Amayeza asi-8 abangela ukuqhina

Imfundo yezeMpilo

Iimpawu zokuqhinwa kunye noonobangela | Amayeza abangela ukuqhina | Ungakuthintela njani ukuqhina | Unyango lokuqhinwa

Ukuqunjelwa ngumcimbi oqhelekileyo wokugaya ukutya. Malunga 16% yabantu eUnited States kunye nesinye kwisithathu sabo bangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 bakhalaza ngokuqhinwa okungapheliyo. Phakathi kuka-2006 no-2011, ukuqhina kubalwa ngaphezulu kwe- 700,000 Ukuya kwigumbi likaxakeka.

Iimpawu zokuqhinwa zibandakanya:

• Ngaphantsi kwamathathu amathumbu ngeveki
• Ezincinci, ezinzima, izitulo ezomileyo ekunzima okanye kubuhlungu ukudlula kuzo
• Isidingo sokucinezela ngokugqithileyo ukuze ube nokuhamba kwamathumbu

Abanye abantu bafumana iintlungu esiswini xa bequnjelwe, ngakumbi emva kokutya. Abanye banokuba nesicaphucaphu, ukugabha, iintloko, okanye bazive bengaphilanga.

Zininzi Unobangela wokuqhinwa kubandakanya:

• Ukutya okune-fiber encinci (ngakumbi ukutya okuninzi kwinyama, ubisi, okanye itshizi)
• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni
• Ukuhlala nje kuphela
• Ukungahoyi okanye ukulibazisa umnqweno wokuzikhupha
• Uhambo kunye neshedyuli yotshintsho
• Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwesiyobisi
• Intlungu okanye ukungaphatheki kakuhle malunga nomva
• Umhlaza womzimba
• Ukukhulelwa
• Iimeko zonyango ezinje ngengqumbo yamathumbu evuthayo, i-diverticulosis, i-hypothyroidism, amanqanaba aphezulu egazi le-calcium, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo, isifo sika-Parkinson, kunye nokwenzakala kwethambo lomqolo.

Ukuqunjelwa kunokuba sisiphumo esisecaleni samayeza owathathayo. Ukuqhina okubangelwa ngamayeza kuqheleke kakhulu kwezi ntsuku, ngokwe UBryan Curtin, MD , Umlawuli we-neurogastroenterology kunye ne-motility, kwiziko lezonyango iMercy. Abantu bathatha amayeza amaninzi kunangaphambili, kwaye ngenxa yokuba uninzi lwamayeza aneprofayili ebanzi, ukumisela oogqirha bahlala bekungahoyi ukuqunjelwa njengesiphumo esibalulekileyo xa kuthelekiswa nezona zinzima. Akuqhelekanga ukuba abantu baninzi kunamayeza amane okanye amahlanu anokunyusa ukuqunjelwa, kwaye oku akubandakanyi ii-opioids, ezinokuthi zonakalise ngokupheleleyo iphecana le-GI.

Ukuqunjelwa kungonwabi, kodwa kunokukhokelela kwi iingxaki njenge:

• Iimpawu
• Ukopha ngokufihlakeleyo
• Ukuqhekeka kwe-anal
• Ukudlula okungafakwanga
• Impembelelo yelindle

Xa amanyathelo alondolozayo, anje ngotshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo, ukunyuka kokuhambisa amanzi, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamayeza e-laxatives kungaphumeleli, abaguli kufuneka babonwe ngugqirha wokhathalelo lokuqala okanye ugqirha wegastroenterologist, utshilo uGqirha Curtin. Oku kuyinyani, ngakumbi ukuba ukuqhinwa kukhatshwa zezinye iimpawu ezibalulekileyo, ezinje ngokuba isicaphucaphu, iintlungu esiswini, okanye ukwehla kobunzima obungalindelekanga.

Amayeza asi-8 abangela ukuqhina

1. Intlungu ye-opioid iyancipha
2. Izidakamizwa ezichasayo ezichasayo (i-NSAID)
3. AmaNtsholongwane
4. I-Tricyclic yoxinzelelo
5. Amayeza okungahambelani nomchamo
6. Izixhobo zentsimbi
7. Unyango lwegazi
8. Amayeza anti-isicaphucaphu

1. Intlungu ye-opioid iyancipha

Ikwabizwa ngokuba zii-narcotic, iiopioids zinyanga iintlungu eziqatha kwaye ezingakhange ziphuculwe kunye nezinye, amayeza eentlungu aqatha. Ziyasebenza ekuthomalaliseni iintlungu, kodwa zinokuba yimikhwa yazo kwaye zibe nezinga eliphezulu lokuxhatshazwa. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka usebenzise i-opioids kuphela phantsi kononophelo ngqo lwengcali yezempilo. Ukunciphisa iintlungu ze-opioid eziqhelekileyo kubandakanya:

• I-Tylenol ene-codeine (i-acetaminophen-codeine)
• Ukuhlala ixesha elide (fentanyl transdermal)
• Lorcet, Vicodin, Norco (hydrocodone)
• I-Dilaudid (i-hydromorphone)
• Idemerol (meperidine)
• Imofini
• I-Oxycontin (i-oxycodone)
• IPercocet (i-oxycodone-acetaminophen)
• I-Ultram (tramadol)

Izigulana ezininzi kwii-opioids zamava angapheliyo ukuqhina okubangelwa yi-opioid (OIC.) Iyaqwalaselwa njengeyona ngxaki ibalulekileyo yokugaya ukutya kunye nenye yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-opioids. Ingakhubaza kwaye sisizathu esiqhelekileyo sokuba abantu bayeke ukuthatha amayeza, ngokwe-a ingxelo epapashwe ngo-2019 . Cinga ukubuza ugqirha wakho ukuba ungaqala i-laxative ngaxeshanye ne-opioid.

2. Ii-NSAID

Ii-NSAID zezona nyango zichazwe kakhulu kunyango lwe-arthritis, ngokwe IAmerican Academy yoNyango lwamaTyholo . Zikwasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa umkhuhlane, ukudumba, kunye neentlungu ezixineneyo. Olu hlobo lwamayeza lubandakanya:

• I-Aspirin
• Imotrin, Advil (ibuprofen)
• UAleve, uNaprosyn (naproxen)
• ICelebrex (celecoxib)

3. Ii-antihistamines

Antihistamines ukunciphisa iimpawu komzimba. Xa une aleji kwinto ethile, umzimba wakho ukhupha ii-histamines ezibangela ukuxinana, ukuvuza impumlo, ukuthimla, ukurhawuzelela, ukudumba kweempumlo, urhashalala, irhashalala, okanye ukurhawuzelela namehlo aqhuqha. Ama-antihistamines aqhelekileyo e-over-the-counter (OTC) abandakanya:

• IChlor-Trimeton (chlorpheniramine)
• Unisom (diphenhydramine okanye doxylamine)
• I-Vicks QlearQuil yeXesha lasebusuku loNcedo lwe-Allergy (diphenhydramine)
• IClaritin (iloratadine)
• IBenadryl (diphenhydramine)
• Allegra (fexofenadine)
• IZyrtec (cetirizine)
• Xyzal (levocetirizine)

4. I-Tricyclic antidepressants

I-Tricyclic antidepressants yiklasi yamayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga uxinzelelo. Basebenza ngokwandisa amanqanaba e-norepinephrin kunye ne-serotonin kunye nokuthintela isenzo se-acetylcholine. Ngokulinganisa ezi zintathu ze-neurotransmitters, i-tricyclic antidepressants ukunciphisa uxinzelelo. Kukho amayeza amatsha oxinzelelo kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa; Nangona kunjalo, ezi tricyclic zokulwa noxinzelelo zisebenza ngcono kwabanye abantu. Ezinye iimveliso eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• UTofranil (imipramine)
• IVivactil (iprotextlineline)
• I-Elavil (amitriptyline)
• I-Pamelor (inortriptyline)

5. Amayeza okungahambelani nomchamo

Amayeza okuchama ukungasebenzi kakuhle e-Urinary aphatha isinyi kunye nezinye iimeko ezinokubangela ukuvuza kwesinyi okanye ukuchama rhoqo. Le meko ixhaphake kakhulu kubafazi kunamadoda; Nangona kunjalo, inokwenzeka nakumadoda. Enye yezona meko zixhaphakileyo ezibonwayo kunyango lokuqala, ngokuka IAmerican Academy yoGqirha boSapho .

La mayeza asebenza ngokunciphisa i-bladder spasms okanye ahlaziye umsipha wodonga lwesinyi, ukuvumela ukuba ibambe umchamo ngakumbi kwaye ikhuphe ngokupheleleyo. Ezinye zezona ziqhelekileyo zichazwe ngamachiza okungahambisani nomchamo zibandakanya:

• I-Ditropan, i-Ditropan XL (i-oxybutynin)
• I-Detrol, iDetrol LA (itolterodine)
• Inamandla (darifenacin)
• IMyrbetriq (mirabegron)
• IFlomax (tamsulosin)

6. Izixhobo zentsimbi

Izongezo zentsimbi zinyanga i-anemia kunye nokusilela kwentsimbi. Ziyafumaneka kwikhawuntara. Iifom ezisetyenziswa rhoqo zentsimbi kwizongezo zibandakanya:

• I-FeroSul (i-ferrous sulfate)
• Ngokubanzi (i-gluconate ene-ferrous)
• Citrate enefriji
• Isalphate yesithambiso

7. Amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi

Zimbini iintlobo zamayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi ezibangela ukuqhina: i-calcium channel blocker kunye ne-beta blockers. Iicalcium channel blockers zisebenza ngokwandisa imithambo, nto leyo enciphisa iinzame ekufuneka zenziwe yintliziyo yakho ukumpompa igazi. I-Beta blocker isebenza ngokunciphisa isantya sentliziyo yakho, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi.

Iibhlokhi zesitayile seCalcium zibandakanya:

• INorvasc (amlodipine)
• I-Plendil (felodipine)
• ICardene (nicardipine)
• I-Adalat CC, iProcardia XL (nifedipine)
• ICardizem, iTiazac, iDilt-XR (ideltiazem)

Iibhloko eziqhelekileyo ze-beta zibandakanya:

• Lopressor, iTrolrol XL (metoprolol)
• I-tenormin (atenolol)
• ICorgard (nadolol)
• Inderal (iprranranol)

8. Amayeza okunyanga isicaphucaphu

Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-anti-emetics, iyeza lokuthintela isicaphucaphu livimba iindlela ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni wakho ezibangela isicaphucaphu nokugabha. Oku kubandakanya:

• I-Serotonin (5-HT3) abachasi
• Abachasi be-NK-1
• Abachasi beDopamine
• IiCannabinoids

Amayeza aqhelekileyo asetyenziselwa ukunyanga isicaphucaphu abandakanya:

• UZofran (ondansetron)
• Reglan (imetoclopramide)
• Lungisa (i-aprepitant, fosaprepitant)
• I-Tigan (trimethobenzamide)
• IMarinol (idronabinol)
• ISyndros (idronabinol)

Fumana ikhadi lesaphulelo somntu ongatshatanga

Ungakuthintela njani ukuqhina okubangelwa ngamayeza

Ayinguye wonke umntu oya kuthi aqhinwe xa esebenzisa la mayeza. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka wazi ngeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho kunye nento onokuyenza ukunqanda ukuqhina.

Ngokubanzi, ufuna ukuqiniseka ukuba uhlanjululwe kakuhle ngamanzi, hayi ikofu okanye iziselo ezinekhabhon, utshilo uGqirha Curtin. Ukwafuna ukuba nenani elisempilweni lefayibha ekutyeni kwakho kwaye uzame ukunciphisa ukutya okucwangcisiweyo. Kufanelekile ukubuza ugqirha wakho ukuba ngaba kukho ezinye iiarhente ezizezinye. I-calcium channel blockers, esetyenziselwa uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, njenge-diltiazem, umzekelo, badume ngokubangela ukuqhina. Ukuba kukho olunye udidi lwamayeza olunokunyanga ingxaki esempilweni, kuya kufuneka ubuncinci unikwe ukhetho.

Ngethamsanqa, kukho iindlela ezithile ezilula zokuthintela ukuqhina.

Yitya ukutya okunesinga eliphezulu

Faka ukutya okune-fiber ephezulu ekutyeni kwakho, njenge:

• Imifuno : Iilentile, iimbotyi zezintso, ii-ertyisi ezahlukileyo, iichickpeas, iimbotyi ezimnyama, iimbotyi zelima
• Imifuno Iminqathe, ii-beet, i-broccoli, i-artichokes, i-Brussels sprouts, i-kale, isipinashi, iitumato, iitapile.
• Iziqhamo : Ii-apile, ii-prunes, amapere, istrawberry, iavokhado, iirisbheri, iibhanana
• Iinkozo : Iquinoa, i-oats, ipopcorn, nayiphi na enye ingqolowa
• Amandongomane nembewu Iialmonds, imbewu ye-chia, coconut, pistachios, walnuts, imbewu kajongilanga, imbewu yethanga
• D itshokholethi yomkhombe Umxholo weCocoa wama-70% ukuya kuma-95% okanye ngaphezulu

Ukuba ukutya kwakho kuphantsi kwifayibha, ungathetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokongeza isongezo sefayibha.

Sela amanzi amaninzi

Amanzi adlala indima enkulu ekugcineni umzimba wakho usempilweni. Kubalulekile ukugcina ilindle lihamba emathunjini. Nangona uninzi lwabantu luvile ukuba kufuneka usele iiglasi zamanzi ezintandathu ukuya kwezisibhozo ngosuku, kusenokungafuneki ukuba uzidle kakhulu. Iikomityi ezine ukuya kwezintandathu zamanzi ngosuku ngokubanzi zanele abantu abasempilweni, ngokwe Ezempilo zeHarvard .

Amanye amayeza abangela ukuba ugcine amanzi, kwaye iimeko ezithile zempilo zifuna ukuba unciphise ukutya kwakho okungamanzi. Ukuba uthatha amayeza abangela ukuqhina, kuya kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba ungasela kangakanani amanzi.

Zilolonge rhoqo

Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kunokunciphisa ixesha elithathwa kukutya ukuhamba emathunjini amakhulu. Umzekelo, umthambo we-aerobic ukhawulezisa ukuphefumla kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo, okukhuthaza ukusikwa kwendalo kwezihlunu zamathumbu, ukuhambisa isitulo ukuphuma emathunjini ngokukhawuleza.

Mamela umzimba wakho

Umzimba wakho ngokwendalo ukuxelela xa ilixesha lokuba ubambe intshukumo. Abanye abantu bazama ukuyibamba bade babe sekhaya okanye kwigumbi lokuhlambela bodwa. Ukungahoyi umnqweno kunokubangela ukuqunjelwa, ngokwe IZiko leLizwe ngokuDala .

Misela imikhwa yamathumbu rhoqo

Ukuqeqeshwa kwakhona kwamathumbu yenye yeendlela zokuseka inkqubo yesiqhelo. Elona xesha lilungileyo lokuhamba kwamathumbu yimizuzu engama-20 ukuya kwengama-40 emva kwesidlo. Zama ukuba nokuhamba kwamathumbu yonke imihla ngaxeshanye. Ukuvuselelwa kwedijithali kunokunceda. Sebenzisa le ndlela yonke imihla de ube ubeka inkqubo yesiqhelo.

Ndingenza ntoni ukuze ndiqhinwe?

Ukongeza kutshintsho lwendlela yokuphila, kukho ii-laxatives ezingaphezulu kwekhawuntareni kunye namachiza amiselweyo ukuze anciphise ukuqunjelwa. Njengawo nawaphi na amayeza, kubalulekile ukuba ufune iingcebiso zonyango ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise i-laxatives. Ngalo lonke ixesha funda isikhokelo samayeza ngaphambi kokusebenzisa nayiphi na kwezi mveliso zilandelayo. Ngelixa kukho amayeza abangela ukuqhina, amanye anokubangela ezinye iingxaki zokwetyisa, njengokukhathazeka sisisu, ukugabha kunye norhudo. Nxibelelana nogqirha wakho ukuba uvela kurhudo, kuba inokuba luphawu lokungasebenzi kakuhle kwelindle.

I-laxatives engaphezulu kwekhawuntareni

I-laxatives esekwe kwifayibha , ikwabizwa ngokuba ziifom zobuninzi, yongeza amanzi kwizitulo zakho ukubenza bathambe. I-laxatives eziqhelekileyo ezisekwe kwifayibha zibandakanya:

• IFiberCon (calcium polycarbophil)
• ICitrucel (imethylcellulose fiber)
• IMetamucil, iKonsyl (psyllium)
• Izibonelelo (ingqolowa dextrin)

Izithambisi zesitulo , ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-laxatives emollient, yongeza ukufuma kwizitulo zakho ukwenza kube lula ukuzidlula. Izithambisi eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo zibandakanya:

• IColace, iDulcolax Stool Softener (uxwebhu lwesodium)

I-laxatives ekhuthazayo sebenza ngokuvuselela imithambo-luvo kwindawo yakho yokwetyisa, ukubangela izihlunu emathunjini akho amakhulu ukuba zenze isivumelwano, ukutyhala isitulo sakho. Ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa laxatives evuselelayo:

• ICorrectol, iDucodyl, iDulcolax (bisacodyl)
• I-Ex-Lax, iSenokot (i-sennosides)

I-Osmotic laxatives tsala amanzi kwizicwili ezijikelezileyo uye kumgudu wakho wokugaya ukutya ukuze kube lula kwisitulo ukudlula emathunjini. I-osmotic laxatives esetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo ibandakanya:

• Ubisi lweMagnesia (i-magnesium hydroxide)
• I-Miralax (i-polyethylene glycol 3350)

Amayeza amiselweyo ukuqhina

Kubantu abaninzi, ukwenza utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila kunye nokusebenzisa ii-laxatives ezingaphezulu kwekhawunta kuya kunceda ukunciphisa ukuqhina. Wonke umntu imikhwa yamathumbu yahlukile kodwa. Umzekelo, esinye isigulana sinokusetyenziselwa ukuba nesinye-okanye nangaphezulu-sokuhamba kwamathumbu ngemini ngelixa esinye isigulana sinokusetyenziselwa ukuhamba kwamathumbu rhoqo ngeentsuku ezimbalwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo oogqirha Chaza ukuqhina njengokuhamba kwamathumbu amathathu okanye ambalwa ngeveki. Kwimeko yokuqhinwa okanye ukuqhina okungapheliyo, ababoneleli ngezempilo banokuyalela elinye lala machiza alandelayo:

• Cephulac, Kristalose (lactulose)
• I-Linzess (linaclotide)
• I-Trulance (iplacanatide)
• Ukuthambisa (prucalopride)

Amachiza amiselweyo amayeza okuqunjelwa opioid abandakanya:

• IMovantik (naloxegol)
• Ukudibana (methylnaltrexone)
• Amitiza (lubiprostone)
• I-symproic (naldemedine)