu. Nazi iintlobo eziphambili:

• Isikhohlisi sokucinezela (ekwabizwa ngokuba izinto ezichasayo ) vimba i-reflex yokukhwehlela, okwenza ukukhwehlela kungabikho. I-Dextromethorphan (i-DM) sesona sixhobo siqhelekileyo sisebenzayo kwizithintelo zokukhohlela. Izikhohlisi ezikhohlakeleyo akufuneki zisetyenziswe ukuba ukukhwehlela kubangelwa kukutshaya, i-emphysema, i-asthma, i-pneumonia, okanye i-bronchitis engapheliyo. I-Antihistamines okanye i-decongestants inokuwomisa umqala, yenze i-mucus ibe ngqindilili kwaye kube nzima ukuhamba, okukhokelela kwisikhohlela esiqatha.
• Abalindeleyo yikhulule okanye inciphise i-mucus esifubeni, yenze kube lula ukuyikhohlela. Omnye umzekelo odumileyo yi-guaifenesin. Ukusela ulwelo olongezelelekileyo kunokunceda.
• Amayeza okudibanisa iqulethe indibaniselwano ye-expectorants, i-suppressants yokukhohlela, kunye nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo. Banokubandakanya ii-antihistamines, iipilisi zentlungu, kunye neyeza zokunyanga iimpawu ezininzi ngaxeshanye. Ukunyanga ukhohlokhohlo kubanda obuqhelekileyo, ukhetho olufanelekileyo liyeza elibandayo eliqukethe zombini i-antihistamine kunye ne-decongestant, njengoko i-antihistamine iyodwa ayinakusebenza.

Ngawaphi awona mayeza akhohlelayo okhohlela?

Uninzi lwezifo zokubanda eziqhelekileyo zinokunyangwa ngaphandle kokuya kumboneleli wezempilo, kukho amayeza amaninzi okhohlela ongawathenga kwindawo ekuthengiswa kuyo amayeza ngaphandle kwencwadi kagqirha. Ezinye ze-OTC eyaziwayo, unyango olukhawulezayo lokukhohlela lubandakanya:

• I-Pseudoephedrine: Iyeza le-OTC elikhupha ukuxinana kwempumlo. Eyona brand ithandwayo yiSudafed(Iikhuphoni ezifihliweyo | Yintoni iSudafed?). Ngenxa yokuba inokunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi, iSudafed kufuneka ibekwe esweni kwabo banexinzelelo lwegazi okanye ezinye iingxaki zentliziyo. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zibandakanya ukuba nochuku, ubukrakra, kunye noxinzelelo. Qaphela: Kukho amazwe aliqela afuna ukumiselwa oku kwaye lonke ilizwe liyigcine ngasemva kwekhawuntara yekhemesti. Kuya kufuneka ubonise isazisi xa uthenga.
• IGuaifenesin: Ihlala yaziwa ngegama layo lophawu iMucinex(Iikhuphoni zeMucinex | Yintoni iMucinex?), i-guaifenesin yiyo kuphela i-OTC expectorant ekhoyo ukunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu zokubanda. Isebenza ukukhulula ukuxinana kwesifuba kwaye ihlala idityaniswa nepseudoephedrine ukunciphisa iimpawu ezininzi. I-Guaifenesin imele ukunceda i-mucus encinci, yenze kube lula ukukhwehlela i-mucus okanye i-phlegm, nangona iingxelo ziyahluka ngokwendlela yokusebenza kwayo. Ukusela amanzi amaninzi xa ugula ukhohlela ngenxa yosulelo kunokuba luncedo.
• Dextromethorphan : Isicinezeli sokukhohlela esichaphazela imiqondiso esengqondweni ebangela ukukhwehlela okukhoyo. I-Dextromethorphan isetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukukhwehlela kwaye iyafumaneka kwikhawuntara kwisiraphu, icapsule, ukutshiza, ithebhulethi kunye nefom ye-lozenge. Kukwakhona nakuninzi lwamayeza kunye nokudibanisa amayeza. Amagama e-brand aqhelekileyo aquka iRobafen Cough (iRobitussin) kunye neVicks Dayquil Cough. Akucetyiswa ukuba kubantwana abancinci abangaphantsi kweminyaka emine ubudala. Umthamo wabantu abadala uyahluka ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni ulwakhiwo lukhawuleze- okanye lukhululwe. Elona dosi liphezulu yi-120 ml kwiiyure ezingama-24.
• Ukunciphisa iintlungu: UTylenol (iacetaminophen)(Amatikiti eTylenol | Yintoni iTylenol?)kunye neAdvil (ibuprofen)(Advil amatikiti | Yintoni iAdvil?)zinokunceda zombini ukunciphisa ukubanda kunye neempawu zomkhuhlane, njengokunciphisa umkhuhlane kunye nehlaba lomzimba.

Ezinxulumene : Ukukhuseleka ngokuchasene noMucinex

Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba amayeza okukhohlela e-OTC awasebenzi kuwe, kwaye iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mbi okanye ziqhubeke, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela amayeza ukuba akuncede. Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuba oonobangela abaqhelekileyo bokukhohlela zizifo eziphezulu zokuphefumla, kwaye ezi zixhaphakileyo zibangelwa ziintsholongwane, akunakulindeleka ukuba ugqirha wakho amisele naziphi na i-antibiotics njengonyango lokukhohlela. I-antibiotics isetyenziselwa kuphela ukusuleleka kubhaktheriya, njenge-strep throat.

Ukuba unakhohlokhohlo ongenakukushukumisa kwaye kuhlala ngaphezulu kweeveki ezintathu, jonga ugqirha wakho kwaye ujonge imeko enokubakho yemeko enokuthi ifune ukunyangwa ngamayeza kagqirha.

Ngawaphi amayeza amnandi okukhohlela?

Nangona, kukho amayeza amaninzi okukhwehlela emarikeni nantsi umboneleli wakho wokhathalelo lwempilo unokumisela ukukhwehlela okukhawulezayo kunye nentlungu:

Eyona nyango ilungileyo yokukhwehlela
Igama leziyobisi	Ngaba kunconyelwe abasetyhini abakhulelweyo?	Kuvunyelwe abantwana?	Ingaba isebenza kanjani
Ikhowudi	Hayi. Usana lunokuxhomekeka kwiiopioid, kwaye ichiza linokudluliselwa kubisi lwebele.	Hayi. Ukusukela ngo-2018, ikhowudiine iyaphikiswa kubantwana abangaphantsi kwe-18 nge I-FDA .	Isithinteli sokukhohlela se-opioid.
Iiparele zeTessalon (benzonate)	I-N / A-FDA Udidi lokukhulelwa C (alwaziwa ukuba lunokwenzakalisa usana olungekazalwa okanye luthi lungcolise ubisi lwebele).	Hayi, unganiki abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-10 ubudala ngaphandle kwesikhokelo sezonyango. Ingabulala abantwana.	Iyancipha kwiindawo zemiphunga nasemqaleni, ize inciphise nokukhohlela.
I-Tussionex PennKinetic (i-hydrocodone-chlorpheniramine)	N / A – FDA Udidi lokukhulelwa C (alwaziwa ukuba luyonzakalisa olungekazalwa okanye ludlula kubisi lwebele). Iintsana zinokuxhomekeka kwichiza. Thetha nogqirha wakho.	Hayi ayinakusetyenziswa ngabantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 ubudala.	IHydrocodone sisicinezeli sokukhohlela esinciphisa imiqondiso yokukhohlela engqondweni. I-Chlorpheniramine yi-antihistamine ecutha ifuthe le-histamines emzimbeni.
Ukukhuthaza (promethazine)	N / A – FDA Udidi lokukhulelwa C (olungaziwa ukuba ngaba ingozi inokuza kwimveku okanye ukuba ingcolisa ubisi lwebele).	Ewe. Inokutsalwa ngononophelo kubantwana abangaphezulu kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala.	Ukhohliso ucinezela kunye ne-antihistamine.
IHydromet (hydrocodone-homatropine)	Hayi. Usana lunokuxhomekeka kwiiopioid, kwaye amayeza anokuhanjiswa ngobisi lwebele.	Hayi ayinakusetyenziswa ngabantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 ubudala.	Ukucofa ukukhwehlela kwe-Opioid kunye ne-antihistamine.
Iphenergan ngeCodeine (i-promethazine-codeine)	Hayi. Usana lunokuxhomekeka kwiiopioid, kwaye amayeza anokuhanjiswa ngobisi lwebele.	Hayi ayinakusetyenziswa ngabantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 ubudala.	Ukucofa ukukhwehlela kwe-Opioid kunye ne-antihistamine.
IHydrocodone-acetaminophen	Hayi. Usana lunokuxhomekeka kwiiopioid, kwaye amayeza anokuhanjiswa ngobisi lwebele.	Ewe. Inokutsalwa ngononophelo kubantwana abangaphezulu kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala.	Ukuthintela ukukhwehlela kwe-opioid kunye nentlungu.

Fumana ikhuphoni kagqirha

Sicebisa ukuba uthethe nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uthathe naliphi na iyeza ngelixa ukhulelwe okanye uncancisa, okanye ngaphambi kokuba unike naliphi na iyeza abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-12 ubudala .

Ungalithatha njani iyeza lokukhohlela

Amayeza okukhohlela ayafumaneka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya iisiraphu, umgubo, iipilisi, iicapsule, kunye nezitshizi zempumlo. Rhoqo ifom ekulungeleyo kukukhetha kwakho. Umzekelo, abantwana abaninzi bayasokola ukugwinya iipilisi, ngakumbi xa benomqala obuhlungu, ngenxa yoko isiraphu inokuba yeyona ndlela ilungileyo.

• Iyeza lomkhuhlane: Ilungele abantu abadala kunye nabantwana abafuna ukukhululeka ngokukhawuleza kuneepilisi, kwabo banengxaki yokuqaqanjelwa ngumqala, kunye nabantwana abanengxaki yokuginya iipilisi.
• Umgubo: Ifana nesiraphu. Inceda amayeza asebenze ngokukhawuleza kwaye kulula ukuba abantwana bathathe ngomlomo.
• Iipilisi: Ilungele abantu abadala abafuna ukukhululeka okuzinzileyo imini yonke
• Ukufafaza impumlo: Kubantu abadala okanye abantwana abanomqala obuhlungu obathintelayo ekungeniseni iipilisi okanye ezinye iifom zomlomo ngokulula.
• Ukuhlahlela ukhohlela: Unceda ngokunciphisa ukukhwehlela. Amaconsi amaninzi okhohlela anciphisa ukungaphatheki kakuhle komqala kunye nezithako ezongeziweyo ezinje nge-menthol okanye ubusi.

Zeziphi ezona zilungiso zilungileyo ekhaya zokukhohlela?

Ngelixa maninzi amayeza afumanekayo ukunceda ukunciphisa ukukhwehlela kwakho, kukwakho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ekhaya ezingadingi mayeza kwaye zinokusebenza kakhulu. Unyango lokukhohlela lubandakanya:

• Ulwelo: Ulwelo lunceda ukunciphisa i-mucus emqaleni wakho. Iziselo ezishushu — njengomhluzi, iti, okanye incindi — zinokuwuthomalalisa umqala wakho.
• Ukuhlahlela ukhohlela: Banokuphungula ukukhwehlela owomileyo kunye nokuthomalalisa umqala ocaphukisayo. Zininzi iindidi zendalo ezikhoyo, ezine-menthol, ilamuni, i-zinc, ivithamin C, kunye nobusi.
• Busi: Itispuni yobusi inokunceda ukukhulula ukhohlokhohlo. Yongeza emanzini afudumeleyo kunye nemon ukuze ufumane isiphumo esongezelelekileyo.
• Vaporizers okanye humidifiers: Ukongeza ukufuma emoyeni kwenza kube lula kuwe ukuba uphefumle. Unokukhetha izinto ezimbalwa ngokwenza njalo. Ngentsasa, ungazenzela igumbi lakho elinomphunga ngokuvala ucango kwigumbi lakho lokuhlambela kwaye usebenzise amanzi ashushu kwishawari kangangemizuzu eliqela kude kube nezipili ezinkungwini. Umphunga unokukunceda ungavali impumlo nesifuba sakho. Ngokuhlwa, unokuqhuba i-vaporizer okanye i-humidifier kwigumbi lakho lokulala ukunqanda ubusuku obuphazamisekileyo obugcwele ukukhwehlela.
• Amachiza e-saline anganyangekiyo: Ukutshiza ngaphakathi kwempumlo yakho ngamachiza e-saline anganyangekiyo kunokususa i-mucus kunye nokukhulula impumlo exineneyo. Oku kuthintela ukuvuza kwempumlo okunokubangela ukukhohlela.
• Amanzi eTyuwa: Amanzi agalela ityuwa anokunciphisa i-phlegm kunye ne-mucus emqaleni wakho ebangela ukuba ukhwehlele.
• Ujinja: Eyaziwa ngokuba yimpembelelo echasayo, i-ginger icingelwa ukuba iyanciphisa ukukhwehlela. Zama ukongeza izilayi ezincinci emanzini afudumeleyo ukwenza iti yejinja.

Uninzi lwamaxesha e-counter-counter kunye namayeza asekhaya aya kulwa ngokufanelekileyo nokukhwehlela okucaphukisayo kodwa ukuba ukukhwehlela kuyaqhubeka okanye kuya kusiba mandundu kuya kufuneka wenze idinga nomboneleli wakho wezempilo. Kwaye kuhlala kungumbono olungileyo ukubonisana nomboneleli wakho wezempilo xa usela nawaphi na amayeza, nokuba yi-OTC okanye amayeza, ngakumbi ngaphambi kokuba ubanike abantwana.