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Uxinzelelo ngo-2021

Uxinzelelo ngo-2021Iindaba

Yintoni uxinzelelo? | Luxhaphake kangakanani uxinzelelo? | Uxinzelelo eMelika | Ubalo loxinzelelo ngokobudala | Amanani oxinzelelo lwasemva kokubeleka | Iinkcukacha-manani zoxinzelelo lweholide | Ukuzibulala kunye noxinzelelo | Unyango loxinzelelo | Uphando





Ingxaki yokudakumba (MDD), eyaziwa njengexinzelelo lweklinikhi, sesinye sezona ngxaki zixhaphakileyo zengqondo kwihlabathi liphela. Zininzi izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinokuba negalelo kuxinzelelo lomntu kunye nokudakumba kuhlala kuchaphazeleka ukuxilongwa kunye nezinye iimeko zonyango kunye / okanye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.



Yintoni uxinzelelo?

Ezona mpawu zibalulekileyo uxinzelelo olukhulu yimeko yokudakumba eqatha kwaye eqhubekayo, ukudana okunzulu, okanye imeko yokuphelelwa lithemba. Isiqendu esikhulu sokudakumba (MDE) lixesha lexesha elibonakaliswa ziimpawu zoxinzelelo olukhulu.Incwadana yokuHlola kunye neNkcazo yeNgxaki yokuPhazamiseka kwengqondo ichaza isiqendu esikhulu sokudakumba njengokufumana imeko yokudakumba okanye ukuphulukana nomdla okanye ukonwaba kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, ehamba neengxaki zokulala, ukutya, amandla, ukugxila, okanye ukuzixabisa iiveki ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu.

Ukuphulukana ngesiquphe okanye utshintsho kunokonyusa iimpawu esele zikho zokudakumba okanye uxinzelelo, utsho Yesel Yoon , Ph.D., ugqirha wezengqondo ozinze eNew York.Iziqendu zoxinzelelo zinokubangelwa kukusweleka komntu omthandayo, ukuqhekeka, ukuphulukana nomsebenzi, uxinzelelo lwezezimali, imeko yezonyango, kunye nokuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa iziyobisi phakathi kwezinye izinto ezibangela oko.

Ukudakumba kuchaphazela abantu ngokutshintsha inqanaba lokusebenza kwabo kwiindawo ezininzi zobomi babo, utsho uYoon. Ngokufanelekileyo, ukulala kwabantu, ukutya, uxinzelelo, imood, inqanaba lamandla, impilo yomzimba, kunye nobomi bentlalo bunokutshintsha kakhulu ngenxa yeempawu zoxinzelelo. Rhoqo abantu abalwa noxinzelelo baya kuchaza ukuba kunzima ukuphuma ebhedini, ukungabi nasizathu okanye amandla okwenza izinto abazenzayo, kwaye baziva benomsindo okanye bedakumbile. Zonke ezi zinto zahlukileyo ngokuqinisekileyo zenza ubomi bube nzima kakhulu.



Luxhaphake kangakanani uxinzelelo?

  • Ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-264 zabantu abanengxaki yokudakumba kwihlabathi liphela. (Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi, 2020)
  • Uxinzelelo ngoyena nobangela uphambili wokukhubazeka emhlabeni. (Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi, 2020)
  • Iziphazamiso ze-Neuropsychiatric zezona zinto zikhokelela ekukhubazekeni e-US ngoxinzelelo olukhulu lokudakumba lolona luqhelekileyo. (Iziko leSizwe lezeMpilo yeNgqondo, 2013)

Amanani oxinzelelo eMelika

  • I-17.3 yezigidi zabantu abadala (i-7.1% yabantu abadala) ubuncinci inyeIsiqendu esikhulu soxinzelelo. (Iziko leSizwe lezeMpilo yeNgqondo, 2017)
  • Kulabo baneziqendu eziphambili zokudakumba, i-63.8% yabantu abadala kunye ne-70.77% yabakwishumi elivisayo babenomngcipheko omkhulu. (Iziko leSizwe lezeMpilo yeNgqondo, 2017)
  • Abasetyhini baphantse baphindwe kabini kunamadoda ukuba babe noxinzelelo. (Amaziko oLawulo lweZifo, 2017)
  • Iziqendu zoxinzelelo ezinkulu bezixhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwabantu abadala (i-11.3%) kunye nolutsha (i-16.9%) inika ingxelo kwimidyarho emibini okanye nangaphezulu. (Iziko leSizwe lezeMpilo yeNgqondo, 2017)

Ubalo loxinzelelo ngokobudala

  • Abafikisayo abaneminyaka eli-12 ukuya kweli-17 ubudala babenelona zinga liphezulu leziqendu zokudakumba (14.4%) ezilandelwa ngabantu abadala abakwiminyaka eyi-18 ukuya kuma-25 ubudala (13.8%). (Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kunye noMbutho weeNkonzo zeMpilo yeNgqondo, 2018)
  • Abantu abadala abadala abaneminyaka engama-50 nangaphezulu babenelona zinga lisezantsi leziqendu zoxinzelelo (4.5%). (Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kunye noMbutho weeNkonzo zeMpilo yeNgqondo, 2018)
  • I-11.5 yezigidi zabantu abadala babenexesha elibi lokudakumba kunye nokuphazamiseka kakhulu kunyaka ophelileyo ngo-2018. (Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi noMbutho weeNkonzo zeMpilo yeNgqondo, 2018)
  • Uxinzelelo olukhulu phakathi kwabafundi beekholeji lenyuke ukusuka kwi-9.4% ukuya kwi-21.1% ukusuka kwi-2013 ukuya kwi-2018. ( Ijenali yezeMpilo yaBafikisayo , 2019)
  • Ireyithi yokumodareyitha ukuya kuxinzelelo olukhulu inyuke ukusuka kwi-23.2% ukuya kwi-41.1% ukusuka kwi-2007 ukuya kwi-2018. ( Ijenali yezeMpilo yaBafikisayo , 2019)

Amanani oxinzelelo lwasemva kokubeleka

Ukudakumba emva kokubeleka kukudakumba okuphethwe ngumama osandula ukubeleka, okwenzeka kwisithuba seenyanga ezintathu ukuya kunyaka emva kokubeleka. Oku kunokuba ngenxa yotshintsho lwehomoni, utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, kunye nokudinwa komzali.

  • Phantse iipesenti ezingama-70 ukuya kuma-80% yabasetyhini baya kufumana ama-blues abantwana abonakaliswe yimvakalelo emibi okanye ukuguquka kwemizwelo emva kokubeleka. (Umbutho waseMelika okhulelweyo, 2015)
  • I-10% ukuya kwi-20% yoomama abatsha bafumana uxinzelelo lwasemva kokubeleka. (I-Arizona Behavioural Health Associates, PC, Flagstaff Psychologists kunye nabacebisi)
  • 1 kwabasi-7 abasetyhiniUnokufumana i-PPD kungaphelanga nonyaka wokuzalwa. ( IJAMA yengqondo , 2013)
  • Uxinzelelo looyise lususela kwi-24% ukuya kwi-50% kumadoda awayenamaqabane noxinzelelo lwasemva kokubeleka. ( Ijenali yoLondolozo oluPhucukileyo, 2004)
  • Abasetyhini abanembali yoxinzelelo, ukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo, okanye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okunzuluI-30% ukuya kwi-35% ngaphezulu kunokwenzekaUkuphuhlisa uxinzelelo lwasemva kokubeleka. (Johns Hopkins Medicine, 2013)

Ezinxulumene: Ngaba ungaluthatha uxinzelelo xa ukhulelwe?

Iinkcukacha-manani zoxinzelelo lweholide

Nangona ixesha leholide phakathi kweenyanga zikaNovemba nangoDisemba zihlala zicingelwa njengokonwaba, ayisiyonyani kuye wonke umntu. Abanye baba neempawu zokudakumba kwezi nyanga.



  • Amanqanaba oxinzelelo axeliwe enyuka ngexesha leholide labantu abangama-38%. (Umbutho wezengqondo zaseMelika, ngo-2006)
  • Kubantu abagula ngengqondo, iipesenti ezingama-64 zeengxelo zeholide zenza ukuba iimpawu zabo zibe mandundu. (Umbutho kaZwelonke wokuGula kwengqondo, ngo-2014)
  • Kulabo baxele ukuba baziva belusizi okanye bengonelisekanga ngexesha leeholide, ngaphezulu kwesibini kwisithathu sabo baziva bexinezelekile ngokwezimali kunye / okanye benesithukuthezi. (Umbutho kaZwelonke wokuGula kwengqondo, ngo-2014)

Ezinxulumene: Iingcebiso ngokujongana noxinzelelo lweholide

Ukuzibulala kunye noxinzelelo

  • Isibini kwisithathu sabo bazibulala balwa noxinzelelo. (Umbutho waseMelika weSuicidology, 2009)
  • Kwabo bafumaniswe ukuba banexinzelelo, i-1% yabasetyhini kunye ne-7% yamadoda bayazibulala. (Umbutho waseMelika weSuicidology, 2009)
  • Umngcipheko wokuzibulala umalunga namaxesha angama-20 amakhulu phakathi kwabo bafunyaniswe benokudakumba okukhulu xa kuthelekiswa nabo bangenalo uxinzelelo olukhulu. (Umbutho waseMelika weSuicidology, 2009)
  • Ukuzibulala sesinye sezizathu eziphambili zokufa kwabantu abaneminyaka eli-15 ukuya kweli-19 ubudala. (Amaziko oLawulo lweZifo, 2017)
  • Iingxelo zamalinge okuzibulala phakathi kwabafundi beekholeji lenyuke ukusuka kwi-0.7% ukuya kwi-1.8% ukusuka ngo-2013 ukuya ku-2018. ( Ijenali yezeMpilo yaBafikisayo , 2019)

Inethiwekhi yeSizwe yokuPhazamiseka koxinzelelo inezixhobo ezininzi ezifumanekayo kwabo bafumana uxinzelelo okanye iingcinga zokuzibulala. Nazi ezinye indawo zokonyango kunye neendawo zoncedo:

Ukunyanga uxinzelelo

I-Psychotherapy, amayeza kagqirha, okanye indibaniselwano yazo zombini zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga uxinzelelo.



Kukwakho nezinye iindlela zonyango okanye ezizezinye zonyango eziye zafunyanwa ziluncedo ekunciphiseni iimpawu zoxinzelelo, utsho uYoon. Oku kubandakanya unyango olukhanyayo, iivithamini okanye izongezo, umthambo, ukucamngca kwengqondo, kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango ezibonakalisa ubuchule.

  • Kulabo babenesiqendu esikhulu sokudakumba, abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-50 okanye nangaphezulu babenelona zinga liphezulu lonyango kuxinzelelo (i-78.9%). (Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kunye noMbutho weeNkonzo zeMpilo yeNgqondo, 2018)
  • Abafikisayo abaneminyaka eli-12 ukuya kweli-17 babenelona zinga lisezantsi kunyango (41.4%). (Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kunye noMbutho weeNkonzo zeMpilo yeNgqondo, 2018)
  • Phantse izigidi ezingama-25 zabantu abadala e-US bathathe i-anti-depressants ubuncinci iminyaka emibini, ukonyuka ngama-60% ukusukela ngo-2010.
  • Abasetyhini banamathuba aphindwe kabini okuthatha i-anti-depressants kunamadoda. (Umbutho waseMelika wengqondo, 2017)

ZIQHELEKILEYO: Unyango lokudakumba kunye namayeza



Uphando loxinzelelo