Nazi iindlela ezilungileyo zomshuwalense wezempilo kubantu abazisebenzelayo
InkampaniUlahlile ubumbano eMelika kwaye uthathe isigqibo sokuba ngumphathi wakho. Siyavuyisana nawe! Uyinxalenye yomkhosi okhulayo wabasebenzi abaziqeshileyo.
Ngokwe- Inkonzo yangaphakathi yeNgeniso , umntu oshishino ngaye kwaye owenza isivumelwano seenkonzo zakhe kwamanye amashishini uthathwa njengomntu ozisebenzelayo. Unokuva umntu ozisebenzelayo ekubhekiswa kuye njenge-freelancer okanye ikontrakta ezimeleyo.
Ngokuqinisekileyo 9.6 yezigidi zabasebenzi eUnited States ziingxelo ezizimeleyo kwi-Bureau of Labor Statistics, i-arhente karhulumente elandelela ezo zinto. Kwaye amanani kulindeleke ukuba anyuke kuphela, kuqikelelwa ukuba li-103 lezigidi zabantu baseMelika abazibala njengabazisebenzelayo ngo-2026. Oko kukunyuka nge-7.9 yepesenti.
Ukuzisebenzela kuthetha ukuba izinto zenkampani, ezinje ngeinshurensi yezempilo, azibonelelwa ngumqeshi. Ukukhetha owona mthombo ungcono we-inshurensi kunokuba nzima.
Zeziphi ezona ndlela zikhethekileyo zokuzenzela ngokwakho zeinshurensi yezempilo?
Izibonelelo kunye nezinto ozonwabileyo nomsebenzi wenkampani azinikwanga kwisivumelwano sephakheji xa uziqeshile. Wena kunye namalungu osapho lwakho kuya kufuneka nizinyamekele ngokwenu ukufumana i-inshurensi yezempilo. Cingaukulandela ukhetho xa usenza isigqibo sokuba loluphi ukhathalelo lwempilo olulungele wena:
Iinketho eziqhelekileyo zeinshurensi yezempilo
Urhulumente okanye indawo yentengiso yomdibaniso
Unokufanelekela ukubhalisa kwisicwangciso seinshurensi ngokusebenzisa Indawo yeNtengiso ye-Inshurensi yezeMpilo (ekwabizwa ngokuba nguMthetho woKhathalelo ongenakufikeleleka okanye i-Obamacare) ukuba ungusonkontileka ozimeleyo, umcebisi, umntu osebenza yedwa, okanye olunye uhlobo lomsebenzi ozimeleyo. Kukho iindidi ezininzi zomshuwalense wezempilo onokukhetha kuzo, ezinye zinezicwangciso ezineepremiyamu eziphantsi. Ubhaliso oluvulekileyo nguNovemba 1 ukuya kuDisemba 15; Nangona kunjalo, unokufumana i-inshurensi ngaphandle kwaleyo mihla ukuba unemeko ekhethekileyo-umzekelo, uphulukene nomsebenzi. Ungandwendwela www.healthcare.gov ukuze ufunde okungakumbi malunga nokukhetha kwakho kwindawo yentengiso yomdibaniso.
Unyango
Izigidi zabantu baseMelika zibonelelwa ngexabiso eliphantsi okanye ukhuselo lwasimahla ngeMedicaid. Unokuziqesha kwaye ulungele iMedicaid ukuba indlu yakho iwela ngaphantsi kwenqanaba elithile lemali engenayo (eyahluka ngakwilizwe, nangona urhulumente wobumbano ebeka imigangatho emincinci), kwaye ukuba udibana nezinye iindlela zokufaneleka. Akukho xesha livulekileyo lokubhalisa kwiMedicaid, ke unokufaka isicelo ngalo naliphi na ixesha. Ndwendwela isebe lakho lasekuhlaleni okanye likarhulumente lweenkonzo zentlalo ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga nokugubungela phantsi kweMedicaid, kwaye ubone ukuba uyafaneleka na.
Unyango
Ukuba uneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu, unokufanelekela izibonelelo zeMedare. Kananjalo unokuhlangabezana nemigaqo ye-Medicare ukuba ubuneminyaka emibini ukhubazekile kuKhuseleko lweNtlalo (SSD), okanye ukuba une-ALS (Isifo sikaLou Gehrig) okanye unesifo se-End State Renal Disease (ESRD).
Isicwangciso somqeshi ngelungu losapho
Ukuba iqabane lakho okanye iqabane liqeshwe, jonga ukuba kungabiza malini ukuya kwisicwangciso se-inshurensi yezempilo yenkampani. Nokuba awutshatanga ngokusemthethweni, unokufanelekela. Abanye abaqeshi banikela ngento ebizwa ngokuba yimbambano yobambiswano lwasekhaya kwabo bakwintsebenziswano yasekhaya. Ukuba wena neqabane lakho (kubandakanya abantu abathandana besini esinye) nihlala kunye kwaye nihlala ubomi basekhaya kunye, ninokufaneleka, okoko anizukutshata nomnye umntu. Qaphela, nangona kunjalo, ukuba umqeshi weqabane lakho uhlawula inxenye yepremiyamu yakho yeinshurensi yezempilo, kuya kufuneka uhlawule irhafu kuyo. Ukongeza, ezinye iinkampani zilususa olu hlobo lokugubungela. Uya kuba nempumelelo enkulu ukuba iqabane lakho lisebenzela inkampani enkulu. Ngokwe- Isiseko seHlabathi seZicwangciso seziBonelelo zaBasebenzi , ngaphezulu kwe-75% yeenkampani ezinabasebenzi abangama-10,000 okanye nangaphezulu kunokwenzeka ukuba baqhubeke nokubonelela ngezibonelelo zokhathalelo lwempilo kumaqabane afanayo nabesini esahlukileyo.
Ukongeza, ukuba ungaphantsi kweminyaka engama-26, unokugutyungelwa phantsi kwesicwangciso seinshurensi yezempilo yabazali bakho ngokwe-Affordable Care Act.
I-inshurensi yabucala
Unokukhetha isicwangciso seinshurensi yezempilo ngenkampani yabucala yeinshurensi. Unako, nangona kunjalo, ukuhlawula iipremiyamu eziphezulu zenyanga kunokuba ubunesicwangciso seqela. I-inshurensi enikezelwa ngoMthetho woKhathalelo ongenakufikeleleka, umzekelo, iya kuba neendleko ezifanelekileyo ngakumbi kune-inshurensi yezempilo yabucala, ngelixa ibonelela ngezibonelelo ezifanayo. Ukuba unomgaqo-nkqubo we-inshurensi onokutsalwa ngaphezulu, cinga ngokuvula ifayile ye- iakhawunti yokonga impilo (HSA), apho ungafaka khona imali, ngaphandle kwirhafu, ukuze isetyenziselwe iindleko zonyango.
Izicwangciso zezempilo zombutho
Ukuba ungumsebenzi ozisebenzelayo onenani elincinci labasebenzi, jonga kwi Isicwangciso sezempilo somanyano . Eminye imibutho (enje nge-Writers Guild yaseMelika West kunye ne-Freelancers Union) ibonelela ngamalungu ngezicwangciso zokhathalelo lwempilo kumaxabiso eqela. Imibutho ifumana la maxabiso afikelelekayo ngakumbi kumaqela kuba adibana nabanye kurhwebo olufanayo okanye kumzi-mveliso ukwenza amaqela amakhulu. Kodwa kukho ezantsi. Eminye yemibutho ifuna ukuba ubonise iingxelo zerhafu kunye namanye amaphepha ukubonisa ukuba ufumene isixa esithile (esiya kuthi sigqibe) njengomsebenzi ozimeleyo. Kuya kufuneka ukuba uhlawule imali yobulungu. Ezinye izicwangciso zemibutho yezempilo zisenokunganiki ingxelo ebanzi njengezinye izicwangciso, kwaye bekukho iinkxalabo malunga nokusonjululwa kwezicwangciso ezithile zemibutho yezempilo, zibashiya bengakwazi ukuhlawula amabango amalungu abo. Kwi-2018, ulawulo lukaTrump lwazisa amanyathelo avumela abantu abaninzi ukuba bafikelele kwii-AHPs (umzekelo, abo bazisebenzelayo kwaye abanabasebenzi), kodwa iinguqu wadutyulwa phantsi enkundleni kwaye bayabhena. Thetha kumthengisi weinshurensi okanye ujonge Isebe Lezabasebenzi iwebhusayithi yolwazi lwamva nje.
Izicwangciso zokwabelana ngempilo
Izicwangciso zokwabelana ngempilo ayiyo-inshurensi yezempilo. Endaweni yokuba zizicwangciso ezabelana ngeendleko zokhathalelo lwempilo phakathi kwamalungu eqela lokwabelana ngezempilo. Uhlawula ipremiyamu (ngokusekwe kwisicwangciso osikhethileyo) esifakwe kwingxowa-mali yoluntu. Xa ufuna unyango, ityala lihlawulwe kwingxowa-mali. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele, nangona kunjalo, ukuba uninzi lwezi zicwangciso lusekelwe kwinkolo, kwaye iinkonzo ezithile zonyango (ezinje ngolawulo lokuzalwa okanye ukukhupha isisu) zisenokungagutyungelwa. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba ayenzi i-inshurensi yezempilo, ezi zicwangciso zokwabelana azihambelani ne-ACA, kwaye ayinakho ukugubungela abantu abaneemeko esele zikho. Ezinye izicwangciso zokwabelana ngempilo zikwanomda kwimali abanokuyihlawula kumabango amalungu abo, anokuba yingxaki kubantu abaphuhlisa iingxaki zonyango.
Izinketho zeinshurensi yezempilo yexesha elifutshane
I-COBRA
TWadibanisa Umthetho woXolelwaniso lohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwe-Omnibus (I-COBRA) ikuqinisekisa ngelungelo lokuhlala okwethutyana phantsi kwesicwangciso seinshurensi yezempilo yomqeshi owayesakuba ngumqeshi emva kokushiya umsebenzi. Ungahlala ixesha elingakanani ngokwahluka. Umzekelo, ukuba uphelisiwe emsebenzini ngenxa yezizathu ezingezizo zokuziphatha gwenxa, unokuhlala ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezili-18; yeminye imicimbi efanelekileyo, unokuhlala ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezingama-36. Ngokutsho kweSebe lezeMisebenzi lase-US, kukho ezinye iimfuno zokufaneleka. Ngaphezu koko, nangona ingxelo iyafana, kuyakufuneka uhlawule ngaphezulu kwe-pocket ye-inshurensi kuba umqeshi wakho akasayi kuxhasa nayiphi na.
Izicwangciso zezempilo zexesha elifutshane
Izicwangciso zezempilo zexesha elifutshane zezethutyana, unyaka wonke, iipremiyamu eziphantsi / izicwangciso zokhathalelo lwempilo ezitsalwayo, ezinokuthi ngokubona kweinshurensi, zihlaziyeke ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka emithathu. Kodwa bayasilela kwiindawo ezininzi. Okokuqala, abazifihli iimeko esele zikho. Kananjalo abagubungeli ukukhathalela ukubeleka, impilo yengqondo, okanye amayeza kagqirha. Kwaye uninzi lwazo aluyibeki into onokuyihlawula kwiindleko ezingaphandle kwepokotho.
Izinto ezi-5 zokuqwalaselwa xa ukhetha i-inshurensi yezempilo
Ngezinto ezininzi ezikhoyo onokukhetha kuzo, jonga oku kulandelayo xa unciphisa ukhetho lwakho:
1. Sebenzisa umrhwebi okanye iarhente
Kukho amaxesha amaninzi xa kufikwa kwizicwangciso zeinshurensi yezempilo. Umzekelo, kunokubakho iPlatinam, iSilivere, okanye iBronze — zonke ezi zibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ngeendleko ezahlukeneyo. Umrhwebi okanye iarhente inokukunceda uhlele kuzo zonke iindlela onokukhetha kuzo kunye nejoggon kwaye ufumane isicwangciso esikulungele.
Onke amazwe aneNkqubo yoNcedo lwe-Inshurensi yezeMpilo kaRhulumente (i-SHIP), enokuthi ibonelele ngoncedo olungakhethi cala ekufumaneni isicwangciso esifanelana neemfuno zakho. Unokufumana uncedo olungakhethi cala ekufumaneni isicwangciso ngokubiza umnxeba woncedo kwindawo yentengiso, okanye 1-800-Medicare (ukuba uyafaneleka kwiMedicare).
2. Khangela inkxaso
Ngokuxhomekeke kubakaki bakho bemivuzo, unokufanelekela i-inshurensi yezempilo ngexabiso elincitshisiweyo okanye ngaphandle kwendleko (iMedicaid). Kuyanceda ukwazi ukuba zeziphi iinkxaso-mali onelungelo kuzo ngelixa ufumana esona sicwangciso silungileyo.
3. Bala inqanaba lakho lomvuzo ngokuchanekileyo
Xa uthenga i-inshurensi ngeNdawo yeNtengiso yezeMpilo, iipremiyamu zakho zixhomekeke kwingeniso yakho kulo nyaka umiyo. Oko kuthetha ukuba, njenge-freelancer, kuya kufuneka uzame kwaye uqikelele ngokuchanekileyo ukuba uza kuba wenza malini kwikota ezine zonyaka. Oko kunokuba yinkohliso, ke thatha ixesha lokucinga ngendlela obusenza ngayo ngaphambili, zibuze ukuba ngaba uqikelelo lwakho luyinyani, kwaye ujonge okwenzekayo kushishino lwakho olunokuthi lube nefuthe kumvuzo wakho. Ukuba wenza imali engaphezulu kunokuba ubucinga, kungafuneka uhlawule imali efunyenwe ngetyala. Ukuba uqikelele kancinane kakhulu, usenokuba uphulukene nolondolozo.
4. Cinga ngexabiso lezicwangciso
Ukophula i-bhanki kwisicwangciso seinshurensi yezempilo njengomntu oziqeshileyo ngokucacileyo ayifanelekanga. Kodwa awungekhe ufune ukuhlala kweyona ndlela inexabiso eliphantsi, nokuba. Ukuzisebenzela nokuzenzela ishishini lakho luxinzelelo ngokwaneleyo. Awudingi ukuba nexhala elongeziweyo malunga nokuza kwenzeka kuwe okanye kumalungu osapho lwakho ukuba imeko yezempilo-kunye nokunyuka kweebhilidi zonyango ezihamba nayo-kuvela.
Umgaqo olungileyo wesithupha kukwazi ukuba isicwangciso esisezantsi sitsaliwe, ipremiyamu iya kuba phezulu inyanga nganye. Ukuhlengahlengisa ukuba ingaba isicwangciso esisezantsi / sokukhathalela impilo (okanye ngokuchaseneyo) sikulungele, jonga ubudala bakho, impilo iyonke, ukuba ubatyelele kangaphi oogqirha, nokuba ngaba unazo na iimeko zempilo esele zikhona.
5. Yazi ukuba ngubani oza kubandakanya
Iinshurensi zihlala zibiza ngaphezulu kwizicwangciso zokhathalelo lwempilo ezibandakanya ngaphezulu komntu omnye. Ukuba unomlingane okanye iqabane lasekhaya eliqeshwe, kunenzuzo ukufumana iindleko zokufumana kwisicwangciso ngaphambi kokuba ubhalisele entsha.
Kutheni ungafuni ukuqinisekiswa
Ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu zeinshurensi yabucala kunye nolunye ukhetho, kunokuba ngumtsalane ukuphuma ngaphandle. Kodwa ukukhetha ukuhamba ungakhuselwanga kunokubangela iziphumo ezimbalwa ezimbi.
Izohlwayo zerhafu
Ngelixa urhulumente womdibaniso engasayi kuhlawulisa isohlwayo ukuba unako ukufikelela kwimali yezempilo kodwa ukhethe ukungayithengi, oko akuthethi ukuba ilizwe lakho liza kukuvumela ukuba ungabinayo i-scot-free. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, eMassachusetts, eNew Jersey, naseVermont bahlawulisa abo bahlupha i-inshurensi yezempilo, kwaye amazwe amaninzi acinga ngokulandela le nto.
Izibonelelo zerhafu
I-IRS ikuvumela ukuba uthathe ukuncitshiswa kwe-inshurensi yezempilo ukuba wenze ingeniso ngaloo nyaka. Olu luhlengahlengiso kwimali engenayo (hayi ukuncitshiswa kwerhafu ebhaliweyo) kwiipremiyamu ozihlawuleleyo kwi-inshurensi yezempilo yokufumana unyango kunye neinshurensi yokhathalelo lwexesha elide wena, iqabane lakho kunye nabantu abaxhomekeke kuwe. Ngaphezulu, usenokukwazi ukunciphisa isixa seendleko zakho zonyango (kwizinto ezinje ngotyelelo logqirha, iifizi zesibhedlele, kunye neiglasi zamehlo ezibhalwe ngugqirha) ezidlula i-7.5% yengeniso yakho eguqulweyo.
Iindleko eziphuma epokothweni
Abo ba-inshurensi bahlala benesigqubuthelo semali abaza kuyihlawula ngaphandle kwepokotho. Abantu abangenayo i-inshurensi abanawo umda. Abantu abangaqinisekiswanga banokujongana nesibhilidi semashumi okanye amakhulu amawaka eedola ukuba bayasokola kwinto efana nesifo sentliziyo okanye ingozi esongela ubomi. Ukungabinayo i-inshurensi kunokubiza kakhulu, ngokukhawuleza.
Iza kuba yimalini i-inshurensi yezempilo xa uzisebenzele?
Ngezinto ezininzi ezifana nobudala bakho, apho uhlala khona, apho ufumana khona i-inshurensi kwaye loluphi uhlobo lwesicwangciso osikhethileyo, ngumbuzo ophantse ungabinakuphendulwa. Ngokophando olwenziwe ngo-2019 ngezibonelelo zezempilo zomqeshi ezenziwa yi Isiseko soSapho seKaiser , ipremiyamu yabantu abangatshatanga ababhalise kwi-inshurensi yezempilo yenkampani yabo yaqhuba i-7,188 yeedola ngonyaka, umqeshwa ehlawula i-18% yaloo – okanye malunga ne- $ 400 ngenyanga. Kwaye eso sisicwangciso esixhaswe yinkampani ngokuyinxenye exhaswa ngemali. Njengonokontraka ozimeleyo (ngaphandle kokuba ufanelekile kwinkxaso karhulumente okanye kwiMedicare), ungalindela ukuhlawula ubuncinci kakhulu, kwaye nangaphezulu. Izibonelelo zerhafu ezichazwe apha ngasentla zinokunceda ukuhlawula iindleko. Kananjalo unakho ukukhathalela umntu ongatshatanga.
Inkqubo ye- I-singleCare yokusebenzisa ikhadi lasimahla lokusebenzisa amayeza inokukugcina ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezingama-80 kwimigqaliselo ekwiikhemesti ezingaphezu kwama-35,000 kwilizwe liphela, kubandakanya i-CVS, Ithagethi, iWalmart, nokunye okuninzi. Ngokomndilili, abasebenzisi be-SingleCare bagcina i-avareji ye- $ 150 ngonyaka kwimigqaliselo yabo. Akukho zintlawulo okanye ukubhaliswa nge-SingleCare kwaye kwanabo banezicwangciso zokumiselwa zi-inshurensi banokuyisebenzisa kwaye bayigcine. Ixabiso lethu ngamanye amaxesha liya kukunika ixabiso eliphantsi kunentlawulo yakho yeinshurensi. Sebenzisa singlecare.com ukukhangela amayeza akho kwaye ufumane ikhemesti ekufutshane nawe enamayeza akho ngexabiso eliphantsi.
Okukwintsusa: Musa ukuzibeka emngciphekweni wokungabinayo i-inshurensi yezempilo-unokugqibela uchithe imali engaphezulu ukuba uhlala ungaqinisekiswanga. Izicwangciso zeinshurensi yezempilo yabantu abaziqeshileyo zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo ohlala kuyo kunye nengeniso yakho. Thatha ixesha lokwenza umsebenzi wakho wasekhaya kwaye ujonge iindlela ezininzi onokuzigcina kugubungela.
