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Yintoni ebangela i-potassium ephantsi?

Yintoni ebangela i-potassium ephantsi?Imfundo yezeMpilo

Ngokuqinisekileyo uye wakuva ukuba iapile ngemini igcina ugqirha engekho. Kodwa kuthekani ngebhanana ngosuku? Umzimba wakho ufuna i-potassium ukuze usebenze. Yenye yezimbiwa ezibalulekileyo kwimpilo . Inceda ukulawula ibhalansi yomzimba wakho, igcine inkqubo ye-electrolyte yomzimba wakho, inciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi, kwaye yehlisa umngcipheko wokubethwa.





Nangona kunjalo, xa kuziwa kwi-potassium, imicimbi yokulinganisela.



I-potassium eninzi, ebizwa ngokuba yi-hyperkalemia, inokubangela ubuthathaka, ukudinwa, ukuphulukana nokusebenza kwemisipha kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo. I-potassium encinci kakhulu, ebizwa ngokuba yi-hypokalemia, inokubangela ubuthathaka bemisipha, ukujija kwezihlunu, ukubetha kwentliziyo, kunye necramp-oko kungakhokelela ekukhubazekeni nasekungaphefumli kakuhle.

Amanqanaba asezantsi e-potassium anokubangela iingxaki zempilo ezinzulu , njengophezulu lwegazi kunye namatye ezintso, yiyo loo nto kuluncedo ukwazi indlela yokuchonga iimpawu ze-potassium esezantsi nokuba yintoni enokubangela oko. Ngethamsanqa, unokunyusa amanqanaba e-potassium ngokwakho ngokutya kunye ukuxhaswa . Nantsi into ekufuneka uyazi.

Yintoni ethathwa njenge-potassium ephantsi?

Amanqanaba e-potassium asezantsi amanqanaba egazi potassium angaphantsi kwe-3.5 mEq / L; phantsi kwe-2.5 mEq / L inokubusongela ubomi. Amanqanaba aqhelekileyo e-potassium, kubantu abaninzi, aphakathi kwe-3.5 kunye ne-5.0 mEq ilitha nganye (mEq / L), ngokwe Uhlaziyo lweklinikhi ka-2018 . Nantoni na engaphezulu kwe-5.0 mEq / L ithathwa njengephakamileyo, kwaye amanqanaba angaphezulu kwe-6.0 anokuba yingozi kwaye anokufuna unyango kwangoko.



Qaphela: I-Hypokalemia ayiqhelekanga kubantu abanezintso eziqhelekileyo.

Uninzi lwabantu aluyi kugqirha ngenqanaba eliphantsi le-potassium okanye ngenxa yokuba bacinga ukuba bane-hypokalemic. Ngokwesiqhelo, iyafunyanwa xa usenziwa umsebenzi wegazi ngenxa yokuba uneempawu zokunye ukugula, ezinje ngengxaki ye-adrenal, okanye xa usenza umsebenzi waselebhu, odla ngokufuneka xa uthatha umchamo.

Zeziphi ezinye iimpawu zepotassium?

Uninzi lwabantu alunazo naziphi na iimpawu zehypokalemia ide ibe nzima, kwaye isixa se potassium siye sehla ngaphantsi kwe-3.0 mEq / L.



Abantu abanesiphene se-potassium ngokulinganayo banokufumana:

  • Ukuqunjelwa
  • Ubuthathaka bemisipha
  • Ukudinwa
  • Imvakalelo ngokubanzi yokufa

Iimpawu zokusilela kwe potassium zibandakanya:

  • Ukudumba kwemisipha
  • Iintlanzi zemisipha
  • Ubuthathaka bemisipha
  • Ukukhubazeka
  • Isingqi esingaqhelekanga okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo
  • Iingxaki zezintso
  • Ukuphelelwa ngumdla, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokugabha
  • Ukuqunjelwa kunye nokuqunjelwa
  • Ukudinwa
  • Ukulinganisa okanye ukuba ndindisholo
  • Igazi elonyukayo
  • Ukufa isiqaqa

Ichongwa njani i-hypokalemia?

I-potassium ephantsi ayisiyo isifo ngokwawo, kodwa kunoko luphawu lweemeko okanye isifo. Xa kufunyenwe i-potassium esezantsi, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ngokuvavanywa okongeziweyo ukufumanisa unobangela. Olunye uvavanyo lwegazi lunokujonga i-glucose, i-magnesium, i-calcium, i-sodium, i-phosphorus, i-thyroid kunye ne-aldosterone. Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela i-electrocardiogram (EKG) ukujonga umsebenzi wombane entliziyweni yakho.



Zine iinjongo eziphambili xa unyanga amanqanaba aphantsi e-potassium:

  • Ukuncitshiswa kwelahleko ye potassium
  • Ukuzaliswa kwe potassium
  • Ukuvavanywa kwetyhefu enokubakho
  • Ukuzimisela kwesizathu, ukuthintela iziqendu ezizayo

Kukwabalulekile ukunyanga imeko zonyango okanye ukususa unobangela. Umzekelo, ukuba ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-laxatives kubangela i-hypokalemia, ke ukujongana nemfuno yomzimba okanye yengqondo ye-laxatives kufuneka ibe yinxalenye yesicwangciso sonyango. Ukuba isigulana sidinga umchamo, ugqirha wabo unokuxoxa ngokufakwa endaweni evumela i-potassium ukuba ihlale emzimbeni (i-potassium-sparing diuretic) okanye inokumisela i-potassium yonke imihla.



Kubantu abane-potassium ephantsi kakhulu, ugqirha unokucebisa unyango lwe-intravenous.

Yintoni ebangela i-potassium ephantsi?

Ngelixa i-potassium sisondlo esisifumana ekutyeni, ukutya ukutya kukodwa kunqabile ukuba kubangele i-hypokalemia. Zininzi izinto ezinokubangela i-hypokalemia kunye nabantu abathile abanomngcipheko okhulayo wokusilela. Oku kubandakanya:



  • Ukuhlanza rhoqo okanye urhudo (kubandakanya ukusukela kwi-bulimia okanye ukuxhatshazwa kwe-laxative)
  • Ukubila okugqithisileyo
  • Ukusela utywala kakhulu
  • Ukungondleki kunye nezinye ukunqongophala kwesondlo , ezinje ngemagniziyam okanye i-folic acid
  • Iziphazamiso ze-adrenal, ezifana nesifo sikaCushing
  • Isifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo
  • Ukuphazamiseka okungaqhelekanga, njengeLiddle syndrome, iBartter's syndrome, iGitelman syndrome
  • Ileukemia
  • Ukudumba kwesifo
  • Abantu abane-pica (ngakumbi ukuba batya udongwe, njengoko udongwe lubopha i-potassium kwindawo yesisu kwaye kunokubangela ukonyuka kwe-potassium)
  • Abantu abathatha amayeza athile, anjenge-diuretics

Unyango olwenziwe ngamayeza

Amayeza athile inokubangela amanqanaba asezantsi e-potassium, kubandakanya:

  • Womchamo: Phantse iipesenti ezingama-80 zabantu abathatha i-diuretics banesifo se-potassium ngenxa yokunyuka komchamo. I-diuretics, okanye iipilisi zamanzi, zinokumiselwa kwizigulana ezinexinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi, ukusilela kwentliziyo, kunye nesifo sezintso. I-diuretics ngoyena nobangela uqhelekileyo we-hypokalemia.
  • Izidambisi: I-Laxatives inokubangela ukulahleka kwe-potassium kwisitulo.
  • I-beta-adrenergic agonist iziyobisi: I-Bronchodilators, i-steroids, okanye i-theophylline (esetyenziselwa i-asthma, i-emphysema, kunye ne-COPD) inokuchaphazela i-serum potassium kunye ne-glucose yegazi.
  • Ezinye i-antibiotics: Kwiidosi ezinkulu, ezinye i-antibiotics zinokunyusa ukuphuma kwe-potassium ngeentso.
  • I-insulin: Amayeza amakhulu e-insulin, anokunyangaHyperosmolarHyperglycemicIsifo seNonketotic Syndrome(HHNS), imeko eyingozi ebangelwa ngamazinga aphezulu eswekile yegazi,zihlala zongezwa nge-potassium efakwa ngaphakathi.

Ngaba i-potassium ephantsi iyingozi?

I-Hypokalemia inokuba negalelo kuyo, okanye ibangele eminye imicimbi yezempilo, kubandakanya:



  • Igazi elonyukayo
  • Amatye eentso
  • Ukunciphisa uxinano lwamaminerali amathambo
  • Ukunganyamezelani ngeglucose kunye nomngcipheko okhulayo wokuba nohlobo lwesibini seswekile
  • Ukuchithwa kwe-calcium yomchamo
  • Uvelwano ngetyuwa

Amanqanaba e-potassium asezantsi kakhulu anokubangela iimeko zempilo ezibi kakhulu, ezinje ngengxaki yesingqisho sentliziyo, kwaye kunokubangela ukuba intliziyo yakho iyeke.

ZIQHELEKILEYO: Iimpawu ze13 zeengxaki zentliziyo ekufuneka uzikhathaze ngazo

Indlela yokunyusa amanqanaba e potassium

Kwiimeko ezinobuzaza ze-hypokalemia, amanqanaba e-potassium anokuqheleka kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa emva kokuba uqale ukonyusa ukungena kwe-potassium. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba utya ukutya okwaneleyo okune-potassium yonke imihla kunokunceda ukukhulisa kunye nokugcina amanqanaba e-potassium asempilweni. Isindululo se-potassium esityiwa mihla le, ngokwe Izifundo zeSizwe zeSayensi, iinjineli, kunye noNyango (NASEM) zezi:

  • Abantu abadala abasempilweni: I-3,400 mg ngosuku ngamadoda, i-2,600 yabasetyhini (abaneminyaka eyi-19 nangaphezulu)
  • Ulutsha oluneminyaka eli-14 ukuya kweli-18 ubudala: 3,000 mg oyindoda, 2,300 mg owasetyhini
  • Abantwana abaneminyaka eli-9 ukuya kwe-13 ubudala: I-2,500 mg eyindoda, i-2,300 mg yabasetyhini
  • Abantwana abaneminyaka emi-4 ukuya ku-8 ubudala: I-2,300 mg eyindoda, i-2,300 mg yabasetyhini
  • Abantwana abaneminyaka eyi-1 ukuya kwe-3: I-2,000 mg yamadoda nabasetyhini
  • Iintsana ezineminyaka esixhenxe ukuya kwiinyanga ezili-12: I-860 mg yamadoda nabasetyhini
  • Ukuzalwa kwiinyanga ezi-6: I-400 mg yamadoda nabasetyhini

Ukutya okune-potassium

Ukutya okuhlanu okuphezulu kumanqanaba e-potassium yile:

Ukutya okune-potassium eninzi Ukukhonza ubungakanani Inani le potassium Ipesenti yexabiso lemihla ngemihla *
Iibhilikosi ezomileyo ½ indebe 1,101 mg 32.3% -42.3%
Iilenti eziphekiweyo 1 indebe 731 mg 21.5% -28.1%
Iipruni ezomileyo ½ indebe 699 mg 20.5% -26.8%
I-squash acorn squash 1 indebe 644 mg 18.9% -24.7%
Oomileyo ½ indebe 618 mg 18.1% -23.7%

* Kubantu abadala

Okunye ukutya okuphezulu kwe-potassium kubandakanya:

  • Iitapile ezibhakiweyo
  • Iimbotyi zezintso
  • Iiorenji / ijusi yeorenji
  • Iimbotyi zesoya
  • Iibhanana
  • Iiavokhado
  • Isebe
  • Iminqathe
  • Ubisi
  • Ipeanut butter
  • Islamoni
  • Ispinatshi
  • Utamatisi
  • Imbotyi yengqolowa

Izongezo zepotassium

Eyona ndlela yokunyusa amanqanaba e-potassium ngokukhawuleza kukuthatha isongezelelo se-potassium, uninzi lwazo olukhoyo ekhawuntareni, uthi ULinda Girgis , MD, ugqirha osapho oqinisekisiweyo wasebhodini kwindawo yabucala eSouth River, eNew Jersey. Nje ukuba inqanaba lifikelele kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo, unokukwazi ukuyeka izongezo kunye nokugcina amanqanaba e-potassium ngokutya.

Ukuthatha izongezo, nangona kunjalo, kunokuba yingozi. Izongezo zePotassium zinokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zesisu okanye amanqanaba aphezulu e-potassium.

Ukuba namanqanaba e-potassium aphezulu kakhulu kunokuba yingozi njengaxa ephantsi kakhulu. Nokuba yeyiphi na egqithisileyo inokukhokelela kwi-arrhythmias yentliziyo kunye nezinye iingxaki, utshilo uGqirha Girgis. Kungcono ukusebenza nogqirha wakho xa uthatha izongezo ukuze amanqanaba akho e-potassium abekwe esweni ukuqinisekisa ukuba bakuluhlu olukhuselekileyo.

Izongezo ezingaphezulu kwekhawuntarethi azinakwanela ukuba inqanaba lakho le potassium liphantsi kakhulu.Imida ye-FDA yongeza ngaphantsi kwe-100 mg ye-potassium, eliliqhezu nje kuphela lokutya okucetyiswayo imihla ngemihla. Oogqirha banokumisela isongezelelo esinamandla ngakumbi se-potassium kwizigulana ezine-hypokalemia.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuncedisa i-potassium:

  • Potassium chloride
  • Potassium citrate
  • Potassium phosphate
  • I-Potassium bicarbonate
  • I-Potassium aspartate

Kunokuba ngumceli mngeni ukwazi ukuba loluphi uhlobo olona luncedo lwe potassium. I-Potassium chloride ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abanesiphene se-potassium, ngokukaGqirha Girgis, I-Potassium phosphate iluncedo ukuba isigulana sinesiphene se-phosphate. Ukuba isigulana sithambekele kumatye ezintso, i-potassium citrate inokuba luncedo kuba i-citrate inokuncamathela kwi-calcium kumchamo, kuthintela ukwenziwa kwekristale. Ucebisa ukuba afune iingcebiso zonyango ngaphambi kokuba athathe naziphi na izongezo.