Ixesha le-Flu 2020: Kutheni umkhuhlane ubaluleke ngakumbi kunangaphambili
Imfundo yezeMpiloIxesha lomkhuhlane 2020-21 | Umkhuhlane kunye ne-COVID-19 | Ufumana nini umkhuhlane | Apho unokufumana khona umkhuhlane | Yintoni onokuyilindela kumkhuhlane we-2020
Onke amaxesha omkhuhlane ngumdlalo wokuqikelela: Iifluji kufuneka zenziwe kwiinyanga ezintandathu ngaphambi kwexesha, ke iingcali zempilo zilandelela umkhuhlane kwihlabathi liphela ngokuqhubekayo kwaye zijonge kumazwe asemazantsi, njenge-Australia, imikhondo malunga nokuba zeziphi iintlobo ezinokuthi zijikeleze I-United States ngokuwa kwethu kunye nobusika. Akukho nto iqinisekisa ukuba ezo ntlobo ziya kujikeleza apha; kananjalo asinakuqiniseka ukuba ziya kusasazeka ngokubanzi kangakanani na okanye ukuba isitofu sokugonya salo nyaka siza kusebenza njani ekulweni.
Kodwa ixesha lomkhuhlane 2020-2021? Kungoku Kaninzi yomdlalo wokuqikelela kunesiqhelo, nangona kungengenxa yokuba ukuqonda kwethu umkhuhlane kutshintshile. Ukungaqiniseki kwethu malunga nexesha lonyaka lomkhuhlane likho ngenxa yombuzo omnye omkhulu: COVID-19.
Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi 'novel coronavirus' ngesizathu, utsho uDavid Cutler, MD, ugqirha wamayeza osapho e-Providence Saint John's Health Centre eCalifornia. Khange ibekho nangaphambi kukaNovemba ophelileyo kwaye kunzima ukuqikelela ukuba izakuziphatha njani.
Yeyiphi indlela onokuzikhusela ngayo kumkhuhlane ngexesha lobhubhane we-coronavirus? Ukufumana umkhuhlane ! Kubalulekile ukufumana enye ngonyaka, kodwa kulo nyaka ayinakubaluleka.
Kwabanye abantu, umkhuhlane unokubangela usulelo lwesibini olufanayo sinusitis , inyumoniya , kunye ukukrala kwemiphunga . Ezinye zezi zifo zingade zibulale; Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo (CDC) alanda umkhwa kunye neengxelo ukuba ngexesha lomkhuhlane ka-2019-2020 bekukho iimeko ezingama-56 ezigidi zomkhuhlane Ukufa kwabantu abangama-24,000 nama-62,000 naphi na ukusuka kwizibhedlele ezingama-410,000 ukuya kwezingama-740,000.
Ngenxa yokuba umkhuhlane unefuthe elinje kubantu baseMelika minyaka le, i-CDC icebisa ukuba wonke umntu omdala kuneenyanga ezi-6 ubudala ayifumane, ngaphandle kokumbalwa. Nantsi yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga nexesha elizayo lomkhuhlane kunye neentlobo zezitofu zokugonya ezinikezelwayo, kunye nexesha kunye nalapho kufuneka ufumane elakho.
Ixesha lomkhuhlane 2020-2021
Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lomkhuhlane e-US liqala ukusuka ngo-Okthobha ukuya ku-Epreli, ngezifo ezonyuka phakathi kukaDisemba noFebruwari. Ixesha lomkhuhlane le2020 alilindelwanga ukuba liqale naphambi kwalo nyaka ngenxa yokuba i-COVID-19 ijikelezile, kodwa inokuba lixesha elinzima ngakumbi lomkhuhlane ngenxa yokusasazeka ngaxeshanye kwenoveli coronavirus.
Ayenzi njalo unayo ukuba yile ndlela: NgokukaSandra Kesh, MD, usekela mlawuli wezonyango kunye nengcali yesifo esosulelayo eWestmed Medical Group, indawo esemazantsi yelizwe ibone umkhuhlane ongaphaya kunesiqhelo-mhlawumbi ngenxa yawo onke amanyathelo othintelo abalithathileyo ukunciphisa Izifo ze-COVID-19, ezifana ukubekelwa bucala kuluntu kwaye enxibe imaski .
Ezo ithiyori zihamba kunye noko sikubone apha e-US kule ntwasahlobo. Xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elidlulileyo lomkhuhlane, umsebenzi wexesha lomkhuhlane we-2019/2020 wehlisiwe ukusuka kwindawo ebanzi ukuya manqaphanqapha kumazwe amaninzi ngaphambili kakhulu-ngokuhambelana nexesha apho i-coronavirus yabhengezwa njenge isifo esikho elizweni jikelele kunye nolawulo losulelo amanyathelo aqala ukuvuselela kwaye amazwe aqala ukuvala.
Umkhuhlane kunye ne-COVID-19
Inyaniso yokuba i-COVID-19 iyasasazeka ayitshintshi kangako malunga nobuzaza bomkhuhlane; izakusigulisa njengokuba ihlala isenza njalo, utshilo uGqirha Kesh, kodwa esona sizathu sisoyikisayo kunakuqala kungenxa yosongelo losulelo oludibeneyo.
Asinalo nofifi lokuba kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ufumana zombini intsholongwane ngaxeshanye… kwaye awufuni ukuba ngumntu oza kufumanisa, uGqirha Cutler ulumkisa.
Kuba kuninzi Ukungqubana kweempawu phakathi kwentsholongwane yomkhuhlane, ukubanda okuqhelekileyo, kunye ne-coronavirus , kuya kuba nzima ukwazi ukuba yintoni ekuthwaxayo xa ufumana umkhuhlane, ukukhohlela, okanye umqala obuhlungu; ukuba ufumene isitofu sokugonya umkhuhlane, nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zakho zomkhuhlane zinokuba nzima kakhulu (kwaye umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokucebisa ukuvavanywa kwe-COVID-19).
Ngaphandle kogonyo lwe-COVID-19 olukhoyo, umkhuhlane we-2020 yeyona nto unokuyenza ukuthintela ukungalindeleki kwenqindi ezimbini zecoronavirus kunye nomkhuhlane.
Ezinxulumene: ICoronavirus ngokuchasene nomkhuhlane ngokuchasene nokubanda
Ufumana nini umkhuhlane
Amayeza okugonya umkhuhlane aqala ukubakho ngo-Agasti, kodwa kukho ukungavisisani phakathi kwamagqirha malunga nelona xesha lilungileyo lokufumana. Kuba impendulo yomzimba ithatha iinyanga ezine ukuya kwezintandathu kuphela, kunokuba yinto enzima ukuya kwixesha lokugonya: Ukuba lixesha lomkhuhlane kwangethuba, ufuna ukukhuselwa ASAP… kodwa ufuna olo khuseleko luhlale ixesha elipheleleyo lomkhuhlane, ngakumbi ukuba ukusasazeka kuqala kamva ekwindla.
Kulo nyaka, nangona kunjalo, ukusasazeka ngaxeshanye kwe-COVID-19 kuthetha ukuba awufuni ukubeka emngciphekweni ulahlekelwe lithuba lakho lokukhusela umkhuhlane .
Into endiyixelela abantu kukuba kungcono ukuba umntu ozibeka esichengeni ukuba ayifumane kwangoko xa sele ifumaneka, uGqirha Kesh ucebisa. Kwiindidi ezinobungozi obuphezulu, sifuna ukhuseleko luhlale ixesha elide, ke kubo bendiya kujolisa ku-Okthobha.
Ezinxulumene: Yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe ngabantu abadala ukuzikhusela kwi-coronavirus
Apho unokufumana khona umkhuhlane
Ukugonywa komkhuhlane bekusoloko kwaye kuya kuqhubeka kufumaneka ngeendlela zonyango njengababoneleli bonyango kunye neeofisi zabantwana. Kutshanje, iikhemesti ezininzi zasekhaya (kunye neevenkile ezinkulu zebhokisi, ezinjengeWalmart kunye neThagethi) bezinikezela ngemipu, nayo-kwaye unokulindela ukubona ngaphezulu kulo nyaka.
Urhulumente uzama ukukhupha amayeza okugonya ezikhemesti ngakumbi kulo nyaka ukunqanda ukuxinana kwii-ofisi zoogqirha, utshilo uGqirha Kesh, okuthetha ukuba kufanele kube lula kunakuqala ukufumana isitofu sokugonya umkhuhlane ngelixa uqhuba imisebenzi.
Uninzi lwamatyathanga ekhemesti- ukusuka kwiRite Aid ukuya kwiCVS ukuya kwiiWalgreens- ziyayinyusa imikhankaso yazo yokukhuthaza umkhuhlane sele inezilumkiso ezingakumbi ze-COVID. Amaketanga amakhulu ekhemesti ukumiliselwa kokuhlolwa kobushushu besigulana nokunxiba izikhuselo zobuso ngelixa ugonya ukhuseleko lwesigulana. Kwaye apho abantwana abancinci babekhe bafumana ukubethwa ngumkhuhlane kuphela kutyelelo lwezonyango kugqirha wabantwana, iSebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zaBantu (HHS) kutshanje litshintshe lo mgaqo-nkqubo, egunyazisa oosokhemesti ukuba benze ugonyo lwabantwana , kubandakanywa umkhuhlane, kumzamo wokukhusela umkhuhlane lula ukuza.
Ugqirha Kesh wongeze ukuba uninzi lwabenzi beyeza lokugonya bayayinyusa imveliso yabo ukuze baphendule kule nto iCDC inethemba lokuba iya kuba yimfuno ephezulu yezitofu zokugonya: Kwamanye amazwe, abantu abaninzi bayagonywa kulo nyaka kunesiqhelo-kwiminyaka edlulileyo, mhlawumbi ama-50% amaMelika Ndiyifumene, kwaye kulo nyaka i-CDC inethemba le-65%.
Ithemba lelokuba xa bebaninzi abantu abagonywayo, kokukhona siya kubona iimeko zomkhuhlane-ukunciphisa inkqubo yezonyango esele inzima ngeli xesha lobhubhane.
Yintoni onokuyilindela kugonyo lwe-2020-2021
Kukho izitofu zokugonya ezisithoba ezahlukeneyo kwimveliso, utshilo uGqirha Cutler, kodwa zonke ziya kukhusela kwizintlu ezifanayo zomkhuhlane. (Abavelisi abohlukeneyo bavelisa izitofu ezahlukeneyo zokugonya ukuqinisekisa ukuba zanele ukujikeleza.)
Uninzi lweendlela ziya kukhetha enye yeendidi ezintathu zezo zitofu zisithoba: ukutshiza kwempumlo, isitofu esisemgangathweni, kunye nesitofu sokugaya kwakhona, utshilo.
| Iindidi zokugonya umkhuhlane | Igama lebrand | Ngubani onokuyifumana | Fumana isigqebhezana |
| Ukutshiza ngeempumlo (isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane) | Flumist | Abantu abaneminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwengama-49 abangakhulelwanga, abangagonywanga, abangazange babenempembelelo kumkhuhlane, kwaye ngubani ongenayo i-asthma okanye ezinye iimeko zonyango | Fumana ikhadi le-Rx |
| Umgangatho wenaliti | Afluria, iFluarix, iFluzone, iFluLaval | Nabani na ongaphezu kweminyaka yeenyanga ezi-6 | Fumana ikhuphoni lase-Afluria Fumana ikhuphoni yeFluarix Fumana ikhuphoni yeFluzone Fumana ikhuphoni yeFlulaval |
| I-Fluad, iFluzone yedosi ephezulu | Nabani na ongaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 | Fumana ikhuphoni yeFluad Fumana ikhuphoni yeFluzone High-Dose | |
| Ukuphindaphinda (ngaphandle kweqanda) | Flublok | Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka yobudala be-18 abane-allergies yeqanda; iivenkile | Fumana ikhuphoni yeFlublok |
| Iseli-esekwe (ngaphandle kweqanda) | Flucelvax | Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka yobudala be-4 abane-allergies yeqanda; iivenkile | Fumana ikhuphoni yeFlucelvax |
Ezona ntlobo zimbini ziphambili zomkhuhlane ezosulela abantu zii-A kunye ne-B, kwaye nganye yazo inokwahluka kobunzima ekusasazeni unyaka nonyaka. Amachiza omkhuhlane ngoku aqhelekile ikota , Oko kuthetha ukuba bajolise kwiintlobo ezine zizonke-ezimbini u-A kunye no-B. Umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo u-A, u-H1N1 kunye no-H3N2, utshintsha rhoqo ukusuka kunyaka omnye ukuya kolandelayo, kodwa i-influenza B ayihambelani kangako, utshilo uGqirha Kesh. Iintlobo zalo nyaka zahlukile kunonyaka ophelileyo kodwa ii-virus ze-B ziyahambelana noko bekusetyenziswa ngaphambili.
Nokuba amachiza amatsha omkhuhlane alungisiwe ukuze ajolise kubuchwephesha beengxaki cinga izakujikeleza kulo nyaka, ukusebenza kwezitofu kuhlala kungatshintshanga: malunga 40% ukuya kuma-60% .
Ngenxa yokuba kufuneka zenziwe iinyanga ezintandathu kwangaphambili, asizukufumana ukusebenza kwe-100%, utshilo uGqirha Kesh. Inyani yokuba sisiqingatha kuphela sabantu abafumana umkhuhlane kuwo wonke umntu kunciphisa ukusebenza ngokukuko, kuba amazinga okugonya asezantsi andisa ukusasazeka koluntu . Umqobo wokuzikhusela umhlambi ngokuchasene nentsholongwane yomkhuhlane 33% ukuya kuma-44% .
Umgca wezantsi
Kukho konke ukunyaniseka, akukho namnye owaziyo ukuba liza kuba libi kangakanani ixesha lomkhuhlane i-2020. Nangona sisazi ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ezijikelezayo kumazantsi e-hemisphere, asazi ukuba zeziphi eziza kusasazeka ngokubanzi apha-kwaye ezinye zeembopheleleko zosasazo zihlala kuthi.
Ukuba siqhubeka nokunxiba iimaski zobuso esidlangalaleni, ukudanisa ekuhlaleni, ukuhlamba izandla, kunye nokuhlala ekhaya xa sigula, sinokwazi ukugcina iinombolo zethu zomkhuhlane ziphantsi. Kwaye, ewe, elinye iqhekeza lephazili ekunciphiseni ukusasazeka kukugonya komkhuhlane.
Isitshizi kunye nefoto ziyasebenza ngokulinganayo-eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufumana isitofu kuwe, utshilo uGqirha Kesh. Akukho nto ingenabungozi, kodwa umngcipheko wokufumana umkhuhlane kunye nokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga uphakame kakhulu kunaye nawuphi na umngcipheko wokufumana isitofu sokugonya.
