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Iinkcukacha-manani zempilo yengqondo 2021

Iindaba

Impilo yengqondo kunye nokuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kuchaphazela i-13% yabemi behlabathi. Elo nani linokunyuka njengabantu kwihlabathi liphela elinendawo yokuhlala kwaye bahlengahlengise kwimeko yesiqhelo phakathi kwesifo secoronavirus. Kuvavanyo lwethu lwesizwe impilo yengqondo kunye ne-coronavirus , Sifumanise ukuba ubhubhane we-COVID-19 uchaphazele impilo yengqondo ye-59% yabantu baseMelika. Ukuphelisa ibala elijikeleze ukugula kwengqondo kubalulekile ngoku kunakuqala. Ezi zibalo zilandelayo zempilo yengqondo zibonisa ubungakanani kunye nefuthe lokugula kwengqondo.

Yintoni isifo sengqondo?

Isigulo sengqondo sinamacandelo amabini — lawo ane nasiphi na isifo sengqondo (AMI) kunye nabo ukugula ngengqondo okunzulu (SMI) , nangona oku kungangqinelani.

I-AMI ichazwa kukuSetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kunye noMbutho weeNkonzo zeMpilo yeNgqondo (SAMHSA) njengayo nayiphi na ingxaki yengqondo, yeemvakalelo, okanye yokuziphatha eyahlangabezana neDiagnostic kunye neNcwadi yeNgxelo yeNgxelo yokuPhazamiseka kwengqondo, uhlelo lwe-4 (DSM-IV). Umntu one-AMI uchazwa njenge-SMI yi-SAMHSA ukuba ingxaki yabo iphazamisa kakhulu okanye ithintela into enye okanye ezingaphezulu zobomi.

Ezinye zeemeko zempilo yengqondo zibandakanya:

Ixhala: Iingxaki zokuxhalaba zibonakaliswa kukukhathazeka okungapheliyo, uloyiko, kunye noxinzelelo oluphazamisa ubomi bomntu bemihla ngemihla.
Uxinzelelo: Ukuqhubeka kwemood ephantsi, ukudinwa, kunye nosizi olunzulu ziimpawu ezibonakalayo zoxinzelelo olukhulu.
Ukuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi: Ukusetyenziswa kotywala rhoqo kunye / okanye iziyobisi eziphazamisa indlela umntu aziphatha ngayo kubomi bemihla ngemihla.
Ukuxhuzula: Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okune-bipolar kubandakanya utshintsho olwenziweyo kwiimvakalelo zokudakumba okanye eziphantsi kunye neemowudi eziphezulu ezinokuhlala iiveki ubude.
Ischizophrenia: ISchizophrenia sisifo esinganyangekiyo kunye nengqumbo yengqondo echaphazela iingcinga zomntu, iimvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha
Ukuphazamiseka kwindlela yokutya: Ukuphazamiseka kwindlela yokutya zizigulo ezichaphazela ubudlelwane bomntu nokutya kunye nomzimba.
Ingxaki yokujonga okunyanzelekileyo (i-OCD): I-OCD sisifo esinganyangekiyo, esihlala ixesha elide apho umntu efumana amava angenangqondo, angalawulekiyo, aphindaphindiweyo alandelwa yindlela yokuziphatha.
Ingxaki yoxinzelelo lwasemva koxinzelelo (PTSD): I-PTSD kukuphazamiseka oko kukhula kwabanye abaye behlelwa sisiganeko esothusayo okanye esiyingozi kwaye kunzima ukubuyela kwimeko ebuhlungu eyenzekileyo.

Kuqheleke kangakanani ukugula ngengqondo?

Abantu abazizigidi ezingama-970 kwihlabathi liphela baneengxaki zempilo yengqondo okanye iziyobisi. (Ilizwe lethu kwiDatha, ngo-2018)
Ixhala sesona sifo sokugula ngengqondo siqhelekileyo ehlabathini, sichaphazela abantu abazizigidi ezingama-284. (Ilizwe lethu kwiDatha, ngo-2018)
Ehlabathini jikelele, ukugula ngengqondo kuchaphazela abantu ababhinqileyo abaninzi (11.9%) kunamadoda (9.3%). (Ilizwe lethu kwiDatha, ngo-2018)
Uxinzelelo olukhulu, uxinzelelo, ukuphazamiseka ekusebenziseni utywala, i-schizophrenia, i-bipolar disorder, kunye ne-dysthymia (uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo) ziye zachongwa njengezona zinto zikhokelela ekukhubazekeni e-US (U.S. Burden of Disease Collaborators, 2013)
Izinga lokusweleka kwabo banengxaki yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo liphezulu kakhulu kunabantu ngokubanzi, kunye nokulahleka kokuphila okuphakathi kweminyaka eyi-10.1. ( IJAMA yoNyango, 2015)
Kuqikelelwa ukuba ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kubangelwa yi-14.3% yokufa kwihlabathi liphela, okanye malunga nokufa kwabantu abazizigidi ezisibhozo ngonyaka. ( IJAMA yoNyango, 2015)

Ezinxulumene:

Amanani empilo yengqondo kwihlabathi liphela

Ixhala lichaphazela abantu abazizigidi ezingama-284 emhlabeni.
Uxinzelelo luchaphazela abantu abazizigidi ezingama-264.
Ukuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kotywala kuchaphazela abantu abazizigidi ezili-107.
Ukuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kuchaphazela abantu abazizigidi ezingama-71.
Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuchaphazela abantu abazizigidi ezingama-46.
I-Schizophrenia ichaphazela abantu abazizigidi ezingama-20.
Ukuphazamiseka kwindlela yokutya kuchaphazela abantu abazizigidi ezili-16.

Ilizwe lethu kwiDatha, ngo-2018

Iinkcukacha-manani zempilo yengqondo eMelika

Ngaphezulu kwekota (26.3%) yabantu abadala abaneminyaka eli-18 ukuya kwengama-25 ubudala babekhe bagula ngengqondo ngo-2018.
Phantse i-8% yabantu abadala abaneminyaka eli-18 ukuya kwengama-25 ubudala babenesifo esibuhlungu sengqondo ngo-2018.
Ukuxhalaba kukuchaphazela abantu abadala abazizigidi ezingama-40 e-US (i-18.1% yabemi) ibenza isifo esiqhelekileyo sengqondo. (Uxinzelelo kunye noMbutho woXinzelelo lweMelika)
Iqondo labantu abaneminyaka eli-18 ukuya kwengama-25 ubudala abathi baxela iimpawu ezihambelana nokudakumba okukhulu bonyuse ama-63% ukusuka ku-2009 ukuya ku-2017. (Umbutho waseAmerican Psychological Association, 2019)

(ISAMHSA, 2018)

Unyango lwempilo yengqondo

Unyango lwempilo yengqondo luyahluka phakathi kweentlobo zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Abo bafuna unyango kufuneka babonane nengcali yezonyango okanye yezengqondo ukuze baxoxe ngonyango kunye namayeza afanelekileyo kubo.

Unyango lunokubiza, kunye neendleko zonyango kunye namayeza anyusa amawaka eedola. I-US ichithe $ 187.8 yezigidigidi kwiimeko zempilo yengqondo kunye nokuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ngo-2013. Amashumi asixhenxe amawaka ezigidi zeendleko zachithwa kunyango lonyango kuphela.

Ngokwe- Uphando olupapashwe nguLancet Psychiatry , iindleko zizonke zonyango lokuxhalaba kunye noxinzelelo lokudakumba kuwo onke amazwe angama-36 kwihlabathi liphela liqikelelwa ukuba li- $ 147 yezigidigidi ngo-2030. Le ndleko izakuvelisa isibonelelo se-net, ngokusekwe kuqikelelo kunye nokuthozama kwe-5% ekuphuculweni kwemveliso yomsebenzi okukhokelela kwi-399 yezigidigidi zoqoqosho. inzuzo.

Ngaba i-inshurensi iyakhusela iinkonzo zempilo yengqondo?

Zonke izicwangciso zeinshurensi yezempilo kwindawo yentengiso zigubungela impilo yengqondo kunye neenkonzo zokusebenzisa gwenxa iziyobisi, ngokwe kwezempilo.gov . Ezi nkonzo zibandakanya unyango lwengqondo, iingcebiso, iinkonzo zonyango, kunye nonyango lokuphazamiseka ekusebenziseni iziyobisi. Ukongeza, izicwangciso zeMarike azinako ukukukhanyela ukuba unempilo yezengqondo.

Ngapha koko, Unyango ngoyena mntu uhlawula kakhulu iinkonzo zempilo yengqondo e-United States.

Ukuya kufikelela kwi-Medicare, i-Medicare Icandelo A igubungela ukulaliswa esibhedlele, kubandakanya nokwamkelwa ngenxa yeengxaki zempilo yengqondo, kwaye i-Medicare B igubungela ukutyelelwa kwezempilo yengqondo. Nalu uluhlu olupheleleyo lweenkonzo ezigutyungelweyo .

UKUYA ukufunda kuqhutywa ngo-2006 kuqikelelwa ukuba ziindleko eziphakathi, indleko yokubonelela ngenkathalo, kunye nemali yokubuyiselwa kukhathalelo lwempilo yezigulana kwizibhedlele zase-418 zase-US.

I-avareji yeendleko zokuhambisa unyango kwabo bane-Medicare:

Unyango lweSchizophrenia: $ 8,509 yeentsuku ezili-11.1
Unyango lwe-bipolar disorder: i- $ 7,593 yeentsuku ezingama-9.4
Unyango loxinzelelo: $ 6,990 yeentsuku eziyi-8.4

Ngelishwa, ngophando luka-2006, abaguli abangaqinisekiswanga banakho ukufumana ukhathalelo olungaphantsi. Qaphela ukuba ixesha lonyango kwizigulana ezingaqinisekiswanga lifutshane kunonyango lwe-inshurensi.

I-avareji yeendleko zokuhambisa unyango kwabo bangekho kwi-inshurensi:

Unyango lweSchizophrenia: $ 5,707 yeentsuku eziyi-7.4
Unyango lwe-bipolar disorder: i-4,356 yeedola kwiintsuku eziyi-5.5
Unyango loxinzelelo: $ 3,616 yeentsuku ezingama-4.4

(Iinkonzo Zengqondo, Ngo-2012)

Amanani onyango lwempilo yengqondo

UPhononongo lukaZwelonke lokuSebenzisa iziyobisi kunye neMpilo luchaza iinkonzo zempilo yengqondo njengokufumana unyango kwizigulana okanye unyango olungalaliswanga okanye ukucetyiswa okanye ukuthatha amayeza kagqirha kwiingxaki zempilo yengqondo.

I-15% yabantu abadala baseMelika (abaneminyaka eyi-18 ukuya kuma-25 ubudala) bafumana ukhathalelo lwempilo yengqondo kunyaka omnye. (ISAMHSA, 2018)
Ikota yabafundi beekholeji baneengxaki zempilo yengqondo ezinje ngoxinzelelo, uxinzelelo kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kotywala. ( Iinkonzo zengqondo , 2020)
Uninzi (iipesenti ezingama-93) zabafundi ziyazi iinkonzo ezikwikhampasi ezinxulumene nempilo yengqondo. (Umbutho waseMelika wengqondo, 2018)
Kuphela yi-13% yabafundi abanengxaki yempilo yengqondo abasebenzisa izixhobo zekhampasi, ezinje ngengcebiso. (Umbutho waseMelika wengqondo, 2018)
Ngaphantsi kwesithathu kwishumi elivisayo abafikisayo abazifumani iinkonzo zempilo yengqondo, kodwa isiqingatha sabakwishumi elivisayo abancinci abafumani nkathalo. (Umanyano lukazwelonke lokuqhubela phambili impilo yengqondo , 2007)
Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sabantu abatsha ababandakanyekayo kwinkqubo yezobulungisa kulutsha bahlangabezana neenqobo zokuphazamiseka kubunina bengqondo, kodwa yi-15% yabo kuphela abafumene unyango. (IOfisi yezobulungisa bolutsha kunye noThintelo loLwaphulo-mthetho, 2017)

Unyango kunye nezikhokelo zamayeza

Ukuba ufunyaniswe unesinye sezi meko zempilo yengqondo, ungazisebenzisa ezi zikhokelo ukuze uqonde ngcono iindlela zonyango onokukhetha kuzo kwaye uthelekise amayeza aqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ekuphela komntu onokuchonga olona nyango lulungileyo ngumboneleli wakho wezempilo.

Ixhala
Uxinzelelo
Ingxaki yokujonga okunyanzelekileyo (i-OCD)
Ischizophrenia
Uxinzelelo lwasemva koxinzelelo lwasemva (PTSD)
Ukuxhuzula
Ukuqwalaselwa kwentsilelo yokuchaphazeleka kwengqondo (ADHD)

Izibonelelo zempilo yengqondo

Ukuba ufumana iimpawu zokugula ngengqondo kunye / okanye uneengcinga zokuzibulala, uncedo luyafumaneka. Sebenzisa la maqela enkxaso kunye neendlela zokuphila ukuze ufumane ukhathalelo oludingayo.