Yintoni i-G4 (kwaye kufuneka sikhathazeke)?

Iindaba

UKUHLAZIYWA KWE-CORONAVIRUS: Njengoko iingcali zifunda ngakumbi malunga nenoveli coronavirus, iindaba kunye notshintsho kulwazi. Ukuza kutshanje kubhubhane we-COVID-19, nceda undwendwele Amaziko oLawulo noThintelo lwezifo .

Into yokugqibela umntu afuna ukuva ngayo yenye into enokubakho isifo esikho elizweni jikelele . Nangona kunjalo, uphononongo olusandula ukupapashwa kwi Iinkqubo ze-National Academy yeSayensi (I-PNAS) idale uxinzelelo olukhulu. Imalunga neqela elinoveli lehagu zomkhuhlane weengulube abathi abaphandi banakho ukusasazeka ebantwini. Nantsi into esiyaziyo.

Yintoni i-G4 swine flu?

Iqela leentsholongwane ekuxoxwe ngalo kuphononongo lwe-PNAS kubhekiswa kulo njengentaka ye-G4 Eurasian (EA) efana ne-virus ye-H1N1-okanye, nje i-G4 ngokufutshane. Luhlobo oluthile lomkhuhlane weehagu (obangelwe ngumkhuhlane A virus) osasazeka phakathi kweehagu e China. Zine iindidi eziphambili zentsholongwane yomkhuhlane (A, B, C, noD). Umkhuhlane A lelona qela liqhelekileyo elibangela ubhubhane.

Emva kokuba intsholongwane yehagu yomkhuhlane yabangela ubhubhane ka-2009, iiarhente zikarhulumente zase China zadibana noMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi kunye nososayensi abavela kwiiyunivesithi zase China nase Briteni ukulandela nokujonga abantu behagu ngeempawu zentsholongwane enokubakho.

Olo hlolo lufumene iisampulu zeehagu ezili-179 ezazithathwa njengezinentsholongwane yomkhuhlane i-A, kwaye ukusukela ngo-2016 i-G4 H1N1 virus swine flu yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo. Ngelixa usasazo lwamva nje lweendaba kungokokuqala ukuba uluntu ngokubanzi lube nokuva nge-G4 swine flu-ayisiyonyani ngokupheleleyo ukuyibiza entsha.

Ngaba i-G4 ingabangela ubhubhane wabantu?

I-G4 inezinto ezintsha zofuzo xa kuthelekiswa neentlobo zomkhuhlane ezaziwayo. Kodwa kukufana kwintsholongwane ka-2009 ye-H1N1 emva kwesifo seengulube esibuhlungu.

1. Inokosulela abantu.

Njenge-H1N1 yentsholongwane ka-2009, intsholongwane ye-G4 iyakwazi ukuncamathela kwiiseli kwimiphunga yabantu, evumela ukuba ibangele usulelo ebantwini. Ayizizo zonke iintsholongwane zehagu yomkhuhlane ezenza njalo, yiyo loo nto ingeyiyo yonke ihagu yomkhuhlane ebangela usulelo lomntu.

Ngapha koko, olu phononongo lubonakalise amandla wentsholongwane ukusulela abantu ngokuvavanya ukubona ukuba abantu abasebenza neehagu banazo kusini na izilwa-buhlungu zentsholongwane. Ukusuka kwi-2016 ukuya kwi-2018, i-10.4% yabasebenzi bokuvelisa iihagu ezivavanyiweyo zazine-antibody positivity (oko kuthetha ukuba usulelo lwenzekile).

2. Uninzi lwabantu luya kuswela ukhuseleko.

Njengegciwane le-H1N1 ka-2009, intsholongwane ye-G4 ixelwe ukuba inendibaniselwano yemfuza evela kwiintsholongwane zomkhuhlane ezifumaneka ebantwini, kwiintaka nakwiihagu. Oku kunokuba sisiphumo sokuphinda ungene kwakhona, inkqubo apho iintsholongwane ezininzi zixubana ngaphakathi kumphathi-kule meko ihagu-kutshintshiselana ngezinto zofuzo, kunye nokwenza intsholongwane entsha yomkhuhlane eneempawu ezintsha. Xa kuvela intsholongwane entsha, uninzi lwabantu alunakukhuselwa kuyo kwaye kulula ukuba bosulelwe. Intsholongwane ka-H1N1 ka-2009 yaba sisiphumo somsitho wokuphinda uhlaziyeke kwakhona.

3. Inokuchaphazela ngokungafaniyo abantu abancinci.

Kukho eminye imbalwa malunga nokufunyenwe kolu phononongo, kubandakanya inqanaba eliphezulu lokufumana amandla omzimba eliqwalaselweyo phakathi kwabaselula abaneminyaka eyi-18 ukuya kuma-35 ubudala (ngokuchasene nabasebenzi abadala). Oku kunokumela ukungabikho ngokungalinganiyo kwinto ekujongwa njengendawo esempilweni kunye nesigulo sabantu, esiphakamisa i-alamu ukusukela ngo-2009 H1N1 ubhubhane ubangele uninzi lokusweleka kwiminyaka eyi-18 ukuya kuma-64 yeminyaka yobudala.

4. Abantu abangadibananga ngqo neehagu bosulelekile.

Ubungqina be-Antibody positivity kwi-G4 flu kwafunyanwa kwi-4% yesampulu yabantu abangama-230 ukusuka kubemi ngokubanzi base China abangakhange badibane ngqo neehagu ezivavanyiweyo. Oku kufana nobhubhane we-H1N1 ka-2009 apho izigulana ezichongiweyo zazinazo akukho qhagamshelo laziwayo nehagu .

5. Isasazeka ngokudibana okanye amathontsi okuphefumla.

Ukongeza, iziphumo zelebhu zibonisa ukuba intsholongwane inokusasazeka ngokudibana ngqo okanye amathontsi okuphefumla. Olu hlobo losasazo, kudityaniswe nokungabikho kokhuseleko kolu hlobo oluthile lomkhuhlane we-G4 ovela kwizitofu zomkhuhlane zomntu ezikhoyo ngoku ziyinxalenye yentsholongwane enokubakho kwindyikitya yokufa.

Sifanele sixhalabe kangakanani?

Okokuqala, kufuneka siwaphule amanye amanani phambili.

Ichaphazela ipesenti encinci yabemi.

Ngelixa bekukho iisampulu ezili-179 ezilungileyo zehagu ezivavanyiweyo, oku kubonisa inqanaba lokuzahlula eliphantsi kakhulu. Kwiziphumo zovavanyo ezilungileyo eziyi-179, i-136 yavela kubemi abamalunga ne-30,000 yeempumlo zeempumlo zehagu ezingezizo ezomqondiso. Oku kubonisa ireyithi yokuzahlula nge-0.45%. Iisampulu ezingama-43 ezincumisayo zeesampulu ezili-179 ezipheleleyo zivela kubemi abangaphezulu kwe-1 000 ngeempumlo zempumlo okanye iisampulu zemiphunga eziqokelelwe kwiihagu ezibonisa iimpawu zokuphefumla ngenqanaba lokuzihlukanisa le-4.23%. Ukongeza, inani elipheleleyo leehagu ezivavanyiweyo limele inani elincinci kakhulu lehagu e-China enokuba zizigidi ezingama-500.

Akukho kugqithisela kwaziwayo phakathi kwabantu.

Okwangoku, akukho kugqithisela kwaziwayo kuye kwabonwa nge-G4 swine flu phakathi kwabantu. Ubhubhane unokwenzeka kuphela xa usasazeka komnye umntu usenzeka. Imbali isifundisa ukuba olu sulelo lusuka kwihagu luye emntwini-iintsholongwane ezahlukileyo-eziye zaqatshelwa kunye ne-G4 swine flu yenzeka kwinqanaba elithile rhoqo ngonyaka nezinye iintsholongwane zomkhuhlane, kodwa ayisiyiyo igcinwe . Okwangoku, asinasizathu sivakalayo sokucinga ukuba le G4 swine flu izakubangela nantoni na eyahlukileyo. Okokugqibela, siyazi ukuba isimilo, njengokutya inyama yehagu, ayenzi hayi vumela usulelo lwentsholongwane ukuba lusasazeke kwihagu luye emntwini.

Ayikafiki eUnited States okwangoku.

Okwangoku, amaZiko okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo (i-CDC) iqinisekisile ukuba intsholongwane ye-G4 ayifumanekanga kwiihagu okanye ebantwini eUnited States.

Ngale nto ithethwayo, le inoveli ye-G4 swine flu virus inezinto ezifanayo kuhlobo lwesifo sika-H1N1 sika-2009, ke ngoko kufuneka kubekho inqanaba lokuxhalaba. Ukusasazeka okuqhubekayo kweehagu kunye nokuqhubeka nokubhencwa ebantwini kunokuvumela ukuqhubeka kotshintshiselwano ngezixhobo zemfuza-ezikwabizwa ngokuba kukuphindana kwakhona-ezinokuvumela intsholongwane ukuba ikulungele ngakumbi ukubangela ubhubhane. Intsingiselo, inokuguqula ngakumbi kwaye kube lula ukuhambisa ukusuka komnye umntu uye emntwini.

Yintoni eyenziwa yi-US ukuzilungiselela?

ICDC ngoku ithatha la manyathelo alandelayo:

• Ukusebenza namagosa ezempilo oluntu e-China ukufumana isampulu yentsholongwane
• Sebenzisa ezabo Isixhobo soVavanyo lweengozi zomkhuhlane (IRAT) ukuvavanya umngcipheko wale ntsholongwane ibangela ubhubhane
• Ukuvavanya apho izitofu zangoku ezifundwayo ngokuchasene neentsholongwane ezinxulumene nomkhuhlane zinokukhusela kule ntsholongwane
• Ukuvavanya ukuba amayeza omkhuhlane akhoyo anika ukhuseleko kule ntsholongwane

Ubhubhane we-H1N1 ka-2009 yayingubhubhane wokuqala phantse kwiminyaka engama-40. Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ka-2009 ye-H1N1 eyayibangele ukuba isasazeke kakhulu- ukuya kwi Amatyala angama-60.8 ezigidi e-U.S. Kunyaka wayo wokuqala kwaye phantse kwaba li-12,500 lokufa. Kodwa, izinga lokufa laliphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nobhubhane wangaphambili, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokuqonda okuphuculweyo kokuhanjiswa komkhuhlane kunye nemilinganiselo yolawulo lwentsholongwane.

Inkqubo ye- IU.S. impendulo kubhubhane we-H1N1 wama-2009 ubomelele kwaye unamacala amaninzi, ihlale ixesha elingaphezulu konyaka; Ngaphandle kwempendulo enjalo, ubuninzi babantu abaninzi ngebuphulukene. Ukufakwa kwesilivere kwindyikityha ye-COVID-19 yamva nje kukuqonda ukuba umhlaba unokufumana phi kule mpendulo iqinileyo, ukufaka isicelo kubhubhane wexesha elizayo.

Ungahlala njani usempilweni

Siyazi ukuba abantu bosulelwe sesi sifo Umkhuhlane uyosulela kangangexesha elide — ngesiqhelo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba iimpawu zomkhuhlane ziqale ukuya kwiintsuku ezintlanu emva kokugula. Siyazi nokuba intsholongwane inokusasazeka emoyeni ngamathontsi ukusuka ekukhohliseni okanye ukuthimla komntu osulelekileyo, okanye nangokuchukumisa indawo apho la mathontsi awele khona aze achukumise ubuso bakho.

Amanyathelo okhuseleko kufuneka athathwe kubandakanya wonke umntu uqhelene kakhulu nombulelo wangoku isifo esikho elizweni jikelele sentsholongwane ye-Corona :

• Ziqhelise ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo zokuhlamba izandla kwaye usebenzise isicoci sezandla
• Kuphephe ukubamba ubuso bakho
• Gcina iindawo ekwabelwana ngazo zicocekile
• Gwema abantu abagulayo (kwaye ugweme abantu ukuba nguwe oza kugula!)
• Gubungela ukukhwehlela kwakho kunye nokuthimla ukunqanda ukusasazeka okungaphezulu
• Gonya

Ixesha lonyaka ugonyo lomkhuhlane , qho ngonyaka, lelinye lawona manyathelo abalulekileyo onokuwathatha ukuze ungahlali ungenamkhuhlane. Amachiza omkhuhlane zezinye izitofu ezifumaneka lula. Zifumaneka kuninzi iivenkile ezithengisayo kwaye zihlala zigutyungelwe i-inshurensi . Ukugonywa kwesiqhelo kuyacetyiswa kubo bonke abantu abangaphezulu kweenyanga ezi-6 ubudala, ngaphandle kokuba uyalelwe ngenye indlela ngumboneleli wakho wezempilo. Kukho okuninzi ulwazi olulahlekisayo malunga nezizathu zokuphepha umkhuhlane, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba ufumane umkhuhlane omtsha rhoqo xa kukho umkhuhlane.

Ezinxulumene: Ngaba abasetyhini abakhulelweyo banokubethwa ngumkhuhlane?

Ngaba lukhona ugonyo olufumanekayo kwinoveli ye-G4 swine flu?

Isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane asikhuseli kwi-G4. Nangona kunjalo, i-CDC isebenza ukumisela ukuba ngaba isitofu sokugonya se-swine flu sinika ukhuseleko ngokuchasene ne-G4. Ukuba akunjalo, iCDC iya kuqala ukusebenza kwiyeza lokugonya elitsha lomkhuhlane eliza kukhusela ngokuchasene nomkhuhlane wehagu omtsha.

Ukuba i-2020 ifundise umhlaba nantoni na, kufanele ukuba ibaluleke ucoceko oluhle lokuhlamba izandla kunye nomgama kwezentlalo. Ukuba uyagula-nokuba uyintoni unobangela-akufuneki uye emsebenzini okanye esikolweni, kwaye kufuneka unciphise unxibelelwano nabanye.

Kubalulekile ukuba ulumkele iintsholongwane ezintsha ezinokubangela ubhubhane. Amava ethu ngubhubhane we-H1N1 ka-2009 kwaye ngoku ubhubhane we-COVID-19 ubeke isiseko esomeleleyo ekuqondeni ukuba izinto zinganyuka ngokukhawuleza kangakanani, kwaye yintoni esele ingasebenzanga ngokwempendulo. Ngelixa ulwazi olukhoyo ngoku kwi-G4 swine flu alwanelanga ukubangela ukoyikeka okupheleleyo, asinakuba nombono we-tunnel kunye ne-coronavirus kwaye kufuneka siqhubeke nokwazi isoyikiso seentlobo ezintsha zesifo esosulelayo.