Yintoni omele uyazi malunga nokugonywa kwikhemesti

Imfundo yezeMpilo Usokhemesti wazi kakuhle

Ukunyanga izifo yinxalenye yokhathalelo lwempilo, kodwa ukuthintela usulelo mhlawumbi kubaluleke ngakumbi-kwaye kuyingenelo kuluntu lwethu. Inkqubo ye- Isifo esikho elizweni jikelele se-covid-19 ibonakalisile ukuba zibaluleke kangakanani izitofu zokugonya kwimpilo yehlabathi.

Awunakucinga kakhulu malunga nezitofu zokugonya kuba zihlala ziyinxalenye yenkqubo yakho yonyaka. Abantwana bakwishedyuli yokugonya kunye noogqirha babantwana, kwaye abantu abadala banokufumana ukubethwa ngumkhuhlane kutyelelo lwabo lonyaka lonyaka okanye kwikhemesti yabo yendawo ukuze babalungele.

Oosokhemesti baqala ukunika amayeza e-United States kwiminyaka yoo-1990, kwaye namhlanje, oosokhemesti kuwo onke amazwe angama-50 nasePuerto Rico banakho ukugonya.Njengosokhemesti, ndiphendula eyona mibuzo iviwayo malunga nokugonywa ekhemesti.

Kutheni zibalulekile izitofu zokugonya?

Iyeza lokulungiselela lilungiselelo leentsholongwane, nokuba ziyaphila okanye azisebenzi, ezivelisa okanye zonyuse ukhuseleko kwisifo esithile. Amayeza okugonya abuyela emva kwiminyaka engamakhulu eyadlulayo-iyeza lokuthintela ingqaka yokuqala laveliswa ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1700. Baphantse baziphelisa izifo ezakha zabulala abantu abaninzi, ezinje nge-diphtheria.

Abantwana abafumana ugonyo olucetyiswayo banamathuba asezantsi kakhulu okuba bafumane izifo ezinjengeenkuku, imasisi, irubella, okanye i-pertussis.

Xa uninzi lwabemi lugonyiwe, lwenza ukuba umhlambi ungakhuseleki kwabo bangakwaziyo ukufumana amayeza okugonya. Ngamanye amagama, ithuba lokungeniswa kwesi sifo kubemi liphantsi kakhulu xa amazinga okugonya aphezulu.

Zeziphi izitofu zokugonya endizifunayo?

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo (CDC) agcina iishedyuli ezimbini ezicetyiswayo zokugonya, enye yazo abantwana , kunye nenye ye abantu abadala . Oku kucebisa ukuba zeziphi izitofu zokugonya ekufuneka zinikezwe kwaye nini, kunye nolwazi malunga nezikhuthazi (okanye ukugonywa kwakhona).

Amachiza aqala esemncinci kakhulu. Uninzi lweentsana lufumana okokuqala ukudubula kwesifo sokudumba kwesibindi emva nje kokuba kuzelwe, mhlawumbi ngaphambi kokuba siphume esibhedlele. Emva koko, abantwana bayaqhubeka nokufumana ugonyo beneminyaka eli-16. Uninzi lwezikolo kunye nemisebenzi ehleliweyo ifuna ugonyo oluhlaziyiweyo lokuthatha inxaxheba— kubandakanya iikholeji neeyunivesithi .

Njengomntu omdala, amayeza okugonya ayacetyiswa kuxhomekeke kunyaka wokuzalwa. Abanye abantu abadala bafuna ukonyuswa kwezitofu zokugonya zangaphambili, okanye ishedyuli yokugonya ukubamba ukuba khange bafumane sitofu sokugonya xa bekucetyiswa kwasekuqaleni. Kunokubakho abanye ekubonelelwa ngumboneleli wakho wezempilo ngokusekwe kwimbali yakho yezempilo.

Ezinxulumene: Amachiza okuthathela ingqalelo xa ugqiba i-50

Ndingazifumana phi izitofu zokugonya?

Ngaphambi kwee-1990s, izitofu zazinikwa phantse ngokukhethekileyo kwiiofisi zoogqirha, ngugqirha okanye ngumongikazi oqeqeshiweyo. Ngo-1996, i-American Pharmacist’s Association (APhA) yaseka inkqubo yoKhuseleko lweKhemesti esekwe eKhemesti ukwenza ukuba izitofu zifikeleleke eluntwini. Namhlanje unokuhamba uye phantse kuyo nayiphi na ikhemesti kwaye ufumane iintlobo ngeentlobo zokugonya.

Yintoni isiqinisekiso sokugonywa?

Inkqubo yoThintelo oluSekwe eKhemesti yaxhaswa ngamaZiko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo (CDC). Yinkqubo yoqeqesho enesiqinisekiso enika oosokhemesti izakhono ezifunekayo ekulawuleni nasekucebiseni ngezitofu zokugonya.

Kutheni kufuneka ndifumane isitofu sam sokugonya ekhemesti?

Ukunyaniseka, kuba kulula kakhulu! Iikhemesti zihlala zibonelela ngezitofu zokuhamba, ukuze ke uye nanini na xa kufanelekile. Akukho sidingo sokuthatha usuku emsebenzini okanye ukwenza idinga elongezelelweyo kwi-ofisi kagqirha.

Oosokhemesti baqeqeshwe kakhulu kwizitofu zokugonya nakumayeza. Ngaba uthatha i-steroids okanye ezinye iziyobisi ezikhuselayo? Usokhemesti wakho uya kwazi ukuba zeziphi izitofu zokukhusela ezikhuselekileyo zokuzilawula, okanye kufuneka uhlale ixesha elingakanani kumachiza athile ngaphambi kokuba ugonywe. Oosokhemesti bayazi ukuba zeziphi izitofu zokugonya ezinokunikwa ngaxeshanye kwaye banokuseta izikhumbuzo zokuba babuyele kwidosi elandelayo ukuba isitofu sakho sothotho sifuna uthotho olungaphezulu kwesinye.

Kubalulekile ukugcina imbali yakho yokugonywa ifikeleleka kwaye uze nayo xa ufumana izitofu zakho zokugonya. Oosokhemesti banokukuhlaziya kwaye baxele naziphi na izitofu kugqirha wakho ukuze iirekhodi zakho zihlaziywe.

Ndifanele nini hayi ukugonywa kwikhemesti?

Ngamaxesha athile, kusenokubakho amaxesha apho kufanelekileyo ukufumana iyeza lakho kugqirha. Omnye umzekelo ungabakho ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kubekho ukungaphendulwa komzimba. Amachiza amaninzi omkhuhlane onamaxesha onyaka aphethe isilumkiso kwizigulana ezinokungazwani nezinto ezithile ezifana ne-latex okanye amaqanda. Ukuba unembali yokugula komzimba, kungangcono ufumane isitofu sakho kwi-ofisi kagqirha. Ugqirha wakho unokukhetha ukukunika amayeza kwangaphambili ukunciphisa amathuba okuphendula.

Kusenokubakho iimeko apho ugqirha wakho ecebisa isitofu sokugonya, kodwa awuhlangabezani neenqobo zokugweba zomgaqo-nkqubo ekhemesti. Umzekelo, isigulana esingafakwanga sisifo esinezifo ezingaphantsi kwemiphunga sinokufuna isitofu sokuthintela inyumoniya sisemncinci kunoko uninzi lweeprotocol luya kuvumela ikhemesti ukuba yenze. Okanye, umntwana omncinci usenokungabandakanywa kwiqela lobudala bekhemesti. Yonke ikhemesti inemigaqo-nkqubo eyahlukeneyo abanokuthi banike ngayo izitofu zokugonya kwaye nokuba bangakanani ubudala abanokukusebenzela.

Ngaba i-inshurensi yam iyakuhlawula ukugonywa kwekhemesti?

Uninzi lwezicwangciso zeinshurensi kagqirha zigubungela izitofu ezilawulwa kwikhemesti. Ukongeza, iikhemesti zihlala zibiza izitofu kwizicwangciso ezithile zeinshurensi yezonyango (isicwangciso oqhele ukusisebenzisa xa usiya kwi-ofisi kagqirha okanye esibhedlele). Ngokubanzi, ukhuseleko lokugonya ngezicwangciso zeinshurensi kulungile kakhulu. Amachiza athatyathwa njengothintelo, kwaye ukufumana isitofu sokugonya kungakugcina kwisifo, ulahlekelwe ngumvuzo, kunye neendleko ekuguleni sisifo. Umyinge unokwahluka, ke kungcono ukuba ujonge kwisicwangciso sakho ngaphambi kokuba uye ekhemesti.

Uninzi lwezitofu zigutyungelwe phantsi kwezicwangciso ze-Medicare Part D, kubandakanya isitofu sokugonya i-herpes zoster, esaziwa ngcono njenge u-shingles wadutyulwa . Kukho ezinye izitofu zokugonya ezihlala zigutyungelwa liCandelo B: umkhuhlane (umkhuhlane) , pneumococcal, kunye nehepatitis B. Kukho iimeko ezithile xa ezinye izitofu zinokugqunywa phantsi kweCandelo B ukuba ukhe wafunyanwa ngqo sisifo. Umzekelo, isitofu sokugonya se-tetanus siya kugqunywa phantsi kweCandelo B emva kwenxeba lokugqojozwa. Ngelixa uninzi lweekhemesti zinesivumelwano nezicwangciso zeMedicare Part D, ayizizo zonke ezinesivumelwano neMedicare Part B. Mane ubuze abasebenzi basekhemesti.

Ezinxulumene: Ndingawufumana njani simahla umkhuhlane?

Uninzi lweekhemesti zijonga intlawulo ye-inshurensi kwaye zikwazise uxanduva lwakho lokuphuma epokothweni ngaphambi kokukunika iyeza lokugonya. Ukuba ixabiso liyothusa, ungahlala ulinde. Oku kuthintela ityala elothusayo ngeposi kwiinyanga kamva. Ixabiso lokugonya ikhemesti kunye neepopay zicace gca- qiniseka ukuba jonga i-SingleCare ngexabiso lakho elifanelekileyo kwizitofu zokugonya , kananjalo.

Oosokhemesti kunye namaqela abo banobutyebi bolwazi malunga nezitofu zokugonya. Zifikeleleka ngokulula kwezonyango. Akukho lungiselelo lifunwayo, kwaye ubulumko babo neengcebiso zabo ziyafumaneka ngaphandle kwentlawulo eyongezelelweyo. Ukulungele ukufumana isitofu sokugonya? Ngaba unomdla wokuba ufuna isitofu esithile? Yima uze ubone usokhemesti wakho namhlanje.