Yintoni ubugosa bokuthintela iintsholongwane? Ungayiqhelanisa njani

Ulwazi lweziyobisi

Ukhohlele kakubi, impumlo exineneyo, kunye nomqala obuhlungu. Undwendwela umboneleli wakho wezempilo kwaye ubuze amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Umboneleli wakho wokhathalelo oluphambili uyala ukukunika amayeza kwaye uchaza ukuba unentsholongwane. Intsingiselo, olona nyango luphumlayo, ulwelo, kunye nezinye iindlela ze-OTC. Yintoni enika? Lo ngumzekelo wobugosa obulungileyo bokubulala iintsholongwane.

Ukuba into onayo inentsholongwane yokwenene, ngoko I-antibiotics ayiyi kusebenza -Zezentsholongwane kuphela. Unokushiya i-ofisi yomboneleli wakho wezempilo ikhathazekile kuba unamathele kugqirha ukuze ulale kwaye uhlambe amanzi endaweni yento enye ifumobillin . Kodwa, ngokuthemba isigwebo sakho sezonyango, wenza ubugosa obulungileyo bokubulala iintsholongwane.

Kubalulekile kuba ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwee-antibiotics kungakhokelela kwiingxaki ezininzi kubaboneleli bezempilo kunye nezigulana ngokufanayo. Nantsi ingxoxo yokuba kuthetha ukuthini ukuphatha ngobukho beentsholongwane kunye nazo zonke iindlela onokudlala ngazo indima ekuyikhuthazeni.

Kuthetha ntoni ukulawulwa kweyeza zintsholongwane?

Ubugosa be-Antibiotic, ngamanye amaxesha bukwabizwa ngokuba ligosa lokulwa i-antimicrobial, ngumzamo odibeneyo wabanikezeli bokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukwamkela uxanduva lokumisela amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Oko kubandakanya ukumisela amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane xa kufuneka (okt, usulelo lwebhaktiriya, hayi intsholongwane), ukumisela ii-antibiotics ezifanelekileyo kusulelo oluchongiweyo, nokumisela idosi elungileyo kunye ubude bonyango lwe-antibiotic , phakathi kwezinye izinto.

NgokwamaZiko oLawulo noThintelo lwezifo (CDC), egxile kwi Ukusetyenziswa ngendlela eyiyo kwee-antibiotics :

• Ukuphucula unyango lwezifo zebhakteria
• Ukhusela izigulana kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingeyomfuneko
• Inciphisa uhlobo lokusetyenziswa gwenxa olukhokelela kwintsholongwane enganyangekiyo okanye izilwanyana ezinkulu

Ukuyalela oogqirha kuthetha ukuba kulungile-bafuna ukulungisa abantu, kwaye ixesha elifutshane elisezantsi kuninzi lwee-antibiotics zincinci kuba zihlala zikhuselekile kwaye zingabizi, uyachaza Umfundi waseHouston Ingcali yesifo esosulelayo uRichard Harris, MD.

Ingxaki, utshilo uGqirha Harris, iza xa uninzi lwezigulana ozama ukuzilungisa azidingi nyango ulunikezelayo: Ufuna ukuqiniseka ukuba akukho nto uyiphosayo, kodwa uphela ugqitha kuma-50. abaguli] kwisigulana ngasinye esidinga ukunyangwa.

Iqale nini into yokuba ligosa lokubulala iintsholongwane?

Kuba kuninzi ukusetyenziswa kwezigulana ezingalaliswayo kunye nezigulisayo, iinkqubo zobugosa ziphuhlile kwilizwe liphela ukunciphisa ukumiselwa okungafunekiyo kwezi ziyobisi. Akucaci ncam ukuba ezi nkqubo zisebenze njani ukuya phantse kuzo zonke izibhedlele ezikhulu kunye nendawo zononophelo lwempilo e-United States, kodwa uGqirha Harris uthi eli nyathelo kwakukudala lilindelwe (ukusukela ngo-2018, phantse I-85% yezibhedlele kwilizwe liphela behlangabezana nezikhokelo zeCDC).

Umbutho wezeMpilo kwi-Epidemiology yaseMelika ( SHEA ) ngomnye umbutho okhuthaza iinkqubo zobugosa bokulwa i-antimicrobial, ukubonelela ngezixhobo kunye nezixhobo kubaqeqeshi bezempilo ukuze baphumeze kwizibhedlele zononophelo olukhulu kunye namaziko onyango lwexesha elide kwilizwe lonke. Ngokuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwee-antimicrobials, i-SHEA ithi ezi nkqubo zonyusa iziphumo zezigulana, zinciphisa ukumelana ne-antimicrobial, kunye nokunciphisa usulelo olunxulumene nokunakekelwa kwempilo phakathi kolunye uphuculo lomgangatho.

UKathryn A. Boling, MD, umboneleli okhathalelayo ophambili IZiko lezoNyango leNceba E-Baltimore, uyavuma, ukubiza ukutshintshwa kugxilwe ekusebenziseni i-antibiotiki utshintsho oluthe ngcembe ekuphenduleni ukunyuka kwezinto ezinganyangekiyo, isidingo esandayo sokusebenzisa i-antibiotics enamandla, efakwa endaweni yomlomo oqhelekileyo, kunye neminye imiba yokusingqongileyo.

Abantu batshabalalisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kwindlu yangasese okanye bechama izixa ezincinci zala machiza, kwaye kungcolisa amanzi esiwaselayo, utshilo. [Zonke ezo zinto zidibeneyo] zazanele ukwenza ukuba indawo yezonyango ithi 'uh-oh.'

Ngo-2014, i-CDC yaqala ukukhupha izikhokelo ezithile kunye neengcebiso malunga nendlela zononophelo lwempilo, ukusuka kwizibhedlele ukuya kwiiofisi zonyango, ezinokuthi zifundise oogqirha kunye nezigulana ngendlela efanelekileyo yokusebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zobugosa.

Iindidi ze-3 zongenelelo lobugosa

Kwi Izinto ezingundoqo zeNkqubo yokuLawulwa kweeAntibiotic , I-CDC ibeke iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zongenelelo lobugosa ezinokuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwezibulala-ntsholongwane: ungenelelo olubanzi, ungenelelo oluqhutywa yikhemesti, kunye nongenelelo oluthile losulelo kunye ne-syndromes.

1. Ungenelelo olubanzi kubandakanya ukufumana isigunyaziso kwangaphambili sokumisela amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, ukwenza uphicotho kumatyala abandakanya amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, kunye nokuphonononga kwakhona amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane amiselweyo ngelixa ulwazi lokuqonda isifo luqokelelwa. Umzekelo, unikwa i-ciprofloxacin kwigumbi likaxakeka losulelo lwezintso olukrokrelwayo ngelixa umsebenzi wegazi lakho uthunyelwa elebhu; nje ukuba iziphumo zakho zibuye, ugqirha omiselweyo uphinde abuyele kulwazi lwakho ukuze abone ukuba ngaba isisesona sithintelo sibhetele na kuwe.
2. Ungenelelo oluqhutywa ziiKhemesti kubandakanya ukuhlengahlengisa iidosi zamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, ukujonga unyango oluphindiweyo kunye nokunxibelelana kweziyobisi, kunye nokuncedisa kutshintsho ukusuka kwi-IV ukuya kwi-antibiotics yomlomo.
3. Ungenelelo / isifo esithile songenelelo Nika imiyalelo ecacileyo kubagqirha ekusebenziseni amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukunyanga izifo ezininzi ezinembali yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweentsholongwane, kubandakanya: inyumoniya efunyanwa eluntwini, usulelo lomchamo, ulusu kunye nosulelo lwezihlunu ezithambileyo, Usulelo lwe-MRSA , Usulelo lweClostridium difficile (C. ezahlukeneyo), kunye nosulelo lwegazi oluye lwangqinwa yinkcubeko.

Ukuba zontathu ezi ndlela zongenelelo ziyaphunyezwa, kulandela ukuba isibhedlele siza kubona ukuphuculwa kwedatha yaso yintsholongwane. Kodwa olu ngenelelo alufezekiswa ngokuwangawangisa i-wand magic. Izibhedlele kufuneka zityalomali ekwenzeni inkqubo eqinileyo yolawulo lobukho bezintsholongwane ngokusekwe kwizinto ezininzi eziphambili ezichazwe yiCDC. Ezi zinto zisebenza ngokwahlukileyo kwezinye iisetingi zokhathalelo lwempilo, kodwa ngokubanzi zihlala zifana nokuba inkqubo yobugosa yenzeka kwizigulana ezingalaliswanga okanye ezilaliswayo.

Isiqalelo	Isibhedlele	Ikhaya lokunesa	Ukuseta abagulayo
Ubunkokeli	Zibophelele ekuboneleleni ngezixhobo zoluntu, ezezimali kunye nezobuchwephesha	Zibophelele ekuphuculeni ukusetyenziswa kwezibulala-zintsholongwane kunye nokunxibelelana nokuzibophelela kubasebenzi, kubahlali nakwiintsapho	Chonga inkokeli enye kunye / okanye ubandakanye nobugosa kwinkcazo yomsebenzi
Ukuphendula	Inkokeli enye yonyango inyuliwe	Bandakanya umlawuli wezonyango, umlawuli wokonga, kunye nabanye abasebenzi abaphambili ekuxhaseni iinzame	Nxibelelana ngokubanzi nezigulana malunga nemizamo ngeeflaya kunye neencoko zobuso ngobuso
Ubungcali beziyobisi	Inkokeli enye yekhemesti yonyulwa	Buza kunye neqabane kwiingcali zoluntu kwizifo ezosulelayo	Ukubonelela oogqirha ngamathuba okubonisana neengcali okanye ngaphandle kwesiza
Intshukumo	Sebenzisa okungenani ungenelelo olunye olunokuthi luvavanywe rhoqo	Ukuphuhlisa izicwangciso zomsebenzi zokuphumeza ungenelelo olunye okanye nangaphezulu kwezi zintathu	Sebenzisa ukumiselwa okusekwe kubungqina, ukulinda okubukeleyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa okungaphandle kwesiza kosulelo lwentsholongwane
Ukulandela umkhondo	Gcina umkhondo wokumisela kunye neepateni zokuchasa	Landa umkhondo wokusetyenziswa kwee-antibiotic kunye nemilinganiselo yesiphumo	Zivavanye kwaye yamkele ubuncinci inkqubo yokulandela / yokunika ingxelo
Ukunika ingxelo	Bonke abasebenzi abachaphazelekayo bayaziswa ngenkqubela phambili	nanye	Zivavanye kwaye yamkele ubuncinci inkqubo yokulandela / yokunika ingxelo
Imfundo	Bonke abasebenzi abafanelekileyo baqeqeshelwa ukumisela uxanduva	Sebenzisa iiflaya, izikhokelo, ii-imeyile, kunye noomasifundisane ukufundisa bonke abasebenzi, abahlali kunye neentsapho	Fundisa izigulana ngezixhobo kunye nencoko yomntu; ukubonelela ngamathuba okuqhubeka kwemfundo kumagqirha

Kutheni kubalulekile

Izibonelelo zeenkqubo zolawulo lobukho bezintsholongwane, ngaphaya kokuncitshiswa okubonakalayo kokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwala machiza, zisebenza kubo bobabini nakuluntu ngokubanzi, utshilo uGqirha Boling.

Isigulana ngasinye, ukusebenzisa kakubi ii-antibiotics kunokuthetha ukuba:

• Yiba nexesha elinzima lokususa usulelo ukuba luyabuya
• Ugule ngosulelo olunganyangekiyo ngamayeza alwa nentsholongwane
• Ukuphelisa imiphumo emibi ye-antibiotic, ukusuka kwi-nausea kunye nehudo ukuya usulelo lwegwele , anaphylaxis, ukusilela kwezintso, okanye usulelo ngoC (ibhaktheriya ebangela ukurhuda okungapheliyo kunye nokuvuvukala kwekholoni)

Kwinqanaba elibanzi, lempilo yoluntu, ukumisela ngokungachanekanga ii-antibiotics:

• Yandisa ukunganyangeki kwee-antibiotiki kunye no-C. Dificile usulelo ngokubanzi
• Kunyusa iindleko zonyango
• Kuthoba iziphumo zokhuseleko kwizigulana
• Ishiya wonke umntu osengozini kwezi superbugs ezimbi

Izibhedlele ezongezelelekileyo kunye nolondolozo lwangaphandle lwezigulana olwamkela iinkqubo zobugosa zintsholongwane, kokukhona ziya kuba nefuthe kwimizamo yokudibanisa. Eyona nto inamaqhinga kukuvavanya ukusebenza kwezi nkqubo. UGqr. UBoling noHarris bobabini bathi njengangoku, akukho ndlela esemthethweni yokujonga ukuba iinzame ziyasebenza na. Ukuba isibhedlele sinokuxela ukuncitshiswa kokusetyenziswa kwe-antibiotic-okanye ukunciphisa iziganeko ezimbi ngenxa yokusebenzisa i-antibiotics-leyo ithathwa njengeyinqobile.

Ugqirha Boling wongeza ukuba oogqirha abasebenza njengamagosa asebenza kakuhle ngokubulala iintsholongwane banokuzivavanya ngokwabo: Njengogqirha ngamnye, ungazijonga ngokwakho i-metric yakho. Ndihlala ndixela [umahluko phakathi kwentsholongwane kunye nosulelo lwebacteria] kuvavanyo lwam, kodwa ukuba ngaba isigulana sinyanzelisa ukuba kubekho into eyenzekayo, ndiyalela iX-ray yesifuba ukuqinisekisa. Kunqabile ukuba isigulana sidinge i-antibiotics.

Zisebenza njani izigulana kunye nababoneleli

Ukuba uyazibuza ukuba ungayenza njani eyakho inxaxheba ekunciphiseni ukumiselwa kwee-antibiotic, kulula kunokuba ucinga.

1. Musa ukwenza idinga yonke into encinci. Izigulana zingayeka ukucela amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane umzuzu abafumana ngawo, utshilo uGqirha Boling. Ukuba awunayo i-fever okanye isigulo asizange siqhubeke kwiintsuku ezili-10 okanye ngaphezulu, amathuba aphantsi ufuna i-antibiotics.
2. Musa ukufowunela iofisi yomboneleli wakho wezempilo kwaye ubuze abasebenzi ukuba bafowunele amayeza ngaphandle koviwo. Izifo ezininzi ezinxulunyaniswa nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwee-antibiotic, njengokusuleleka kumchamo, kufuneka kufunyaniswe ukuba kunenkcubeko ngaphambi kokuba kubhalwe iphepha likagqirha.
3. Thembela umboneleli wakho wokuqala. UGqirha Harris uthi ukuba abantu abaninzi bathembele kwisigwebo sikagqirha wabo, bexhathisa umnqweno wokudana xa ugqirha wabo esithi ukugula kwabo yintsholongwane kuphela, oogqirha bangaziva benyanzelekile ukuba banyange abaguli babo ngokungeyomfuneko ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.
4. Hlala usesikhathini malunga nokugonywa kwakho. Kwiminyaka yam yokusebenza, eyona nto iluncedo enceda abaguli abanesifo esosulelayo zizitofu, utshilo uGqirha Harris. Zimbalwa iintsholongwane ozifumanayo, kokukhona kuya kubakho amathuba okuba ufune amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane xa ungaziva mnandi, ukunciphisa amathuba akho okufumana iyeza ongalifuniyo.

Enye into: Ngo-Novemba ngamnye, uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) ubhiyozela iVeki yokuQatshelwa kwee-Antibiotic, ekhuthaza onke amaziko ezempilo, ababoneleli, kunye noluntu ngokubanzi ukuba bandise imfundo yabo ngamandla eyeza-ntsholongwane-kwaye njani, ukuba la mandla awasetyenziswanga ngokuchanekileyo, inokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezixhaphakileyo.

Ngo-2020, iVeki yokuQatshelwa kweeAntibiotic iya kubhiyozelwa ukusuka nge-11 ukuya kwi-17 kaNovemba. Ndwendwela i-WHO iwebhusayithi ukufunda okungakumbi ngendlela onokuyenza ngayo ekhayeni lakho, kwiofisi kagqirha, esibhedlele, okanye ekuhlaleni.