Ibala lezempilo yengqondo-kunye nendlela yokoyisa

Imfundo yezeMpilo

Ukuchaza ibala | Kutheni kuyingxaki | Amanyathelo amanyathelo okuphelisa | Unyango lukhona | Ukuxhasa abahlobo kunye nosapho

Ibala lezempilo yengqondo yingxaki enkulu eyenza ukuba abantu abaninzi abafuna unyango babe neentloni zokulufumana. Nantsi into onokuyenza ukuyinciphisa kunye neenketho ezikhoyo ukuba ufuna uncedo.

Owona mqobo ubalulekileyo ekufuneka woyiswe eluntwini libala kunye nocalucalulo olunxulumene nabantu abanengxaki yengqondo nokuziphatha. -Isahluko se-4, 2001 seNgxelo yezeMpilo, uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO)

Ehlabathini lonke, impilo yengqondo isengqondweni yeengcali zonyango kunye nabemi abaqhelekileyo ngokufanayo. Kuyacaca ukuba iimeko zempilo yengqondo zichaphazela izigidi-kwaye ulwazi luyakhula ukuba abantu abaneengxaki zempilo yengqondo abagcini ngokuba ngabantu abaphambeneyo, abayingozi, okanye abangalunganga. Kodwa le nkqubela phambili isiya ekuhleni kwaye yamkele ikamva ayinaziphazamiso.

Ibala lihlala liphakathi kwezithintelo ezingapheliyo kubantu abaphila nemeko yempilo yengqondo. Uphando lwezonyango lubonisa ukuba ukugula ngengqondo kuyinyani, kwaye akukho nto ukuba neentloni ngayo-kodwa abantu abaninzi bayayikhaba le ngcamango, kunye nalo naluphi na uphawu lweengxaki zempilo yengqondo eluntwini okanye kubomi babo. Zininzi izizathu zokuba abantu bayakwala ukugula ngengqondo, ukusuka kulwazi olungeyonyani olusisiseko ukuya kucalucalulo ekujoliswe kulo.

Ngamanye amaxesha abantu abangenalwazi basasaza iintsomi kunye nokuzithemba malunga neengxaki zempilo yengqondo. Oku kwenza ibala elijikeleze impilo yengqondo ngokubanzi liqhubeke ngakumbi. Inokuba yingozi ngakumbi kwabo bangenakho ukufikelela rhoqo kulwazi oluthembekileyo nolucingayo ngempilo yengqondo ephikisa ukungaqondi okuqhelekileyo. Ingade ibangele ukuzenzela ibala, ukubekwa ngaphakathi kweendlela ezimbi kwabo baneengxaki zengqondo.

Kubalulekile ukwala ukubekwa ibala lezempilo yengqondo kunye neendlela ezingezizo kuzo zonke iintlobo zazo. Ukwazi ukuba ibala yingxaki enkulu akwanele. Utshintsho lwenzeka kuphela ngezenzo.

Amaqela ezentlalo kunye noluntu kufuneka badibane ukuze baphelise ukubekwa ibala kwezempilo yengqondo. Oko kuthetha ukuba gqolo wabelana ngolwazi oluhlaziyiweyo lwempilo yengqondo nabahlobo kunye nabamelwane. Funda ukumamela ngokufanelekileyo kwabo baphila nesifo sengqondo kunye nokuthetha ngesihloko kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ezi ntshukumo zinokwakha uthungelwano lwenkxaso olwehlisa ngokufanelekileyo isithintelo esibi kunye nokwenza ngcono abo banesidingo ukuba bafune uncedo olubafaneleyo.

Ukuchaza ibala lempilo yengqondo

Uninzi lwabantu aluyiqondi ngokupheleleyo ibala lezempilo yengqondo. Ngaphambi kokutsiba entloko-kuqala kwimizamo yokulwa ibala, unokufuna ukuthatha inyathelo okanye amabini umva. Okokuqala, zama ukuqonda ububanzi obanzi kunye nomxholo wentetho yangoku. Umzekelo, kufanelekile ukufunda nokusebenzisa isigama esifanelekileyo. Inokukunceda ube liqabane elingcono kwabo baphila nesifo sengqondo.

Ibala ngokubanzi

Ukuqonda ukubekwa ibala kwempilo yengqondo, kufuneka uqonde ukuba kuthetha ntoni ukubekwa ibala, nokuba kunokubenzakalisa njani abantu. Ukubekwa ibala eluntwini yimilinganiselo esebenzayo okanye yokwenziwa esetyenziselwa ukucalucalula umntu ngokusekwe kwiimpawu zakhe ezibonakalayo. I-stigmas kwezentlalo inokujolisa kuzo zombini iimpawu ezinokutshintsha nezingaguqukiyo, kubandakanya yonke into ukusuka kubuhlanga ukuya kwinqanaba lempilo yengqondo.

Uphando olunzulu malunga nobudlelwane obubekwe ibala lukhona. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo ukuyazi kukuba ukubekwa amabala phantse kuhlala kuva kwinqanaba elithile lokuhla kwentlalo ngenxa yeempawu zabo. Oku kunokubangela ukubekelwa bucala kunye nokuba yedwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, okanye nokuba kubangele ucalucalulo olugqithisileyo ezandleni zabasemagunyeni.

Ibala lezempilo yengqondo liwela kweli nqanaba. Abantu abaphila nesifo sengqondo banamava asebenzayo kunye nocalulo kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ichaphazela yonke into ukusuka kuthethathethwano lwasentlalweni ukuya kukhetho lwezindlu. Olu nyango lungalinganiyo lunokunciphisa kakhulu umgangatho wobomi kwaye lwenze kube nzima ngakumbi ukufuna unyango olululo.

Ibala elinxulumene nempilo yengqondo

Ibala lezempilo yengqondo likho ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kangangeenkulungwane. Iqhubekeka ngabantu, kodwa amajelo eendaba athandwayo kunye nezithethe zentlalo zikwaqinisa ukubekwa ibala kuluntu kwihlabathi liphela.

Ibala lezempilo yengqondo linamalungu amabini. Okokuqala, kukho okungabonakaliyo (okanye endaweni yoko, hayi-ngokucacileyo ngokomzimba) imeko yokugula kwengqondo. Intsingiselo, ngokungafaniyo nengalo eyaphukileyo, awukwazi ukubona ngokulula xa umntu edandathekile. Okwesibini, ukubonakaliswa kwekhefu lokugula ngengqondo kusekwe kwimilinganiselo yentlalo. Umzekelo, umntu okwisigaba se-manic bipolar unokuthetha kakhulu xa uphuma nabanye. Ithathiwe kunye, ezi zinto zingenza imeko yempilo yomntu enganyangekiyo okanye engalawulwa kakuhle ibonakale ingalindelekanga, okanye yoyike. Kwelinye icala, abanye abantu (ngokungafanelekanga) bakugcina ngaphakathi ukungaqiniseki njengesoyikiso, esinokubenza bakholelwe okanye basasaze ibala.

Nangona kuyinto eqhelekileyo, ibala lezempilo yengqondo akufuneki lamkelwe njengenxalenye yendalo kubomi bemihla ngemihla. I-stigmas yezempilo yengqondo, zombini ezinkulu nezincinci, ziyingozi kuyo yonke imbonakalo yazo kwaye zinokunciphisa ngokubonakalayo ukubanakho komntu ukuqonda imeko yakhe yempilo yengqondo kwaye afune uncedo olufanelekileyo xa kukho imfuneko.

Kutheni ibala liyingxaki enkulu

Ukuthi amabala ezempilo yengqondo yingxaki enkulu kukuzenza lula. Ngokwenyani, amabala empilo yengqondo ziingxaki ezibanzi nezigcweleyo ezinokuchaphazela phantse nayiphi na imeko yobomi bomntu. Ukuba ucwangcisa ukujongana nebala lezempilo yengqondo kwindawo ohlala kuyo nakwizangqa zentlalo, qiniseka ukuthatha ixesha lokuliqonda ngokupheleleyo ifuthe elibukhali lebala ngaphambi kokuzama ukulwa nalo.

Amahlazo empilo yengqondo awela kwizigaba ezibini ezibanzi: iindlela ukusasazeka kwebala kunye neziphumo zokubekwa amabala kwabo bantu bazifumanayo. Zombini ezi ndidi zibalulekile ekujonganeni ngokupheleleyo nokulungisa ibala.

Iindlela zibekwa ibala

Iindlela zokusasazeka kwebala zibonakala ngakumbi kunefuthe lazo kubantu abathile. Ezi zizenzo kunye namagama athi abe ngocalucalulo ngaphakathi nxamnye nabantu abagula ngengqondo-kwaye bangene kuyo yonke into ukusuka kwintetho yemihla ngemihla ukuya kumgaqo-nkqubo. Nangona olu luhlu lulandelayo aluphelelanga, ezi zezona ndlela zixhaphakileyo ekusasazeni ibala lezempilo yengqondo:

Iimpawu ezincinci

Amagama, kunye neentsingiselo zawo ezimbi, zinokuba nefuthe lokwenyani kwindlela umntu ophila nesifo sengqondo azibona ngayo, kunye nendlela uluntu olukhulu olujonga ngayo loo mntu. Indlela uluntu oluthetha ngayo ngempilo yengqondo kunye nokugula kwengqondo kunokuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo indlela esebenza ngayo kubantu abanamava kuyo.

I-Microaggressions ziimpawu ezincinci zomlomo (zombini ngabom nangokungenanjongo) ezinxibelelana nobutshaba okanye ukucalula kakubi iqela ekujoliswe kulo. I-Microaggressions inokuba ngengozi, okanye nokuba neenjongo ezintle, kodwa isenokucaphuka kumalungu eqela elichaphazelekayo.

Ukubiza umntu ophambeneyo okanye ukubabuza ukuba bawathathile na amayeza abo yimizekelo yokuchasana nemeko yempilo yengqondo.

I-Microaggressions ejolise kubantu abaphila nemeko yempilo yengqondo babelana ngokufana nolwimi lwesiNtu esetyenziselwa ukwahlula abantu abakhubazekileyo ngokwasemzimbeni (nangona benobuqhetseba obuncinci). Amagama achanekileyo kunye namabinzana ayahluka ukusuka kuseto ukuya kuseto, kodwa phantse zonke i-microaggressions zifuna ukungasebenzi okanye ukuhlazisa umntu ochaphazelekayo okanye iqela. Ezinye i-microaggressions zikwazisa uloyiko olungelulo malunga nokugula kwengqondo ngokubanzi.

I-Microaggressions yenye yeendlela ezithi zisasazeke ekuhlaleni-njengebala lempilo yengqondo- ukusasazeka kwizangqa zoluntu. Abanye abantu bathi ii-microaggressions zifuna ukuzijongela ngokwakho, ukuba abantu abachaphazelekayo babuthathaka kakhulu. Kodwa olo luvo alunamveliso kwintetho egxile ekuxhaseni abantu abaphila nesifo sengqondo.

Imiyalezo engalunganga

Imicroaggressions ziimeko ezithile zolwimi eziqhubela phambili ukubekwa kwebala kwimpilo yengqondo. Imiyalezo engeyiyo yindlela ebanzi yokusasaza amabala empilo yengqondo. Umxholo wonxibelelwano (uhlala usasazwa kwimithombo yeendaba edumileyo) osebenzela injongo enkulu yokusasaza uloyiko kunye nolwazi olungelulo malunga nempilo yengqondo kunye nabantu abaphila nesifo sengqondo.

Umzekelo, iinkqubo zikamabonwakude ezibonisa umntu one-schizophrenia njengoyingozi osasaza imiyalezo engeyiyo ngabantu abanale meko.

Imiyalezo engalunganga inokubangelwa kukungazi. Le fomu yenzeka rhoqo kubantwana nakubantu abadala abancinci abangayiqondi ngokupheleleyo imigaqo efanelekileyo yoluntu enxulumene nesigama sokugula ngengqondo. Olu hlobo lokungazi lunokuhlala ebudaleni ukuba alulungiswa ngobuchule.

Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwemiyalezo engeyiyo kukungazi ngabom kwabantu okanye amaqela abaziqondayo iziphumo, kodwa basebenzise ulwimi oluyingozi nangayiphi na indlela. Imithombo yeendaba yemveli kunye nemithombo yeendaba zentlalo zombini zisebenza kule ndawo, zigunyazisa ukuphindaphinda izimvo ezingezizo malunga nempilo yengqondo.

Olunye uphononongo olupapashwe kwiZiko lezeMpilo lezeMpilo (NIH) lafumanisa ukuba 39 Ipesenti yamaphephandaba aphambili e-U.S. ngempilo yengqondo yayimalunga nengozi nobundlobongela.

Omnye umzekelo yingxoxo ejikeleze ulawulo lwemipu kunye nommiselo eUnited States. Ngumxholo ongahambelaniyo, kodwa imithombo ethile yeendaba kunye namaqela enkxaso anciphisa intetho kumcimbi wokunyanga ukugula kwengqondo. Ngelixa ukuphucula imigangatho yempilo yengqondo kubalulekile, ukusebenzisa abantu abaphila neengxaki zempilo yengqondo njenge-scapegoat kudubulo oluninzi kusasaza amabala anobundlobongela ajolise kubo bonke abantu abaneemeko zempilo yengqondo.

Ukulebhelisha okungalunganga kunokuba yinxalenye yemiyalezo emibi. Oku kuhlala kubonwa xa kuxoxwa ngokugula kwengqondo kunye nobukho bayo ebomini bomntu. Ngokwesiko, amabinzana anjenge-schizophrenic man okanye i-bipolar woman yayiqhelekile. Ngoku, ulwimi lomntu lokuqala kwintetho enxulumene nokukhubazeka luyakhethwa. Amabinzana anjengomntu onesifo sokudakumba ayamkelwa (okanye ayimfuneko, njengoko kubonisiwe kwizikhokelo zesitayile ezininzi nezikarhulumente).

I-socioeconomics, ingqesho kunye nezindlu

Abantu abaphila neemeko zempilo yengqondo (bobabini bafunyaniswa bengafunyaniswanga) bathambekele ekuweleni kwizibiyeli ezisezantsi kwezentlalo noqoqosho zihlala zichaphazeleka kwimpembelelo yexesha elide yokugula kwengqondo. Oku kungakhokelela kukucalucalulo olunqamlezileyo kwabo banocalucalulo olubi kwabo bahluphekileyo.

Isimo esisezantsi kwezoqoqosho phakathi kwabantu abagula ngengqondo sisuka kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ucalucalulo kulwakhiwo nengqesho. Inkqubo ye- Umanyano lukaZwelonke malunga nokugula ngengqondo uxela ukuba ubukho besifo sengqondo (okanye umbono waso) bunokuthintela umntu ekufumaneni amathuba alinganayo engqesho.

Ukuthetha ngokubanzi, oku kungafani ekuqeshweni kwenzeka ngenxa yokuqonda komqeshi ukuba abantu abagula ngengqondo abalawulwa ngokupheleleyo kwezenzo zabo, utsho umbhali we-NAMI uLuna Greenstein. Kwangelo xesha, aba baqeshi banye babeka ityala elipheleleyo ngezenzo ezingaqhelekanga kulowo uza kuba ngumqeshwa endaweni yemeko yempilo, oko kunokuthetha ukungabandakanyi abagqatswa abafanelekileyo ukuba bangaqwalaselwa.

Ngenxa yezi zenzo zokukhetha ukuqesha, abasebenzi abanesifo sengqondo bahlala befumana umvuzo ophantsi kunabo basebenza nabo. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima ukunyuka kwileli, kwaye ufumane umvuzo ophakamileyo ngokulandelelana kwizikhundla ezizayo. Abantu abaneemeko ezithile zempilo yengqondo banamava okuqesha kunocalucalulo ngokuthe ngqo. Umzekelo, kukho iipesenti ezingama-70 ukuya kuma-90% yenqanaba lokungabikho kwemisebenzi phakathi kwabantu abane-schizophrenia, ngokwe- IZiko leSizwe lezeMpilo yeNgqondo .

Zimbalwa ii-asethi eziyimali ezenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukufumana izindlu ezifanelekileyo. Ucalucalulo olusemthethweni nolungekho mthethweni phakathi kwamaziko ezindlu kunye nabanini bepropathi luyenza mandundu ingxaki. Xa ushiywe ungalungiswanga, olu lucalulo lolwakhiwo lunokubangela ukungabi namakhaya kwaye bade bavalelwe kwiindawo ezinemithetho engqongqo yokungabi namakhaya.

Umthetho waseburhulumenteni, ofana noMthetho weZindlu oLungileyo ka-1968, uyilelwe ukuthintela ucalucalulo kubantu abathile kwiindidi ezithile ezikhuselweyo ezivela kuqeshiso lwezindlu kunye neendlela zokuthengisa. Abantu abakhubazekileyo bongezwa kolu khuselo njengenxalenye yomthetho waseMelika okhubazekileyo (ADA) umthetho ngo-1990. Kodwa, olu khuselo alunampazamo. Ucalucalulo olungacacanga lwezindlu kubantu abanesifo sengqondo lusenzeka.

Iziphumo zokubekwa amabala

Ukubekwa amabala kunefuthe elibi kubantu abaphila nesifo sengqondo. Iziphumo zalo zinokubakho kubukhali ukusuka ekwehliseni ukuzixabisa ukuya ekungavumi ukuhlala ufune ukhathalelo lwempilo yengqondo. Olu luhlu lulandelayo lubandakanya ezinye zeempembelelo ezinokubakho zokuvezwa okuqhubekayo kubume bempilo yengqondo.

Ukunciphisa ukufikelela kunyango

Yinto eyamkelekileyo ukuba uninzi lweendlela zokukhubazeka kunye nokugula okungapheliyo kufanelekile ukunyangwa. Kwaye, abantu abaphila nokugula kunye nokukhubazeka abangenakunyangwa kufuneka banikwe lonke ithuba lokuphila ubomi obuzuzisa ngokupheleleyo ngokwabo. Ngelishwa, oku kuqonda akusasazekanga ngokupheleleyo kwimicimbi yezempilo yengqondo.

Abantu abanesifo sengqondo abanamathuba okufumana uncedo okanye amathuba onyango ngenxa yokubekwa amabala. Umzekelo, abantu abagula ngengqondo abonwa ngokungachanekanga njengoxanduva, okanye kulawulo lokukhubazeka kwabo. Ngenxa yoko, zibonwa njengangafanelekanga kangako kumathuba onyango.

Nokuba alikho ibala elincinci leemeko ezithile, ukusilela kokufikeleleka kwenzeka kuyo yonke ibhodi- kubantu abanesifo esinganyangekiyo, abakhubazekileyo kunye nabagula ngengqondo. Ukuba usebenza ukulungisa ezi ntsilelo kwindawo ohlala kuyo zama ukuba ubandakanywe kwaye unqamleze amacandelo kangangoko.

Iinkonzo zempilo yengqondo kufuneka zifumaneke ngokulula kwabo bazifunayo; olu hlobo lweemeko aluhlukanga kunolo lubangelwa kukugula emzimbeni. Ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo uhlala unempilo yengqondo, kubalulekile ukulwa ibala kwaye ufune uncedo lweengcali zempilo yengqondo. Abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abancinci bahlala bezabalazela ukunxibelelana neemvakalelo zabo ngokuchanekileyo, ke iingcali zononophelo lwempilo kunye nabazali bahlala beziphosa iimpawu zokuqala zeengxaki zempilo yengqondo okanye bazibhale njengezo zonke iintloko zabo. Oku kunokuthetha ukuba abafikisayo abasokolayo abafumani nkathalo yezempilo de kube kamva ebomini.

Xa befuna uncedo, abantu abanesifo sengqondo esingafunyaniswanga okanye esinganyangekiyo banokujongana nokusilela kolwakhiwo ngoncedo olufikelelekayo. Rhoqo, kukho ukunqongophala kwezixhobo zononophelo lwempilo zikawonke-wonke ezabelwe ngokukodwa ukugula kwengqondo kwingingqi ethile. Iinzame zokusombulula le ngxaki ziyaqhubeka kwiindawo ezininzi, kodwa ukubekwa amabala kwempilo yengqondo kunciphisa ukwanda.

Ukuzahlula kunye nokwenza ubuhlali

Ibala lezempilo yengqondo lisoloko kwaye liyaqhubeka ukubangela iimvakalelo zokuzahlula okungapheliyo phakathi kwabo bakufumanayo. Ayingoba bantu bafunyaniswe beneengxaki zempilo yengqondo. Nabani na onxibelelana ngqo nokugula ngengqondo, njengamalungu osapho abo baphila nemeko yempilo yengqondo, banokuziva bodwa.

Olu luvo lokuzahlula lubonisa ukubekwa ecaleni komntu wonke onemiceli mngeni kwezempilo, nokuba ingqondo okanye umzimba. Kodwa kunokuba ngumceli mngeni ngakumbi kubantu abaneemeko zempilo yengqondo ngenxa yendalo yabo engabonakaliyo. Xa ukugula kungabonakali ngamehlo, kulula ukuba uzive wahlukile, okanye uwedwa kwimizabalazo yakho.

Olu luvo lokuzahlula lunokwenzakalisa izakhono zentlalo kwaye lwenze kube nzima ukujongana neziganeko ezinzima ngaphandle kwenkxaso evela kubathandekayo okanye kuluntu. Ngaphezulu kwamaxesha ongezelelweyo, ukuzikhetha kuba yinxalenye yesiqhelo yokujonga umntu, kwaye kunokuhlisa isidima sakho okanye ukuqonda kwakho ukuzixabisa. Ezi ziphumo zingalunganga zinokuba nefuthe elibi kumgangatho wobomi bomntu ngamnye.

Ngamanye amaxesha, abantu abaphila nesifo sengqondo badakumbe. Intsingiselo, imeko yabo engapheliyo isetyenziselwa ukucalucalula abanye. Le ndlela ikhethekileyo yokubekwa ibala eluntwini ichaza ukuba umntu ophila nesifo sengqondo ngumntu omncinci ngandlel 'ithile kunabalingane bakhe be-neurotypical, kwaye usebenza kuphela ukwahlula umntu ngakumbi.

Imithombo yeendaba ethandwayo ngokwembali yabonisa iinjongo ezimbi zomenzi wobubi kwinqanaba elithile lokudideka. Nanamhlanje, iindaba zosasazo (zombini ngabom nangokungenanjongo) ngamanye amaxesha zidibanisa ukugula ngengqondo nobundlobongela (nangona kunjalo izigqibo ezininzi zesayensi debunk unxibelelwano).

Ukwamkelwa kunye nokufuna unyango

Ibala lezempilo yengqondo libanga iimvakalelo zokungoneliseki ekuhlaleni. Ibala likhuthaza abanye abantu ukuba bafune uncedo olufanelekileyo. Kwabanye abaninzi, ukubekwa amabala kuthintela ukubonwa kunye nonyango lweemeko zempilo yengqondo.

UPatrick Corrigan, uBenjamin Druss, kunye noDeborah Perlick biza oku kutheni uzama? isiphumo. Luhlobo lokuzibek 'amabala olwenza umntu akholelwe ukuba ukugula kwakhe ngengqondo kungumthwalo ongenakuphikiswa ongenakuze uphakanyiswe. Abantu banokuzama ukufihla isigulo sabo okanye bahlawule ngaphezulu ngobukho bayo. Oku kunokwenza imeko yabo ibe mandundu de bafune unyango olufanelekileyo.

Ngo-2011, kuphela malunga 60% yabantu abagula ngengqondo bafumana naluphi na unyango kunyango lwabo. Oku kungenxa yokwahluka kobume bobuthathaka kwinkqubo yokhathalelo lwempilo yengqondo, kodwa ikwabangelwa kukuzibeka amabala okuthintela abantu ekufuneni unyango olululo.

Ukunqongophala kwesifo kunye nonyango kukhokelela kwiziphumo ezibi kakhulu, njengoko bekunokwenzeka nakoluphi na uhlobo lwesifo esinganyangekiyo. Iingxaki zempilo yengqondo zithatha ixesha ukunyanga nokulawula, ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba uninzi lwabantu abachongiweyo kuya kufuneka ukuba bayilawule le meko ebomini babo bonke. Xa ibala eliqhubekayo lezempilo yengqondo licothisa unyango kwangexesha, linciphisa umgangatho wobomi.

Amanyathelo athathwayo okuphelisa ibala

Ibala lezempilo yengqondo, kunye neziphumo zalo eziyingozi, akufuneki ukuba zisisigxina. Maninzi amanyathelo onokuwathatha ukuxhasa iinzame zemibutho yabameli kwihlabathi liphela. Nangona ezi ndlela zingayi kuphelisa ibala ngempilo yengqondo ngobusuku nje obunye, ziya kuphucula intetho yangoku kunye nekamva yempilo yengqondo kwindawo ohlala kuyo.

Mamela kwaye uzifundise

Ngaphambi kokuba wenze umahluko kwindlela uluntu lwakho oluqonda ngayo impilo yengqondo, kufuneka umamele kwaye uzifundise. Impilo yengqondo ibaluleke kakhulu kubuntu kwaye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo zichaphazela umntu ngokwahlukileyo. Kubalulekile ukuba ufunde kubantu abanamava.

Funda iimemo ezichaza ubomi bemihla ngemihla ngemeko yempilo yengqondo . Thetha nabantu abaphila neengxaki zempilo yengqondo, ukuba wazi umntu ozimiseleyo. Phanda inkcazo engeyonyani yeemeko zempilo yengqondo. Sebenzisa imithombo yeendaba yeentsomi zangoku (kubandakanya imidlalo yevidiyo enje ngobusuku eWoods naseCeleste) ukukunceda uqonde ubunzima bempilo yengqondo.

Nokuba unamava ngempilo yengqondo, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokufunda. Intsimi yokhathalelo lwempilo yengqondo iguquka ngokukhawuleza njengoko uphando oluthe kratya lukhangela izizathu kunye nonyango. Ukuba ufuna ukusasaza ulwazi, kuya kufuneka uhlale unolwazi malunga nezinto ezenzekayo.

Thetha uviwe

Xa unethuba, thetha ngokubaluleka kokhathalelo lwempilo yengqondo kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo eziqhubekayo zokurhangqa. Ukuba uva umntu ethetha kakubi ngempilo yengqondo, musa ukuthula.

Kubalulekile ukulwa ulwimi olusasaza ukungathembani okanye ukuphikisana nabantu abagula ngengqondo. Umzekelo, ukuba uva umntu ebiza umntu ofunda naye okanye osebenza naye onempilo yengqondo, kubalulekile ukuba uthethe. Olu hlobo lolwimi oluhlekisayo (kwanokuhlekisa) luqhelekile ibala lezempilo yengqondo. Kufuneka ithintelwe okanye ijongiswe xa kunokwenzeka.

Ummeli

Ukuba ngummeli wempilo yengqondo yindlela ebonakalayo yokuzisa ingqalelo kwimiba yempilo yengqondo kunye nabo baphila nesifo sengqondo. Unokuba ngummeli kwizicwangciso ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya esikolweni okanye kwindawo yokusebenza, nakumaqonga ohlukeneyo, anje ngemidiya yoluntu, iibhlog, kunye neminyhadala yoluntu. Eminye imibutho, njengoMbutho weSizwe kwi-Mental Illness kunye ne-American Foundation yokuThintela ukuzibulala, banikezela ngoqeqesho olusemthethweni ngakumbi koonozakuzaku babo.

Eyona njongo iphambili yalo naliphi na inyathelo lokukhuthaza kufuneka libe kukuzisa ulwazi kunye nenkxaso yokongezwa kwamacandelo enkxaso ukuze kujongwane ngcono nokunyanyekelwa kwempilo yengqondo. Ngale ndlela, abameli banokunceda ekuqhubekeni phambili ukubuyisa ibala lempilo yengqondo yexesha elide kwaye bayitshintshe ngendawo yokuzibandakanya.

Sebenzisa ulwimi olungabeki bala

Elinye inyathelo elincinci elinokuthi lithathwe ngumntu ukuba alwe nebala lezempilo yengqondo kukutshintsha isigama sakho. Ngokukodwa, khumbula ukuphepha ukubekwa amabala kulwimi xa kunokwenzeka. Ezinye iilebheli eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya ukuphambana, ingqondo kunye nomlutha. Olu hlobo lolwimi alunamveliso kwaphela kwaye luyacaphukisa kakhulu (kuxhomekeke kumxholo).

Endaweni yayo, sebenzisa ulwimi olungabeki bala. La magama kunye namabinzana amkelwe ngokubanzi ngaphakathi kolondolozo lwempilo yengqondo. Intsingiselo, unokuzisebenzisa ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni iingcaciso ezimbi.

Soloko usebenzisa ulwimi lomntu wokuqala. Le yindlela yokwakha eyilelwe ukwahlula imeko yomntu okanye ukukhubazeka kubuntu bakhe. Umzekelo, ukuthi indoda ene-schizophrenia kufanelekile kunokuba ithi indoda ye-schizophrenic.

Iinketho ziyafumaneka kwabo bafuna uncedo

Ukhathalelo lwempilo yengqondo luphucula yonke imihla, njengoko abantu abaninzi befumana ukufikelela kunyango. Zintathu iindlela zonyango olusisiseko lweemeko zempilo yengqondo: unyango, amayeza kunye namaqela enkxaso. Zonke iindlela azisebenzi kubo bonke abantu, ke qiniseka ukudibana nogqirha wakho ukuze akufumane olona nyango lulungileyo.

Unyango

Unyango yenye yeendlela ezifikelelekayo nezinemveliso yokulawula iimeko zempilo yengqondo. Zininzi iintlobo zonyango, ezenza ukuba ibe yinto enokukhetha kuyo inani elikhulu labantu abaphila neengxaki zempilo yengqondo.

Unyango lwe-Cognitive-behaviour (CBT) yenye yezona zinto zikhethwa ngenxa yokuba inokuqhuba notshintsho lwengqondo kunye nokusebenza kubomi bomntu ekuhambeni kwexesha. Rhoqo, i-CBT isetyenziselwa ukulawula ukudakumba, unxunguphalo, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo-nangona kunokuba nemveliso kuluhlu olubanzi lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

Unyango lwangaphakathi lomntu luqhelekile kwaye luthathelwa ingqalelo kuba luququzelela ukubonakaliswa kweemvakalelo okunempilo. Nokuba uthini na uhlobo olukhethiweyo, unyango phantse luhlala lubandakanya unxibelelwano lomntu ngamnye kunye neengcali eziqeqeshiweyo neziqinisekisiweyo. Ingcali leyo inokuyila imithambo kunye nemisebenzi yokuziqhelisa ekhaya ukulawula impilo yengqondo.

Amaqela enkxaso

Njengonyango, amaqela enkxaso asebenzisa ingxoxo yobuso ngobuso ukunceda ukujongana nesifo sengqondo. Amaqela enkxaso ahlala egxila kuhlobo oluthile lokugula ngengqondo okanye ukubonwa kwabantu, njengoomama abaphila noxinzelelo, okanye abantu abadala abahlala ne-bipolar.

Zisisixhobo esihle kwabo bafuna uthungelwano olubanzi lwabahlobo ukuxhasa imizamo yabo yolawulo lwempilo yengqondo.

Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zamaqela enkxaso kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ukuthunyelwa kwabasebenzi basemkhosini ukujoyina amaqela enkxaso ngamava abo athile (ngakumbi lawo anxulumene ne-PTSD). Oomama abatsha banokudibana kumaqela enkxaso ukuze bajongane imiba eyahlukeneyo yempilo yengqondo emva kokubeleka. Namaqela enkxaso awaziwayo anje ngee-Alcoholics Anonymous angadlala indima ekuxhaseni ulawulo lwempilo yengqondo.

Amayeza

Amayeza yenye yeendlela ezithandwayo zokulawula impilo yengqondo. Amayeza alungile kwaye ayasebenza ekunyangeni iimeko ezibangelwa kukungalingani kwemichiza kwingqondo. Nangona kunjalo, ayingawo onke amayeza ezengqondo asebenza kuzo zonke izigulana. Eminye imigqaliselo inyusa ithuba lokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi okanye ineziphumo ebezingalunganga ezichaphazela kakubi imeko yemihla ngemihla kunye nokuba sempilweni.

Amayeza ezempilo yengqondo awela kwiindidi ezininzi ezibanzi: ii-antipsychotic, antidepressants, kunye neemood stabilizers. Uhlobo ngalunye lweziyobisi lunyanga imeko yohlobo olwahlukileyo, kwaye luneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezahlukeneyo. La mayeza ayasebenza, kodwa awanyangi iimeko zempilo yengqondo-athoba nje iimpawu. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nobungozi kunye neenzuzo ngaphambi kokuba uqale naliphi na iyeza elitsha.

Ezinxulumene : Ukufumana iyeza elifanelekileyo kwimpilo yakho yengqondo kuqala ngokufumana ugqirha ofanelekileyo

Ukuxhasa abahlobo kunye nosapho ngemicimbi yempilo yengqondo

Impilo yengqondo ngumba omkhulu. Ukubekwa amabala empilo yengqondo kungumqobo obalulekileyo kunyango kunye namathuba abantu abaphila nemeko yempilo yengqondo. Ukophula eli hlazo kunokuba nzima, kodwa kuzisa izibonelelo ezininzi, kubandakanya namathuba anyukayo kwabo baphila nesifo sengqondo ukuba bafumane unyango abalufunayo ukuze bonwabe kwaye baphile ubomi obanelisayo.

Ukuxhasa abahlobo kunye nosapho ngemicimbi yengqondo linyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo. Lixesha lokuba utshintshe indlela abantu abaziva ngayo eMelika nakwihlabathi liphela.