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Ngaba kufuneka ufumane isitofu sokugonya i-hepatitis B?

Imfundo yezeMpilo

I-Hepatitis B yintsholongwane enokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwisibindi, kubandakanywa nokuqhaqha okungapheliyo (i-cirrhosis), umhlaza wesibindi , ukusilela kwesibindi, isifo esinganyangekiyo sesibindi, nkqu nokufa. Kubangelwa yintsholongwane ye-hepatitis B (HBV), enokufumaneka egazini, amadlozi nakwezinye iincindi zomzimba.

Ngokwe- Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo (CDC) , malunga nabantu abangama-22,000 kweli lizwe baphila nosulelo olubi lwe-HBV (isigulo sethutyana), ngelixa kufutshane nesigidi esinye abane-hepatitis B. engapheliyo B. Usulelo-olunokuvelisa iimpawu ezingacacanga njengokukhathala, umkhuhlane, kunye nesisu-kunokuba kuthintelwe ngesitofu sokugonya, kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu ogonywayo. Ugonyo lwe-hepatitis B lukhuthazwa ngokubanzi kwiintsana / kubantwana nakubantu abadala kumaqela athile asemngciphekweni omkhulu. Kodwa ukusukela i-hepatitis B sisifo esosulelayo i-asymptomatic ukuya kuthi ga kwisinye kwisithathu samatyala kwaye usasaze ngeencindi ezinokuba nzima ukuzikhusela ngokupheleleyo, usenokuzibuza ukuba ingaba wonke umntu kufuneka agonyiwe na. Apha, into ekufuneka uyazi.

Ngubani ofuna ugonyo lwe-hepatitis B?

Ngokwe- Isiseko se-Hepatitis B , Abantu baseMelika abangama-80,000 bahlakulela i-hepatitis B ngonyaka ngamnye. Ehlabathini lonke, abantu ababini babulawa sesi sifo mzuzu ngamnye.

Ukusukela Ngo-1991 , Kucetyisiwe ukuba zonke iintsana ezisempilweni zifumane ugonyo lwe-hepatitis B ukuqala kwangoko emva kokuzalwa. IAmerican Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) ithi iintsana ezisempilweni kufuneka zifumane idosi yazo yokuqala yokugonya kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-24 zokuzalwa, idosi yesibini inenyanga ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2 ubudala, kunye nedosi yesithathu neyokugqibela phakathi kweenyanga ezi-6 ne-18. Ukuba umama okhulelweyo uvavanya ukuba unesifo se-hepatitis B ngexesha lokukhulelwa (kwaye abasetyhini abakhulelweyo bavavanywa rhoqo), ezo thayimthebhile zinokuhanjiswa, njengoko i-hepatitis B inokudluliselwa ngexesha lokuzalwa.

Kutheni iintsana zifuna isitofu sokugonya i-hep B, ngakumbi ukuba zihlala phakathi kwabantu abadala abangekho kwiqela elinomngcipheko omkhulu? Ngenxa yokuba abantu abaninzi abane-virus ye-hepatitis B isifo sosulelo asymptomatic, kwaye intsholongwane ingasasazeka ngento engenabungozi njengebhokhwe yamazinyo okanye i-shaving shaving of person. NgokweSibhedlele saBantwana sasePhiladelphia (CHOP), i-hepatitis B iyosulela ngokuphindwe kalikhulu kune-HIV . Amashumi asithoba anesihlanu eepesenti abantwana abafumana zonke iidosi ezintathu zokugonya i-hep B baya kukhuselwa kwiingxaki ezibangelwa lusulelo, itsho i-AAP.

Esinye isizathu sokugonya abancinci? I-AAP ikwaphawula ukuba ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sabantu abadala abangama-5 000 abasweleka ngenxa yesifo sokuqunjelwa kwesibindi B kweli lizwe nyaka ngamnye bafumana usulelo njengabantwana. Ukuba ungumntu omdala ongaqinisekanga nokuba wakhe wagonywa okanye awukhe ugonywe, ungafumana uvavanyo lwegazi oluya kujonga ukhuseleko - kodwa akulunganga kuwo wonke umntu; Kuya kufuneka ujonge nomboneleli wakho ukujonga ukuba kufanelekile na ukuvavanywa.

Ukuba sele ukhuselekile, unokuthintela ukufumana iifoto ezongezelelweyo kunye nokwenza utyelelo lweklinikhi olungafunekiyo, ngakumbi ngeli xesha le-COVID, amanqaku UAmon Asgharpour , MD, uprofesa oncedisayo kwiCandelo lezifo zesibindi eIcahn School of Medicine kwiNtaba yeSinayi kwisiXeko saseNew York. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenzisa iidosi ezongezelelekileyo zokugonya i-single-antigen hepatitis B akunabungozi.

Abanye ekufuneka begonyiwe, yitsho le nto i-CDC , zibandakanya:

Amadoda abelana ngesondo okanye abelana ngesondo namanye amadoda.
Abantu abakho kubudlelwane obubodwa bokwabelana ngesondo.
Abantu baphathwa okanye bavavanywa kwizifo ezidluliselwa ngeentlobano zesini (STDs).
Abasebenzisa iziyobisi ngenaliti okanye abanye abelana okanye abasebenzisa iinaliti.
Abasebenzi bezempilo, abasebenzi bokhuseleko loluntu, abantu abavalelweyo, kunye nabo basebenza okanye bahlala kwizibonelelo zabantu abakhubazeke ngokwasengqondweni.
Abantu abafowunelwa emakhaya abo bavavanya ukuba bane-hepatitis B.
Abo bahamba besiya kwiindawo zehlabathi (umzekelo, iindawo ezithile zeMpuma neMbindi Yurophu, iAfrika, kunye noMzantsi noMbindi Merika) abanesifo esiphezulu sehepatitis B.
Abantu abanezifo ezithile ezinganyangekiyo, ezinjengesifo sesibindi (kubandakanya hepatitis C ), Iswekile, isifo sezintso kunye nosulelo lwe-HIV.
Izigulana zeHemodialysis (hemodialysis yinkqubo apho inkunkuma evela egazini ihluzwa; isetyenziswa ngabantu abanezintso ezingasebenzi kakuhle).
Abafazi abakhulelweyo abanamaqabane amaninzi ezesondo, abasebenzisi be-intravenous drug, baye okanye bavavanywa kwi-STD, okanye baneqabane elifanelekileyo le-hepatitis B. Ngokutsho kwe-CDC, abafazi abakhulelweyo banokufumana isitofu sokugonya ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphandle kwenzakalo kwiintsana zabo ezingekazalwa.

Ungathini xa uthe wawa ngaphandle kwawo onke la macandelo-kufuneka usagonyiwe? Ngelixa umngcipheko wokufumana usulelo uhluka kakhulu kubemi bonke, isitofu sokugonya sikhuselekile kwaye kulula ukuba sifumaneke ukuze bonke abantu abadala basifumane, ngaphandle komngcipheko wabo, utshilo uChristine Traxler, MD, ugqirha osele ethathe umhlala-phantsi, umbhali Ndizala umntwana: Yintoni ngoku?

Ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza ngempumelelo

Ndiyabulela kugonyo lweentsana ukusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1990, ukusasazeka kwesifo sokudumba kwesibindi kohlobo lweB kuye kwehla kakhulu kweli lizwe. Nangona kunjalo, usulelo kwi-HBV luye lwanda kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo phakathi kwamaqela athile, ngakumbi lawo aneminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-49 ubudala, inika ingxelo I-United States ISebe lezeMpilo kunye neNkonzo zoLuntu (HHS) . I-arhente yalatha kugonyo olungagqitywanga (isitofu sokugonya i-hepatitis B sinikwa ngokubanzi kuthotho lokudubula) phakathi kweli qela leminyaka kunye nokwanda kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, ngakumbi iziyobisi zeopioid. Ngo-2015, izinga lokusuleleka kwi-hepatitis B linyuke 20.7% , ukwanda kokuqala phantse kwiminyaka eli-10 ithi i-HHS.

Amachiza amaninzi e-hep B anikwa kwishedyuli yokugonya equka iidosi ezintathu, ezahlulwe phakathi kweenyanga ezimbalwa. Ngo-2017, uLawulo lwezoKutya kunye noLawulo lweziyobisi (i-FDA) lavuma iyeza lokuthintela idosi ezimbini (elibizwa ngokuba UHeplisav-B ) inikwe iintsuku ezingama-30 zingasetyenziswa kubantu abadala. Ufumana impendulo ephezulu yesistim somzimba kunye nokuthotyelwa okungcono kwinkqubo yedosi ezimbini, amanqaku URobert G. Gish , MD, umlawuli wezonyango kwi-Hepatitis B Foundation.

Isitofu sokugonya i-hep B (ukongeza ku-Heplisav-B, amanye amagama egama abandakanya U-Engerix-B kwaye I-Recombivax HB kwakhona sele ikho amashumi eminyaka. Nangona kungekho mntu uyazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba isitofu sokugonya sinika ixesha elingakanani ukhuseleko, ubuncinci isifundo esinye ukusuka ngo-2016 kubonisa ukuba ubuncinci uneminyaka engama-30. Ukudubula okunyanzelekileyo akukhuthazwa kubantu abasempilweni abagonyiwe.

Isitofu sokugonya i-Hep B asiyo isitofu esiphilayo, ngoko ke sikhuselekile kwiintsana ezisanda kuzalwa, kwiintsana, kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo okanye abancancisayo, nakubantu abangenakuchaphazeleka.

Hep B iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zokugonya

Isitofu sokugonya asisebenzisi gazi okanye iimveliso zegazi kwaye sibonisiwe ukuba sikhuselekile. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zixhaphakileyo kukukhathazeka kwindawo yenaliti.Ngaphandle koko, i-1 ukuya kwi-3% [yabo bagonywayo] baxela intloko, iintlungu ezidibeneyo, umkhuhlane ophantsi, i-myalgia, okanye i-malaise, utshilo uGqirha Asgharpour. Ngomngcipheko ophantsi weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ngokuqinisekileyo yenza ukuba ugonyo lube nomtsalane ngakumbi koogqirha nakwizigulana.

Iziphumo ezibi kakhulu ezinqabileyo zinqabile, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo fumana uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko kwingcali yokhathalelo lwempilo ukuba ufumana naziphi na iziphumo ezibi:

Imihlathi
Ukudumba kobuso
Iingxaki zokuphefumla
Ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo
Ukuba nesiyezi

Banokuba ziimpawu zempendulo eyingozi.

Ukuhlawulwa kwe-inshurensi kunye neendleko

Ngokwe- i-CDC , Zonke izicwangciso zeemarike zeinshurensi yezempilo kunye neinshurensi zabucala ezininzi ziya kugubungela iindleko zokugonya i-hepatitis B ukuba usebenzisa umboneleli wenethiwekhi. Icandelo le-Medicare Icandelo B liya kugubungela isitofu sokugonya i-hepB ukuba ukwicandelo elinomngcipheko omkhulu. Ixabiso liya kwahluka ngokwenani lezinto, kubandakanya uphawu lwesitofu esisetyenzisiweyo nokuba sesokusetyenziswa kwabantwana okanye kwabantu abadala, kodwa ngokubanzi isitofu sokugonya sinokuhla ngexabiso ukusuka ngaphantsi kunoko $ 13 ukuya phezulu kwi-150 yeedola . Unga fumana isitofu sokugonya Kwiofisi yomboneleli wakho wezempilo okanye ngamanye amasebe ezempilo. Indawo yakho yekhemesti nayo inokukwazi ukuyilawula. Kakhulu ukonga kwi-hepatitis B kunye nezinye izitofu iyafumaneka kwikhemesti yakho, sebenzisa ikhadi lakho le-SingleCare.

Ungazikhusela njani kwi-hepatitis B

Ngelixa kukho amachiza antiviral anokunceda ukucothisa kunye nokunciphisa ukonakala kwesibindi kwe-hepatitis B, akukho lunyango. Uthintelo ngundoqo. Ukongeza ekugonyweni, unokunceda ukuzikhusela kusulelo ngezi ngcebiso zivela Isiseko se-Hepatitis B :

Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi emva kokudibana negazi okanye nolunye ulwelo lomzimba.
Sebenzisa ukhuselo lwezithintelo (iikhondom) xa usabelana ngesondo.
Musa ukwabelana ngebrashi yamazinyo, iireyadi, amacici, okanye izikhonkwane zezikhonkwane.
Kuphephe ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ngemithambo.
Coca amathontsi egazi kumphezulu emva kokwenzakala ngesisombululo secandelo elinye leblitshi ukuya kumacala alithoba amanzi.
Qinisekisa ukuba iinaliti ezintsha, ezingenazintsholongwane kunye nee-inki zisetyenziswa nanini na xa ugqobhoza, ubhala iitattoo, okanye uthambisa umzimba kwaye ufumana ezi nkonzo kwiivenkile ezinelayisensi kuphela.
Hlala usesikhathini kuzo zonke izitofu, ngakumbi i-hepatitis A.
Ukuba uzama ukukhulelwa okanye ukhulelwe, thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga novavanyo lwe-hepatitis B kunye nokugonya kwangoko.
Ukuba ungumnikezeli wokhathalelo lwempilo okanye umsebenzi ongezelelweyo, soloko usebenzisa izilumkiso ezikhuthaziweyo.
Ukuba ucinga ukuba une-hepatitis B, usengozini ye-hepatitis B, okanye wachazwa, nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho ngokukhawuleza.