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Izibalo zokuphazamiseka kokutya 2021

Iindaba

Wonke umntu ulwalamano olwahlukileyo nokutya. Kwabanye, ngumthombo wentuthuzelo, ukuzonwabisa, okanye isonka. Abanye banokuba nonxibelelwano olubi nolonakalisayo kunye nokutya. Ukuphazamiseka kwindlela yokutya ziingxaki ezinzulu zempilo yengqondo, ebonisa ubudlelwane obungenampilo bomntu kunye nokutya. Unobangela wokuphazamiseka ekutyeni kubandakanya iziphumo zokunye ukugula ngengqondo, ufuzo, imithombo yeendaba, ukungahambi kakuhle komzimba, kunye noxinzelelo.

Ziziphi iingxaki zokutya?

Ukuphazamiseka kwindlela yokutya zizigulo ezichaphazela ubudlelwane bomntu nokutya kunye nomzimba. Abantu abanengxaki yokutya baneengcinga ezigqithisileyo zokutya, ubunzima bomzimba wabo okanye imilo yabo, kunye nendlela yokulawula ukutya kwabo. Iintlobo zeengxaki zokutya ziquka:

Anorexia amanosa , yeyiphi ibonakaliswa ukunciphisa umzimba okanye ukugcinwa kukutya kakhulu, indlala, okanye ukuzilolonga kakhulu.
Ukuzinkcinkca ngotywala , yeyiphikuthetha ukutya rhoqo isixa esikhulu sokutya kwindawo enye.
Bulimia amanosa , ngeIimpawu zibandakanya ukucoca, ukuthatha i-laxatives, ukwenza imithambo, okanye ukuzila ukutya ukuthintela ukuzuza ubunzima emva kokutya kakhulu.

Umntu unokufumana oku njengexhala lengqondo, imeko yokudakumba, okanye abe nokudibanisa uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo, utsho U-Anna Hindell , LCSW-R, ugqirha wezengqondo osekwe eNew York. Ukujikela kulawulo kunye nokuthintela ukutya okanye ukuba likhoboka lokubhaka nokucocaihlala iluphawu okanye isiphumo sokuziva uphantsi umntu ahlala naye. Ngokwesiqhelo yimvakalelo engasonjululwanga enxulumene nokuzithemba okuphantsi, ukungabikho kwexabiso, okanye uxinzelelo olucinezelweyo . Abantu babuyela kumzamo wokulawula ukutya okanye ukutya iimvakalelo zabo endaweni yokujongana nengxaki esisiseko, ukuba ayinyangwa.

Ziqhele kangakanani iingxaki zokutya?

Malunga nama-30 ezigidi zabantu baseMelika bahlala nengxaki yokutya. (Umbutho weSizwe we-Anorexia Nervosa kunye neZinto eziDibeneyo)
Ukuphazamiseka kwindlela yokutya sesona sifo sesithathu sixhaphake kakhulu kubantu ababhinqileyo abafikisayo eUnited States. ( Ijenali yaMazwe ngaMazwe yoNyango yaBafikisayo kunye neMpilo (2007)
Izigidi ezili-10 zamadoda e-US ziya kuba nengxaki yokutya kubomi babo. (Umbutho weSizwe wokuPhazamiseka kokutya)
Ukuxhaphaka kobomi beengxaki zokutya kuphezulu phakathi kwabo banengxaki yokutya kakhulu (i-5.5% xa kuthelekiswa ne-2% ye-bulimia kunye ne-1.2% ye-anorexia). ( Ingqondo yengqondo (2007)

Izibalo zokuphazamiseka kwindlela yokutya kwihlabathi liphela

Ukuxhaphaka kokutya kwihlabathi jikelele kuye kwanda ukusuka kwi-3.4% ukuya kwi-7.8% phakathi kuka-2000 no-2018. ( Ijenali yaseMelika yoNyango lweKlinikhi , 2019)
Abantu abazizigidi ezingama-70 kumazwe aphesheya bahlala nengxaki yokutya. (Umbutho weSizwe wokuPhazamiseka kokutya)
IJapan yeyona ndawo ixhaphakileyo yokuphazamiseka kwindlela otya ngayo eAsia, ilandelwa yiHong Kong, iSingapore, iTaiwan neSouth Korea. (Ijenali yeLizwe yeNgxaki yokutya, 2015)
I-Austria yayinezinga eliphezulu lokuxhaphaka eYurophu kwi-1.55% ngo-2012. (Psychology Namhlanje, 2013)
Phantse isiqingatha sabo bonke abantu baseMelika bayamazi umntu onengxaki yokutya. (Isebe lezeMpilo yeNgqondo laseMzantsi Carolina)

Ukutya ukungahambelani ngesondo

Ukuphazamiseka kwindlela yokutya yayixhaphakile phakathi kwabafazi abancinci (3.8%) kunamadoda (1.5%) e-US ukusukela ngo-2001-2004. ( Ijenali yeAmerican Academy yaBantwana kunye neengqondo zaBafikisayo (2010)
Ikota yabo bane-anorexia ngamadoda. Amadoda anobungozi obonyukayo bokufa kuba afunyaniswa sele ethe kamva kunabasetyhini. Oku kunokuba yinxalenye ngenxa yokuqonda gwenxa ukuba amadoda awana ngxaki yokutya. (Ikhathalogu yeziBonelelo eziNgoKutya ukutya, ngo-2014)

Inani lokuphazamiseka kokutya ngokobudala

Kwilizwe jikelele, i-13% yabasetyhini abadala kunama-50 amava okuziphatha okungalunganga. ( Ijenali yaMazwe ngaMazwe yeNgxaki zokutya (2012)
Iminyaka yobudala yokutya yokuphazamiseka kwasekuqaleni wayeneminyaka engama-21 ubudala yokutya kakhulu kunye neminyaka eli-18 ubudala ye-anorexia kunye ne-bulimia nervosa. ( Ijenali yeAmerican Academy yaBantwana kunye neengqondo zaBafikisayo (2010)
Ubuninzi bexesha lokuphazamiseka kwindlela yokutya eMelika yayiyi-2.7% kulutsha olufikisayo ngo-2001-2004. ( Ijenali yeAmerican Academy yaBantwana kunye neengqondo zaBafikisayo (2010)
Kubantwana abafikisayo abanengxaki yokutya, i-17- ukuya kwi-18 yeminyaka ubudala yayiyeyona ndawo ixhaphakileyo (3%). ( Ijenali yeAmerican Academy yaBantwana kunye neengqondo zaBafikisayo (2010)

Abaphandi balandela iqela lamantombazana angama-496 akwishumi elivisayo kwisixeko sase-US kwisithuba seminyaka esibhozo kwaye bafumanisa ukuba xa beneminyaka engama-20:

Ngaphezulu kwe-5% yamantombazana afezekisa iikhrayitheriya ze-anorexia, i-bulimia, okanye ingxaki yokutya kakhulu.
Ngaphezulu kwe-13% yamantombazana aye aba nengxaki yokutya xa kubandakanywa neempawu zokungahambi kakuhle ekutyeni.

(Ijenali yengqondo engaqhelekanga (2010)

Ukutya ukutya okuneengxaki zokutya

Ukutya okutyayo kukuphazamiseka kubonakala ngeziqwengana zokutya ukutya okungaqhelekanga ngexesha elincinci. Umntu onesifo sokungakwazi ukuzinkcinkca ngotywala uhlala evakalelwa kukutya kakhulu ngaphandle kolawulo lwakhe kwaye unokuziva eneentloni ngenxa yako.

Ukutya kakhulu kukuphazamiseka kwindlela yokutya e-US (Umbutho weSizwe wokuPhazamiseka kokutya)
Phantse iipesenti ezi-3 zabantu abadala banamava okutya kakhulu xa besitya. ( Ingqondo yengqondo (2007)
Abasetyhini baseMelika (iipesenti ezi-3.5) kunye namadoda (2%) bafumana ingxaki yokutya kakhulu ngexesha lokuphila kwabo, besenza ukuba ukutya okukutya kukuphinda-phinda kathathu okuqhelekileyo kune-anorexia kunye ne-bulimia edibeneyo. ( Ingqondo yengqondo (2007)
Ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha (i-43.6%) sabantu abanengxaki yokutya ngokuzinkcinkca baya kufumana unyango. ( Ugqirha woSapho we-Osteopathic , 2013)

Impembelelo yokuphazamiseka kwindlela otya ngayo

Malunga nomntu omnye uyafa ngeyure nganye njengesiphumo sokuphazamiseka kwindlela yokutya. (Umanyano lweengxaki zokutya, 2016)
Ukuphazamiseka kwindlela yokutya kunelona zinga liphezulu lokusweleka kuso nasiphi na isifo sengqondo. (USmink, F. E., van Hoeken, D., kunye noHoek, H. W., 2012)
I-Anorexia sesona sifo sengqondo sibulalayo. Olunye uphononongo lufumanise ukuba abantu abaneanorexia banamathuba angama-56 okuba bazibulale kunabantu abangenangxaki yokutya. (Umanyano lweengxaki zokutya, 2016)
Ukuya kuthi ga kwisiqingatha sabantu abanengxaki yokutya basebenzise kakubi utywala okanye iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni kwinqanaba eliphindwe kahlanu kunabantu ngokubanzi. (Iziko leLizwe kuTywala neziyobisi, 2003)
Uninzi lwabantu (iipesenti ezingama-97) zabantu ezibhedlele ngenxa yesifo sokutya banemeko yezempilo ebambisene nayo. Ukuphazamiseka kwemood, njengokudakumba okukhulu, zezona meko ziphambili zilandelwa kukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo, njengokuphazamiseka okungafunekiyo, ukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo kwasemva koxinzelelo, kunye nokuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa iziyobisi. ( Ukuphazamiseka kwindlela yokutya: Ijenali yonyango kunye nothintelo, Ngo-2014)
Abaguli abanesifo seswekile abanengxaki yokutya, besilwa nokulawula isifo seswekile, esibabeka esichengeni sesifo seswekile esifana nesifo sentliziyo, ukubetha, isifo sengqondo, ukungaboni, kunye nesifo sezintso.

Ezinxulumene: Amanani oxinzelelo ngo-2020

Ukunyanga iingxaki zokutya

Ngenxa yesiphumo sokuphazamiseka kwindlela otya ngayo emzimbeni nasengqondweni, ukhetho kunyango lubandakanya ukululekwa kwengqondo kunye nokutya kunye nokujonga, ngokwe Umbutho weSizwe weZinto eziNgxaki zokutya .

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lweengxaki zokutya, utshilo uHindell. Kukho iinkqubo zokuhlala, iinkqubo zesibhedlele, iinkqubo zonyango losuku. Uninzi lwabantu abanengxaki yokutya, kwaye abantu endibabonayo ngabantu abasebenza ngokukuko, zihlala ziindidi ezigqibeleleyo, ezenza kakuhle ngokudibanisa i-psychotherapy, iiseshoni ezinesondlo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha, i-psychopharmacology.

Ngokunyanga ingxaki yokutya, iipesenti ezingama-60 zezigulana zichacha ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngumntu omnye kwabali-10 abanengxaki yokutya oya kuthi afune kwaye afumane unyango.