Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zeMetformin kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela

Ulwazi lweziyobisi

IMetformin lunyango oluchasene nesifo seswekile (ngokwezobuchwephesha oluhlelwe njenge-biguanide) oogqirha abaqhele ukumisela unyango lwe-2 yeswekile kunye ne-prediabetes. Inceda ukulawula amanqanaba eglucose egazini kunye nokubuyisela impendulo yomzimba kwi-insulin. I-Metformin inokunyanga i-polycystic ovary syndrome (i-PCOS). Amagama egama aziwayo e-metformin abandakanya Iswekile yeglucophage , Fortamet, Uqhulo , kunye noRiomet.

Zombini iintlobo zeswekile 2 kunye ne-PCOS ziimeko eziqhelekileyo zempilo, nganye inamatyala amatsha angama-200,000 e-US minyaka le. Izigidi zabantu abadala zisemngciphekweni wohlobo lweswekile 2, ngokwe-CDC yesaziso sempilo yoluntu.

Ukuba uye wafumanisa ukuba unayo nayiphi na imeko, amathuba okuba, i-metformin lukhetho lonyango lwakho. Ukufunda malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-metformin, izilumkiso, kunye nokunxibelelana inyathelo lokuqala eliluncedo ekufumaneni ukuqonda okungcono kwesiyobisi.

Yintoni imetformin?

I-Metformin ixhaphake kakhulu ukunceda abantu abanesifo seswekile sesi-2. Uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile lubangelwa kukunganyangeki kwe-insulin okanye ukunciphisa ubuntununtunu be-insulin, oko kuthetha ukuba umzimba awuphenduli ngokufanelekileyo kwi-insulin. Abantu abane-2 yeswekile okanye kwisifo seswekile unehyperglycemia (iswekile ephezulu yegazi). I-Metformin isebenza ngokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-glucose kwisibindi kunye nokunciphisa ukufunxwa komzimba we-glucose, zombini ezinceda ukunciphisa amanqanaba eswekile yegazi. Kukholelwa ukuba i-metformin yonyusa ubuntununtunu be-insulin, encedisa ukuthoba amanqanaba eglucose.

I-Metformin inokumiselwa ngaphandle kwelebheli ukunyanga i-polycystic ovary syndrome ( I-PCOS ), imeko enokubangela amanqanaba aphezulu e-insulin anyusa umngcipheko wesifo seswekile. Eli yeza linceda ukuba kuqheleke amanqanaba e-insulin kwaye kunokwenzeka phucula ukuchuma .

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazelekayo ze-metformin

Ukufunda malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-metformin kubalulekile njengokufunda malunga nezibonelelo. Njengawo nawaphi na amayeza, kuhlala kukho umngcipheko onokubakho. Ezi zezinye zeempembelelo eziqhelekileyo ze-metformin:

• Urhudo
• Isicaphucaphu
• Isisu esimoshakele
• I-Metallic incasa emlonyeni
• Ukuhlanza
• Ukuqunjelwa sisisu
• Ukuhla ukusinda
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• Isitshisa
• Ukuqhawula
• Khohlela
• Ukulala
• Ukuqunjelwa
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukuchama kubuhlungu okanye kunzima
• I-Asthenia
• Ukunciphisa amanqanaba e-vitamin B12

Ngaba i-metformin ibangela ukunciphisa umzimba?

Inkxalabo eqhelekileyo malunga ne-metformin kukuba ibangela ukunciphisa umzimba. Ngelixa kunokubangela ukwehla kobunzima ngokutshintsha indlela umzimba ogcina ngayo amanqatha, oku akuthethi ukuba wonke umntu othatha ichiza uyakulahla ubunzima, okanye kufuneka ulisebenzise ukunciphisa umzimba.

Iziphumo zeecala lemetformin zihlala ixesha elingakanani?

Iziphumo ezinokuthi ziqale xa uqala ukuthatha i-metformin. Abanye abantu, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziya kuhamba kungekudala emva kokuba umzimba uhlengahlengiso kunyango. Kwabanye, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokuhlala ixesha elide okanye zibe mandundu. Uninzi lwabantu luthatha i-metformin ixesha elide, ke ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga aziyi kuhamba, zinokubangela umonakalo wexesha elide. Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-metformin zinokuhamba ingabonwa , ngoko ke ukuhlolwa rhoqo kubalulekile.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu ze-metformin

IMetformin inxulunyaniswa neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi, zexesha elide. Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziyingozi ezibangelwa yi-metformin ziyingozi kwaye zifuna unyango kwangoko. Ukuba ufumana oku kulandelayo, nxibelelana noochwephesha kwangoko:

• Ukudinwa
• Ukulala ngokungaqhelekanga
• Ingxaki yokuphefumla
• Isantya sentliziyo esicothayo okanye esingaqhelekanga
• Ubumhlophe obukhanyayo okanye isiyezi

Ukuthatha i-metformin ixesha elandisiweyo kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zexesha elide. I-Metformin inokuchaphazela amandla omzimba okufumana i-vitamin B12 kwaye ibangele ukusilela kwe-vitamin B12. Kudla ngokufuneka ukuba abantu bathathe i-metformin ukufumana uvavanyo lwegazi rhoqo ukujonga amanqanaba abo e-vitamin B12.

Nangona kunqabile, i-metformin inokubangela ukusabela komzimba. Iimpawu zokungabikho komzimba zibandakanya ukuphefumla nzima, ukudumba kobuso okanye izandla, kunye nerhashalala. Kuya kufuneka ufune unyango kwangoko ukuba uyakholelwa ukuba uhlangabezana nempendulo.

Lactic acidosis

Ukuthatha i-metformin kunokubangela imeko enkulu ebizwa ngokubaI-lactic acidosis, eyakhiweyo yelicic acid egazini. I-Lactic acidosis inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi kwaye phantse ihlala ifuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele. Ukusela kakhulu utywala ngelixa ukwimetformin kunokunyusa kakhulu umngcipheko wokufumana i-lactic acidosis. Iimpawu ze-lactic acidosis zibandakanya:

• Utywala okanye intloko
• Intlungu yezihlunu
• Ukuba buthathaka kakhulu okanye ukudinwa
• Ingxaki yokuphefumla
• Isantya sentliziyo esikhawulezayo okanye esicothayo
• Ukuhluza ulusu
• Ukunciphisa ukutya
• Intlungu ebuhlungu esiswini

Ukuba ufumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandla ekuthatheni i-metformin, kungcono ukubiza ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Uya kukunika iingcebiso malunga nento oza kuyenza ngokulandelayo, kwaye angakuxelela ukuba uyeke ukuthatha i-metformin.

Izilumkiso zeMetformin

I-Metformin ayililo iyeza elifanelekileyo kubantu abane-1 yeswekile. Ngokuqhelekileyo ithathwa njengelungileyo kubantwana nakubantu abadala abane-2 yeswekile okanye i-prediabetes, ukuba nje ugqirha uyayivuma, kodwa iidosi ziyahluka. Kubantu abadala ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-80, i-metformin yiyo emiselweyo ngononophelo kwimeko-ngamatyala.

Abantu abaneemeko ezithile zempilo banomngcipheko okhulayo wokufumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ekuthatheni i-metformin. Nabani na onesifo sentliziyo esixineneyo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesibindi, okanye isifo seswekile ketoacidosis akufuneki athathe i-metformin.

Abantu abaneengxaki zegazi, iingxaki zezintso, isifo sezintso, isifo sesibindi, okanye iingxaki zokuphefumla kufuneka baqaphele ukuthatha i-metformin. Ukuba nayiphi na kwezi meko kunye nokuthatha i-metformin kunokubangela ukuba i-metformin ingasebenzi kakuhle okanye ibangele iingxaki ezongezekileyo zempilo, ezinjenge-lactic acidosis.Le meko ibangela i-lactic acid egazini kwaye inokubulala.

Olunye uphononongo lubonisa ukuba i-metformin inokuba nemingcipheko egqitha kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo. Ulawulo lwezoKutya kunye noLawulo lweziyobisi (i-FDA) luphanda ukuba ingaba i-metformin iqulethe carcinogens , Kunye a Ufundo lwe-2018 iphakamisa ukuba i-metformin inokunciphisa ezinye izibonelelo ezilungileyo zokuzivocavoca i-aerobic kubantu abadala.

Okwangoku, ezinye zeentsomi ze-metformin zikhutshiwe. Abanye bacinga ukuba i-metformin ibangela isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kodwa isifundo sipapashwe ngoFebruwari 2019 ifumanise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-metformin kunxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko wokuncipha kwengqondo.

Nangona i-metformin ingasebenzi kwabanye abantu, ezi zilumkiso akufuneki ziyiphikise into yokuba isanceda abantu abaninzi kwihlabathi liphela ukulawula iimeko zabo zempilo.

Ukudibana kweMetformin

Amanye amayeza angenza i-metformin ingasebenzi kakuhle okanye ibe mbi.

Umzekelo, ukuthatha i-metformin nge-insulin ekhupha iipilisi okanye i-insulin kunokubangela i-hypoglycemia (iswekile esezantsi yegazi), ngokwe IZiko lokuFunda ngeSwekile kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia . Abantu abaninzi abathatha i-metformin baya kufuna ukubeka esweni amanqanaba egazi ngokusondeleyo. Iimpawu zehypoglycemia zibandakanya ukuba nesiyezi, ukungcangcazela, ukudideka, ukudinwa nokuphelelwa ngamandla.

I-Metformin inokusebenzisana namanye amayeza, kubandakanya amayeza e-diuretic, amayeza e-steroid, amayeza athile e-thyroid, izithinteli zomlomo, kunye ne-calcium channel ethintela iziyobisi ezinje nge-nifedipine, utshilo uChirag Shah, MD, kunye nomseki Push impilo , iqonga lezempilo elikwi-intanethi. Ngenxa yoluhlu olubanzi lokunxibelelana ngamayeza, kubalulekile ukuba uphonononge iyeza langoku lesigulana ngaphambi kokumisela i-metformin.

Ukwenza uluhlu lwazo zonke izongezo kunye amayeza amayeza owathathayo kunye nokwabelana ngawo nogqirha wakho kuya kukunceda uphephe iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokuvela ekuthatheni i-metformin nenye into.

La mayeza alandelayo anokusebenzisana kakubi ne-metformin:

• I-antibiotics yeQuinolone
• I-Thiazide yomchamo
• I-Verapamil
• Amayeza alawulwa phambi kwe-MRIs, i-X-Rays, okanye i-CT scan
• I-ethanol
• Izidakamizwa ezingekho-steroidal ezichasayo (i-NSAID)
• Amayeza steroid
• Amayeza e-thyroid

Ugqirha okanye omnye ugqirha wezonyango unokukunika uluhlu olupheleleyo lwamachiza asebenzisana kakubi ne-metformin.

Ungaziphepha njani iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zemetformin

1. Thatha idosi engaguquguqukiyo

Kungcono ukulandela imiyalelo yomenzi ngendlela yokusebenzisa iyeza ukunciphisa amathuba okuba ube neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-metformin. Uninzi lwezigulana zithatha i-metformin rhoqoIiyure ezili-12. Ukuhlala uthabatha idosi efanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunokunceda ukunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Imilinganiselo esemgangathweni ye-metformin yabantu abadala i-1000 mg ithathwa kabini imihla ngemihla kunye nokutya. Ukuthatha metforminnokutyainokukunceda ukuphelisa okanye ukunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinxulumene nesisu. Ukulahleka okanye ukweqa idosi ye-metformin kunokwenza iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zibi ngakumbi.

2. Yenza indlela yokuphila kunye notshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo

Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila lelinye icandelo eliphambili kulawulo lwesifo seswekile okanye i-prediabetes. Ukuzilolonga rhoqo kunako kuchaphazela ngokuqinisekileyo uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye namanqanaba eglucose egazini kubantu abane-2 yeswekile. Ukutya okuthile okunje ngeswekile ecoliweyo, utywala, kunye neeoyile ze-hydrogenated kunokubangela iswekile ephezulu yegazi, ke ukuziphepha kunokuba luncedo kakhulu.

Ukutya kunye nokuzilolonga akunakusebenza njengeendlela ezizezinye ze-metformin, kodwa zisenokuphucula umgangatho wobomi. Eyona ndlela yokunciphisa amathuba okufumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ngelixa uthatha i-metformin kukuthetha nogqirha wakho.

3. Funa ezinye iindlela

Kukho ezinye iindlela zokwenza i-metformin kubantu abaneemeko zempilo ezibathintelayo ekuthatheni i-metformin, okanye kwabo bangakwaziyo ukuthatha i-metformin ngenxa yeziphumo zayo ebezingalindelekanga. Abo banesifo seswekile sesi-2 banokuzuza kwi-SGLT2 inhibitors, amayeza e-GLP1, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, gliptins, okanye pioglitazone.

Ukuthetha nogqirha wakho yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufunda ngamanye amayeza anokulungela wena ngokusekwe kwimbali yakho yezonyango kunye neempawu ezizezinye.

IMetformin Vs. metformin ER

I-Metformin kunye ne-metformin eyandisiweyo-yokukhululwa (i-ER) ngokuyimfuneko iyeza elifanayo, kodwa abaguli abathathi metformin ER rhoqo. I-ER imele ukukhutshwa okwandisiweyo, oko kuthetha ukuba umzimba ubamba i-metformin ER ngokuthe chu kune-metformin yesiqhelo. Omabini la machiza anceda abantu abanesifo seswekile 2 kunye ne-prediabetes ukulawula amanqanaba eswekile yegazi.

I-Metformin, ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-metformin-release-release (IR), ihlala ithathwa kabini ngemini. I-Metformin ER ithathwa kancinci, ngesiqhelo kanye ngemini. Umgangatho osemgangathweni we-metformin ER kubantu abadala abane-2 yeswekile yi-1000-2000 mg. Abanye abantu banokufuna ukuthatha i-metformin ER kabini yonke imihla. Ingcali yokhathalelo lwempilo inokumisela oku kwimeko-ngamatyala.

IMetformin ER Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwegama lophawu Iswekile yeglucose XR . Izigulana ezinesisu esibuhlungu kunye ne-metformin eqhelekileyo inokutshintshela kwi-Metformin ER, ekunyamezeleke ngcono.Thatha i-metformin ER njengoko kuyalelwe ngugqirha wakho. Abanye oogqirha banokucebisa ukuthatha i-metformin ER kube kanye kusasa ngesidlo sakusasa okanye ngokuhlwa ngesidlo sangokuhlwa. Ukuthatha i-metformin ERnokutyaUnokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinje ngesisu kunye nesifo sohudo.

IMetformin Vs. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-metformin ER

Ngokufanayo kwi-metformin, iziphumo ze-metformin ze-ER zinokubandakanya:

• Isicaphucaphu
• Urhudo
• Isitshisa
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• I-Metallic incasa emlonyeni
• Ukudinwa
• Ubumhlophe
• Iintlungu zemisipha
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo okucothayo okanye okungaqhelekanga

Njenge-metformin, i-metformin ER inokunyusa umngcipheko we-lactic acidosis.

Ingcali yezonyango inokunika uluhlu olupheleleyo lweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-metformin kunye ne-metformin iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kukuthetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo.