Isikhokelo sakho kwimpilo ye-thyroid

Imfundo yezeMpilo

Ukuba ufana nabantu abaninzi, mhlawumbi awucingi ngempilo ye-thyroid rhoqo. Xa i-thyroid yakho isebenza njengoko kufanelekile, kulula ukuyithatha. Kodwa abaqeqeshi bezempilo bangathanda ukuba ucinge ngempilo ye-thyroid ngoJanuwari, eyiNyanga yoKwazisa iTyroid ngonyaka. Ngumxholo ofanele ukwazi ukuba xa i-thyroid yakho ingasebenzi ngendlela ebekumele ukuba isebenza ngayo, inokukhokelela kwinani leengxaki zempilo, ezinye zazo zinobuzaza.

Ngokwe- Umbutho we-Thyroid waseMelika , ngaphezulu kwe-12% yamaMelika aya kuphuhlisa imeko ye-thyroid ebomini babo. Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-60% yabo bantu ngekhe bazi nokuba banesifo se-thyroid, nangona imeko inokubangela iimpawu abangaziqondiyo ukuba zidibene ne-thyroid. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubalulekile ukuba uqwalasele impilo yakho ye-thyroid-kungekuphela nje ngoJanuwari kodwa unyaka wonke.

Yintoni i-thyroid yakho?

Idlala lengqula, okanye incindi yedlala lengqula, yintsimbi emile okwibhabhathane ebekwe entanyeni yakho eyinxalenye yenkqubo ye-endocrine yomzimba wakho. Amadlala e-Endocrine ngamalungu enza iincindi zamadlala, eziya ngqo egazini zize ziye kwamanye amalungu kunye nezicubu emzimbeni wonke ukunceda ukulawula uluhlu lwemisebenzi yomzimba. Ezinye izigulane ze-endocrine ziquka i-pancreas, i-ovaries, i-testes, i-adrenal kunye ne-pituitary gland.

Idlala lengqula livelisa iihomoni ezimbini ezibizwa ngokuba yi-thyroxine (T4) kunye ne-triiodothyronine (T3). Uninzi lwemveliso ye-thyroid-malunga ne-95% -i-T4. I-5% eseleyo yi-T3. Iihomoni zehyprohyme zichaphazela imetabolism yakho, ubushushu bomzimba, kunye nezinto ezinje:

• Amandla emisipha
• Amanqanaba okuphefumla kunye nentliziyo
• Ubunzima bomzimba
• Amanqanaba echolesterol
• Imijikelo yokuya exesheni
• Inkqubo yovalo
• Inqanaba lamandla

Idlala lengqula linee-lobes ezimbini kwaye lihlala ngaphezulu nje kwekhola kunye nangaphantsi kwengqula, okanye ibhokisi yelizwi. I-lobe nganye isonga kancinci ijikeleze i-windpipe, ngobuninzi be-thyroid ehleli phambi kwayo, ke i-thyroid engasebenziyo inokuchaphazela umgangatho welizwi lakho ukongeza kwimiba yezempilo enokubangela.

Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ze-thyroid

Idlala lengqula linokungasebenzi kakuhle ngeendlela ezimbini. Inokuvelisa iihomoni ezininzi-imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-thyroid engasebenzi, okanye hyperthyroidism -Okanye inokuvelisa iihomoni ezimbalwa, ezaziwa njenge-thyroid engasebenzi, okanye hypothyroidism . Abasetyhini kunokwenzeka ngakumbi kunamadoda ukuba aphuhlise iingxaki ze-thyroid, kodwa oogqirha abaqinisekanga ngokupheleleyo ukuba kutheni kunjalo.

Nangona kukho iingcamango ezininzi, akukho nanye inkcazo [ngokuxhaphaka kwabasetyhini] ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngokuka UCheryl R. Rosenfeld , DO, FACE, isithethi seAmerican Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE). Izifo eziqhelekileyo ze-thyroid zizenzekelayo kwindalo, oku kuthetha ukuba xa amajoni omzimba aqala ukuhlasela inxalenye yomzimba. Abasetyhini kunokwenzeka ukuba bahlakulele izifo ezizimeleyo [kunamadoda], ke kuyavakala ukuba izifo ze-thyroid zimelwe apha.

Hyperthyroidism

I-Hyperthyroidism, xa idlala lengqula livelisa iihomoni ezininzi, zihlala zibangelwa sisifo somzimba esibizwa ngokuba yi-autoimmune disease Isifo samangcwaba . Xa umntu enesifo seMangcwaba, amajoni abo omzimba ahlasela idlala lengqula kwaye abangele ukuba andise imveliso yehomoni.

Hyperthyroidism nayo inokubangelwa kukutya kakhulu iodine okanye iyeza lengqula; amaqhuqhuva e-thyroid asebenzayo (imeko ebizwa ngokuba sisifo se-nodular). i-thyroiditis (ukudumba kwedlala lengqula); usulelo lwentsholongwane, okanye, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ithumba elingenamhlaza kwilungu le-pituitary.

Ukuba ishiywe inganyangwa, i-hyperthyroidism inokukhokelela ekubetheni kwentliziyo ngokungaqhelekanga, isifo sentliziyo kunye nezinye iingxaki zentliziyo, iintlungu zamehlo kunye nokulahleka kombono, amathambo acothayo kunye ne-osteoporosis, iingxaki zokuzala kwabasetyhini, kunye neengxaki ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Iimpawu zehyperthyroidism zibandakanya:

• Goiter
• Uvalo, unxunguphalo, ukuba nochuku, okanye ukutshintsha kwemozulu
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha kunye nokudinwa
• Ingxaki yokunyamezela ubushushu okanye ukulala
• Ingcangcazela, ihlala isezandleni zakho
• Ukuhamba kwamathumbu rhoqo okanye urhudo
• Ukuhla ukusinda

IHypothyroidism

I-Hypothyroidism, xa idlala lengqula livelisa iihomoni ezimbalwa, ihlala ibangelwa sisifo sokuqina komzimba esibizwa ngokuba yi-autoimmune disorder Isifo sikaHashimoto , okanye iHashimoto's thyroiditis. Ngesifo sikaHashimoto, njengesifo seMangcwaba, amajoni omzimba ahlasela idlala lengqula, kodwa kule meko idlala lengqula liphendula ngokunciphisa imveliso yehomoni.

Ngamanye amaxesha, i-hypothyroidism ikhoyo xa kuzalwa. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukuzalwa kwe-hypothyroidism. Ezinye izizathu zibandakanya i-thyroiditis, iodine encinci ekudleni kwakho, unyango ngemitha, amayeza athile, kunye nokususwa kotyando kuyo yonke into okanye inxenye yayo.

Ukuba ayinyangwa, i-hypothyroidism inokuba negalelo kwi-cholesterol ephezulu kwaye, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ikhokelela kwimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-myxedema coma, apho imisebenzi yomzimba ingancipha ukuya kuthi ga kwimeko yokuba imeko isongela ubomi. I-Hypothyroidism ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokukhokelela ekuzalweni kwangaphambi kwexesha okanye ukuphuma kwesisu kunye nokucothisa ukukhula komntwana kunye nokukhula. Iimpawu zehypothyroidism, ezinokuthi zikhule kancinci kwaye zithathe iinyanga okanye iminyaka nokuba ivele, zibandakanya:

• Goiter
• Ukutyeba kwakho
• Intlungu edibeneyo neyomzimba
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo kunciphile
• Ubuso obukhukhumeleyo
• Ingxaki yokunyamezela ukubanda
• Ukuqunjelwa
• Ulusu olomileyo
• Ukulahleka kweenwele
• Ixesha elinzima okanye elingaqhelekanga lokuya esikhathini
• Iingxaki zokuchuma kwabasetyhini

Ezinye iimpawu zigqithisa kokubini i-hyperthyroidism kunye ne-hypothyroidism, utshilo uGqirha Rosenfeld, ke kubalulekile ukuba ube nogqirha onamava ngesifo se-thyroid ukuvavanya nokunyanga isigulana esineempawu ezibonisa isifo se-thyroid.

Goiter

Zombini i-hyperthyroidism kunye ne-hypothyroidism zinokukhokelela ekwandiseni okungaqhelekanga kwidlala lengqula. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba ukuvuza , yenye yeempawu eziqhelekileyo zesifo se-thyroid. I-goiter inokwenzeka kwakhona xa idlala lengqula livelisa inani elifanelekileyo lamahomoni ukuba kukho enye imeko ekhoyo enokubangela ukuba i-thyroid ikhule ngokungaqhelekanga.

Zombini i-T4 kunye ne-T3 zine-iodine, into ebalulekileyo efumaneka kwi-shellfish kunye netyuwa ye-iodized. Ukuba umntu akafumani iodine eyaneleyo, idlala lengqula alinakwenza ngokwaneleyo idlala lengqula. Oku kunokubangela ukuba i-pituitary gland ebuchosheni ithumele isiginali kwi-thyroid ukuvelisa iihomoni ezininzi. Lo mqondiso, obizwa ngokuba yi-thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), ubangela ukuba i-thyroid ikhule kumzamo wokunyusa imveliso yehomoni.

Ukunqongophala kwe-iodine ngunobangela obalulekileyo wokuhamba kwezifo ehlabathini, kodwa hayi eUnited States, utshilo uGqirha Rosenfeld. Ezantsi inqanaba le-iodine, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba i-goiter iya kukhula.

I-Goiters zinokukhula ngenxa yokutshaya, imitha, okanye izinto zemfuza. Ukutshaya kubangela ukukhula kwe-thyroid ngokuthintela i-thyroid ekuqokeleleni iodine, ngenxa enye yeekhemikhali ezifumaneka kumsi wecuba, utsho uGqirha Rosenfeld. Ukubonakaliswa kwimisebe yelanga, ngesiqhelo ngeengozi zenyukliya okanye unyango ngemitha, kunokubangela ukuba idlala lengqula libe namaqhuqhuva likhule. Okokugqibela, kwaye okona kubalulekileyo, ligalelo lofuzo kuphuhliso lwamaqhuqhuva e-thyroid kunye ne-goiter.

Umhlaza wedlala lengqula

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ikakhulu kwabo banembali yokuchazwa kwiidosi eziphezulu zemitha, abantu banokuba nomhlaza wedlala lengqula. Umbutho we-Thyroid waseMelika uqikelela ukuba e-United States malunga nabantu abangama-64,000 ngonyaka baba nomhlaza wedlala lengqula kwaye abangaphantsi kwamawaka amabini babulawa ngumhlaza wedlala lengqula.

Ukufumanisa umhlaza we-thyroid, i-hypothyroidism, i-hyperthyroidism, kunye nezinye izifo ze-thyroid, i-endocrinologist okanye omnye umboneleli wezempilo uya kuqhuba uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye angenza Uvavanyo lomsebenzi we-thyroid kwi-TSH , T3, T4, kunye novavanyo lwegazi lomzimba omzimba. Ngamanye amaxesha, uvavanyo lwe-imaging olufana nokuvavanywa kwe-thyroid, i-ultrasound, okanye uvavanyo lwe-iodine radioactive.

Izinto ezi-3 onokuzenza ukuphucula impilo ye-thyroid

Akukho ndlela iqinisekileyo yomlilo yokuthintela isifo se-thyroid, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba ujonge intamo ekhaya ukunceda ukuveza i-goiter okanye i-thyroid nodule, ngokukaGqirha Rosenfeld. Oku kwenziwa ngokujonga isipili kunye nokujonga intamo engezantsi ngelixa usela amanzi. Iinkcukacha ezithe kratya ekujongeni intamo zinokufumaneka kwi Ukwazisa ngeTyroid iwebhusayithi. Ukuba ucinga ukuba unokufumana i-goiter okanye i-thyroid nodule, yenza i-aphoyintimenti ukuze ubone ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza kwaye uzame amanyathelo alandelayo ukunceda ukuphucula impilo yakho ye-thyroid.

1. Amayeza e-thyroid

Ukuba uye wafumanisa ukuba unengxaki ye-thyroid, ugqirha wakho uya kunika amayeza e-thyroid ukunceda ukunyanga imeko kunye nokulinganisa amanqanaba akho e-thyroid. I-TSH yamaxabiso aqhelekileyo zi-0.5 ukuya kwi-5.0 mIU / L, ngokwe Impilo ye-UCLA . Amayeza ahlala emiselwe imiba ye-thyroid aquka:

• I-Synthroid, iLevoxyl, iLevothroid, i-Unithroid, iTirosint ( ilevothyroxine )
• ICytomel, iTriostat ( mzwimzi )
• Izixhobo zeTyroid, indalo-iThroid, iWesthroid ( idlala lengqula lichazwe )
• Ukuchithwa (PTU)
• ITapazole ( imethimazole )

Njengoninzi lwamayeza, amayeza e-thyroid anokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Ezinye zezona ziqhelekileyo zezi:

• Ukutya ukutya
• Ubushushu bobushushu okanye ukubila
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukwehla kobunzima okanye ukuzuza
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle okanye ukulala
• Uvalo
• Iintlanzi zomlenze, ukudibana okanye iintlungu zemisipha
• Urhudo, ukugabha, okanye isisu esibuhlungu
• Ukudumba kolusu
• Utshintsho kumjikelo wokuya exesheni

Kuya kufuneka uphephe ukuthatha ii-antacids, ii-PPIs (ezinje nge-omeprazole, pantoprazole njlnjl), izongezo zentsimbi, okanye izongezo zekhalsiyam ngaphakathi kweeyure ezine zokuthatha amayeza e-thyroid.

2. Ukutya okudlala i-thyroid

Nangona kungekho bungqina buxhasa umbono wokuba ukutya okanye umthambo Unokuguqula impilo ye-thyroid, abantu abaninzi bathi ukutya okulandelayo kunokunceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-thyroid:

• Imifuno yolwandle, njenge-nori kunye nolwandle olutyiwayo
• Izibonelelo zeMaca
• I-Chlorophyll, efumaneka kwizityalo ezifana nesipinatshi kunye nengqolowa
• Amantongomane eBrazil
• Imifuno yeCruciferous (icauliflower, broccoli, kale, njl.

Ukunamathela kukutya kwe-thyroid kukwabanga ukuba kufuneka uphephe ukutya okuthile njengokutya kwekotoni kunye nama-walnuts. Ukuhamba simahla kwe-gluten kunye nokuthintela ukwahlula iprotein ye-soy kunokunceda ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwe-thyroid, njengoko kunokuthintela ukutya okuqulathe i-goitrogens, ezizinto ezinokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwe-thyroid xa kusetyenziswe kakhulu.

Ukutya okunokulinganisela kunye nenani elifanelekileyo le-iodine kunokunceda umzimba wakho uhlale uphilile ngokubanzi, kodwa akuyi kukunceda ukuba ugweme imiba ye-thyroid.

Ngaphandle kwezinto ezifumaneka rhoqo kwi-intanethi, akukho kutya, isongezo, okanye umthambo onokuphucula impilo ye-thyroid okanye uthintele isifo se-thyroid, utshilo uGqirha Rosenfeld. Lumkela ukutya okuthandwayo okanye izongezo ezenzelwe ukuphucula impilo ye-thyroid. Okona kuncinci, bayinkcitho yemali, kodwa banokubakho kwingozi. Ukungenisa iodine eninzi, imifuno enqatyisiweyo, okanye izongezo ezithile zinokuchaphazela kakubi ukusebenza kwe-thyroid.

3. Fumana ulwazi kwaye uthethe nomboneleli wakho wezempilo

Eyona nto intle onokuyenza ukuphucula impilo yakho ye-thyroid, njengoko usikhumbuza ngeNyanga yoLumkiso lweThyroid, kukufunda malunga neempawu zesifo se-thyroid kwaye uthathe amanyathelo xa ukrokrela ukuba kukho into engalunganga kwi-thyroid yakho.

Ukuba sisigulana esinolwazi kunye nokusebenza nomboneleli wakho wezempilo kubaluleke kakhulu, utshilo uNobhala we-American Thyroid Association uJacqueline Jonklaas, MD, Ph.D., unjingalwazi kwicandelo le-endocrinology kwiYunivesithi yaseGeorgetown. Umbutho we-Thyroid waseMelika uzibophelele ekwabelaneni ngolwazi olusekwe kubungqina kwilayibrari yethu yee-FAQ sheet kunye neencwadana zesigulana ezifumaneka imvubelo.org .